1. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015; 65(2):87-108.
2. Baba Y, Yoshida N, Shigaki H, et al. Prognostic Impact of Postoperative Complications in 502 Patients With Surgically Resected Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Single-institution Study. Ann Surg. 2016; 264(2):305-11.
3. Tan Z, Ma G, Yang H, et al. Can lymph node ratio replace pn categories in the tumor-node-metastasis classification system for esophageal cancer? J Thorac Oncol. 2014; 9(8):1214-21.
4. Shao Y, Geng Y, Gu W, et al. Assessment of Lymph Node Ratio to Replace the pN Categories System of Classification of the TNM System in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol. 2016; 11(10):1774-84.
5. Rouvelas I, Zeng W, Lindblad M, et al. Survival after surgery for oesophageal cancer: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2005; 6(11):864-70.
6. Steyerberg EW, Neville B, Weeks JC, Earle CC. Referral patterns, treatment choices, and outcomes in locoregional esophageal cancer: a population-based analysis of elderly patients. J Clin Oncol. 2007; 25(17):2389-96.
7. Ning ZH, Wang ZG, Chen J, et al. Proposed Modification of Nodal Staging as an Alternative to the Seventh Edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging System Improves the Prognostic Prediction in the Resected Esophageal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol. 2015; 10(7):1091-8.
8. Edge S, Byrd D, Compton C, Fritz A. American joint committee on cancer. AJCC cancer staging manual. 7th ed. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2010.
9. Bozdogan H. Model selection and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC): The general theory and its analytical extensions. Psychometrika. 1987; 52(3):345-370.
10. Frank E HJ. Rms: Regression Modeling Strategies. R Package version 3.4-2.
11. Lausen B SM. Maximally selected rank statistics. Biometric. 1992; 1(48):73-85.
12. Piccirillo JF, Tierney RM, Costas I, et al. Prognostic importance of comorbidity in a hospital-based cancer registry. JAMA. 2004; 291(20):2441-7.
13. Steyerberg EW, Neville BA, Koppert LB, et al. Surgical mortality in patients with esophageal cancer: development and validation of a simple risk score. J Clin Oncol. 2006; 24(26):4277-84.
14. van de Schans SA, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Biesma B, et al. COPD in cancer patients: higher prevalence in the elderly, a different treatment strategy in case of primary tumours above the diaphragm, and a worse overall survival in the elderly patient. Eur J Cancer. 2007; 43(15):2194-202.
15. Koppert LB, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Louwman MW, et al. Comparison of comorbidity prevalence in oesophageal and gastric carcinoma patients: a population-based study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004; 16(7):681-8.
16. Postma DS, Bush A, van den Berge M. Risk factors and early origins of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet. 2015; 385(9971):899-909.
17. Ohi M, Toiyama Y, Omura Y, et al. Risk factors and measures of pulmonary complications after thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Surg Today. 2018.
18. Hou X, Wei JC, Xu Y, et al. The positive lymph node ratio predicts long-term survival in patients with operable thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013; 20(5):1653-9.
19. Kelty CJ, Kennedy CW, Falk GL. Ratio of metastatic lymph nodes to total number of nodes resected is prognostic for survival in esophageal carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol. 2010; 5(9):1467-71.
20. Mokart D, Giaoui E, Barbier L, et al. Postoperative sepsis in cancer patients undergoing major elective digestive surgery is associated with increased long-term mortality. J Crit Care. 2016; 31(1):48-53.
21. Lodes U, Bohmeier B, Lippert H, et al. PCR-based rapid sepsis diagnosis effectively guides clinical treatment in patients with new onset of SIRS. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2012; 397(3):447-55.