1.Miyasaka, Y, et al. Secular trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and implications on the projections for future prevalence. Circulation, 2006. 114(2): p. 119-25.
2.European Heart Rhythm, A, et al. HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert Consensus Statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for personnel, policy, procedures and follow-up. A report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 2007. 4(6): p. 816-61.
3.Van Wagoner, D.R, Oxidative stress and inflammation in atrial fibrillation: role in pathogenesis and potential as a therapeutic target. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 2008. 52(4): p. 306-13.
4.Pan, M, et al. Inflammation: a possible pathogenic link to atrial fibrillation. Med Hypotheses, 2006. 67(6): p. 1305-7.
5.Murray, K.T, L.C. Mace, and Z. Yang, Nonantiarrhythmic drug therapy for atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 2007. 4(3 Suppl): p. S88-90.
6.Sovari, A.A. and S.C. Dudley, Antioxidant therapy for atrial fibrillation: lost in translation? Heart, 2012. 98(22): p. 1615-6.
7.Moro, C, A. Hernandez-Madrid, and R. Matia, Non-antiarrhythmic drugs to prevent atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs, 2010. 10(3): p. 165-73.
8.European Heart Rhythm, A, et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J, 2010. 31(19): p. 2369-429.
9.Everett, T.H.t, et al. Electrical, morphological, and ultrastructural remodeling and reverse remodeling in a canine model of chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 2000. 102(12): p. 1454-60.
10.Brundel, B.J, et al. Activation of proteolysis by calpains and structural changes in human paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res, 2002. 54(2): p. 380-9.
11.Allessie, M, J. Ausma, and U. Schotten, Electrical, contractile and structural remodeling during atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res, 2002. 54(2): p. 230-46.
12.Mihm, M.J, et al. Impaired myofibrillar energetics and oxidative injury during human atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 2001. 104(2): p. 174-80.
13.Korantzopoulos, P, et al. Atrial fibrillation and electrical remodeling: the potential role of inflammation and oxidative stress. Med Sci Monit, 2003. 9(9): p. RA225-9.
14.Dudley, S.C, Jr, et al. Atrial fibrillation increases production of superoxide by the left atrium and left atrial appendage: role of the NADPH and xanthine oxidases. Circulation, 2005. 112(9): p. 1266-73.
15.Sovari, A.A. and S.C. Dudley, Oxidative Stress and Atrial Fibrillation. 2010. 128(16): p. 1724-6.
16.Sovari, A.A, et al. Inhibition of c-Src tyrosine kinase prevents angiotensin II-mediated connexin-43 remodeling and sudden cardiac death. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2011. 58(22): p. 2332-9.
17.Murrell, G.A, M.J. Francis, and L. Bromley, Modulation of fibroblast proliferation by oxygen free radicals. Biochem J, 1990. 265(3): p. 659-65.
18.Sugamura, K. and J.F. Keaney, Jr, Reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease. Free Radic Biol Med, 2011. 51(5): p. 978-92.
19.Murdoch, C.E, et al. NADPH oxidase-dependent redox signalling in cardiac hypertrophy, remodelling and failure. Cardiovasc Res, 2006. 71(2): p. 208-15.
20.Kim, Y.M, et al. A myocardial Nox2 containing NAD(P)H oxidase contributes to oxidative stress in human atrial fibrillation. Circ Res, 2005. 97(7): p. 629-36.
21.Sesso, H.D, et al. Vitamins E and C in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Men: The Physicians’ Health Study II Randomized Trial. Jama, 2008. 300(18): p. 2123.
22.Huang, T and K.X. Huang, Biomedical Functions of α-Lipoic Acid. CHEMISTRY OF LIFE, 2004. 24(1): p. 58-60.
23.Golbidi, S, M. Badran, and I. Laher, Diabetes and alpha lipoic Acid. Front Pharmacol, 2011. 2: p. 69.
24.Ghibu, S, et al. Antioxidant properties of an endogenous thiol: Alpha-lipoic acid, useful in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 2009. 54(5): p. 391-8.
25.Abdel-Zaher, A.O, et al. The potential protective role of alpha-lipoic acid against acetaminophen-induced hepatic and renal damage. Toxicology, 2008. 243(3): p. 261-70.
