Ethics approval and consent to participate
This study utilized ethically approved data from previous GWAS studies, obviating the need for additional ethical statements.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declared no competing interests.
Funding
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation (Grant Number: 82200860; 82170787); Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (Grant Number: 2208085QH239); Natural Science Research in Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province (Grant Number: 2022AH051133); College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Anhui Province (Grant Number: S202110366013); Early scientific training program of Anhui Medical University (Grant Number: 2021-ZQKY-120; 2022-ZQKY-194).
Author Contributions
Feixiang Yang: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, project administration, visualization, writing – original draft.
Yunyun Mei: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, methodology, project administration, software, validation, writing – review & editing.
Hao Li: data curation, investigation, methodology, software, validation, visualization, writing – original draft.
Kun Wang: formal analysis, methodology, software, validation, writing – review & editing.
Jiawei Li: investigation, methodology, software, validation, writing – review & editing.
Qintao Ge: investigation, methodology, software, validation, writing – review & editing.
Xuefeng Tian: formal analysis, software, validation, writing – review & editing.
Meng Zhang: investigation, methodology, writing – review & editing.
Jun Zhou: investigation, methodology, writing – review & editing.
Chaozhao Liang: conceptualization, methodology, project administration, resources, supervision, validation, writing – review & editing.
Jialin Meng: conceptualization, funding acquisition, methodology, project administration, resources, supervision, validation, writing – review & editing.
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome consortium (PRACTICAL) for providing GWAS data of prostate cancer. We thank Home for Researchers editorial team (www.home-for-researchers.com) for language editing service. We thank the Mathematical Medicine Integration Innovation Training Program for Undergraduate Students (MITUS) for providing valuable guidance, support, research opportunities, and resources.
Availability of data and material
GWAS data for educational attainment was derived from Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (SSGAC) (https://thessgac.com/); GWAS data for prostate cancer was derived from Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome consortium (PRACTICAL) (http://practical.icr.ac.uk/); GWAS data from UK Biobank could be obtained from http://www.nealelab.is/uk-biobank; GWAS data from FinnGen consortium could be obtained from https://www.finngen.fi/. The original contributions from the study are contained in the article/supplementary materials; further inquiries should be addressed to the corresponding authors.