26.Dycus, D.L, et al. Modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress in canine chondrocytes. Am J Vet Res, 2013. 74(7): p. 983-9.
27.Dong, Y, H. Wang, and Z. Chen, Alpha-Lipoic Acid Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury via Insulin Receptor and PI3K/Akt-Dependent Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase. Int J Endocrinol, 2015. 2015: p. 903186.
28.Louhelainen, M, et al. Lipoic acid supplementation prevents cyclosporine-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens, 2006. 24(5): p. 947-56.
29.Byun, E, et al. alpha-Lipoic acid inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced oncogene expression and hyperproliferation by suppressing the activation of NADPH oxidase in gastric epithelial cells. Mediators Inflamm, 2014. 2014: p. 380830.
30.Al-Rasheed, N.M, et al. Adverse cardiac responses to alpha-lipoic acid in a rat-diabetic model: possible mechanisms?. J Physiol Biochem, 2013. 69(4): 761-778.
31. Wang, L.F, et al. Effects of spironolactone towards rabbit atrial remodeling with rapid pacing. Pak J Pharm Sci, 2016. 29(1): p. 151-156.
32.Li, J, et al. Role of inflammation and oxidative stress in atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 2010. 7(4): p. 438-44.
33.Letsas, K.P, et al. Uric acid elevation in atrial fibrillation. Hellenic J Cardiol, 2010. 51(3): p. 209-13.
34.Yamamoto, E, et al. Enhancement of cardiac oxidative stress by tachycardia and its critical role in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. J Hypertens, 2006. 24(10): p. 2057-69.
35.Martinon, F, Signaling by ROS drives inflammasome activation. Eur J Immunol, 2010. 40(3): p. 616-9.
36.Kim, Y.H, et al. Gene expression profiling of oxidative stress on atrial fibrillation in humans. Exp Mol Med, 2003. 35(5): p. 336-49.
37.Lu, X, C. Wang, and B. Liu, The role of Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD in the immune response to oxidative stress and pathogen challenge in the clam Meretrix meretrix. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2015. 42(1): p. 58-65.
38.Qiang, M, et al. Autofluorescence of MDA-modified proteins as an in vitro and in vivo probe in oxidative stress analysis. Protein Cell, 2014. 5(6): p. 484-7.
39.Carnes, C.A, et al. Ascorbate attenuates atrial pacing-induced peroxynitrite formation and electrical remodeling and decreases the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Circ Res, 2001. 89(6): p. E32-8.
40.Korantzopoulos, P, et al. Oral vitamin C administration reduces early recurrence rates after electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation and attenuates associated inflammation. Int J Cardiol, 2005. 102(2): p. 321-6.
41.Peng, T, X. Lu, and Q. Feng, Pivotal role of gp91phox-containing NADH oxidase in lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression and myocardial depression. Circulation, 2005. 111(13): p. 1637-44.
42.Byrne, J.A, et al. Contrasting roles of NADPH oxidase isoforms in pressure-overload versus angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Circ Res, 2003. 93(9): p. 802-5.
43.Grieve, D.J, et al. Involvement of the nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase isoform Nox2 in cardiac contractile dysfunction occurring in response to pressure overload. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2006. 47(4): p. 817-26.
44.Quinn, M.T. and K.A. Gauss, Structure and regulation of the neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase: comparison with nonphagocyte oxidases. J Leukoc Biol, 2004. 76(4): p. 760-81.
45.Knopfel, M. and M. Solioz, Characterization of a cytochrome b(558) ferric/cupric reductase from rabbit duodenal brush border membranes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2002. 291(2): p. 220-5.
46.Wollin, S.D. and P.J. Jones, Alpha-lipoic acid and cardiovascular disease. J Nutr, 2003. 133(11): p. 3327-30.
47.El Midaoui, A. and J. de Champlain, Prevention of hypertension, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress by alpha-lipoic acid. Hypertension, 2002. 39(2): p. 303-7.
48.Li, C.J, et al. Cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy are ameliorated by alpha-lipoic acid. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2012. 11: p. 73.
49.Dudek, M, et al. Alpha lipoic acid protects the heart against myocardial post ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias via KATP channel activation in isolated rat hearts. Pharmacol Rep, 2014. 66(3): p. 499-504.