Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to TyG index in NHANES 2013-2014.
|
Q1(lowest)
|
Q2
|
Q3
|
Q4(highest)
|
P value
|
N
|
372
|
371
|
371
|
372
|
|
Age (years)
|
57.7±12.9
|
59.5±12.3
|
59.4±11.7
|
59.0±11.7
|
<0.001
|
Male (%)
|
149 (40.1)
|
183 (49.3)
|
183 (49.3)
|
207 (55.6)
|
0.031
|
Race/ethnicity (%)
|
|
|
|
|
<0.001
|
Non-Hispanic white
|
160 (43.0)
|
177 (47.7)
|
148 (39.9)
|
187 (50.3)
|
|
Non-Hispanic black
|
110 (29.6)
|
76 (20.5)
|
52 (14.0)
|
38 (10.2)
|
|
Mexican American
|
32 (8.6)
|
35 (9.4)
|
64 (17.3)
|
38 (10.2)
|
|
Other
|
70 (18.8)
|
83 (22.4)
|
107 (28.8)
|
87 (23.4)
|
|
Education levels (%)
|
|
|
|
|
0.090
|
Less than high school
|
74 (19.9)
|
82 (22.1)
|
108 (29.1)
|
97 (26.1)
|
|
High school or equivalent
|
82 (22.1)
|
77 (20.8)
|
75 (20.2)
|
82 (22.1)
|
|
College or above
|
215 (58.0)
|
212 (57.1)
|
188 (50.7)
|
192 (51.8)
|
|
Family income- poverty ratio (%)
|
|
|
|
|
0.003
|
≤1.0
|
64 (18.7)
|
56 (15.9)
|
79 (23.3)
|
64 (18.9)
|
|
1.0-3.0
|
125 (36.4)
|
116 (32.9)
|
135 (39.8)
|
144 (42.5)
|
|
>3.0
|
154 (44.9)
|
181 (51.3)
|
25 (36.9)
|
131 (38.6)
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
|
|
|
|
<0.001
|
<25.0
|
163 (44.1)
|
126 (34.3)
|
85 (23.1)
|
45 (12.1)
|
|
25.0-29.9
|
124 (33.5)
|
140 (38.1)
|
152 (41.3)
|
145 (39.1)
|
|
≥30.0
|
83 (22.4)
|
101 (27.5)
|
131 (35.6)
|
181 (48.8)
|
|
Smoking status (%)
|
|
|
|
|
0.213
|
Current smoker
|
50 (18.1)
|
60 (21.7)
|
65 (25.3)
|
66 (25.4)
|
|
Ever smoker
|
6 (2.2)
|
11 (4.0)
|
9 (3.5)
|
11 (4.2)
|
|
Never smoker
|
221 (79.8)
|
206 (74.4)
|
183 (71.2)
|
183 (70.4)
|
|
Physical activity (%)
|
|
|
|
|
0.695
|
Vigorous
|
61 (32.6)
|
55 (29.7)
|
55 (31.2)
|
71 (37.0)
|
|
Moderate
|
64 (34.2)
|
72 (38.9)
|
68 (38.6)
|
70 (36.5)
|
|
Inactive
|
62 (33.2)
|
58 (31.4)
|
53 (30.1)
|
51 (26.6)
|
|
Hypertension (%)
|
63 (17.7)
|
75 (20.7)
|
84 (23.3)
|
82 (22.5)
|
0.260
|
Diabetes (%)
|
21 (5.7)
|
41 (11.1)
|
61 (16.4)
|
158 (42.5)
|
<0.001
|
Glucose(mg/dL)
|
96.1±11.6
|
102.1±15.8
|
108.6±22.5)
|
138.9±59.2
|
<0.001
|
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
|
54.5±12.7
|
86.3±15.2
|
122.4±22.6
|
235.2±232.9
|
<0.001
|
TyG index
|
7.83±0.26
|
8.36±0.12
|
8.77±0.13
|
9.51±0.47
|
<0.001
|
Calcium (mmol/L)
|
2.34±0.09
|
2.35±0.09
|
2.36±0.08
|
2.36±0.09
|
0.004
|
Phosphorus (mmol/L)
|
1.21±0.18
|
1.21±0.16
|
1.21±0.18
|
1.20±0.18
|
0.594
|
eGFR (ml/min per 1.73m2)
|
92.9±34.0
|
92.9±33.5
|
96.6±34.8
|
104.9±40.1
|
<0.001
|
AAC (%)
|
88 (23.7)
|
114 (30.7)
|
138 (37.2)
|
137 (36.8)
|
<0.001
|
Data are the mean ± SD, or number (percentage). BMI body mass index, TyG triglyceride glucose, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, AAC abdominal aortic calcification.
Table 2 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for AAC according to TyG index.
|
OR (95% CI)
P
|
|
Q1
|
Q2
|
Q3
|
Q4
|
Model 1
|
1.00
|
1.30 (0.92-1.84)
P=0.139
|
1.83 (1.31-2.57)
P<0.001
|
1.83 (1.31-2.58)
P<0.001
|
Model 2
|
1.00
|
0.92 (0.48-1.76)
P=792
|
2.05 (1.05-4.06)
P=0.037)
|
2.08 (1.08-4.08)
P=0.031
|
Model 3
|
1.00
|
0.92 (0.47-1.80)
P=0.816
|
1.99 (0.99-4.07)
P=0.056
|
2.12 (1.05-4.35)
P=0.038)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Model 1: adjusted for age, and sex.
Model 2: further adjusted for race, edu, IPR, smoking, BMI, and physical activity.
Model 3: further adjusted for HBP, DM, calcium, phosphorus, and eGFR.
OR odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval.
Table 3 Subgroups analysis for the associations between TyG index and the presence of AAC.
|
OR (95% CI)
|
P for interaction
|
Age
|
|
0.008
|
≤60
|
1.04 (0.96-1.12)
|
|
>60
|
1.21 (1.03-1.41)
|
|
Gender
|
|
0.657
|
Female
|
1.06 (0.96-1.18)
|
|
Male
|
1.10 (1.00-1.21)
|
|
Hypertension
|
|
0.985
|
No
|
1.05 (0.97-1.13)
|
|
Yes
|
1.13 (0.94-1.35)
|
|
Diabetes
|
|
0.546
|
No
|
1.08 (1.00-1.17)
|
|
Yes
|
1.08 (0.89-1.32)
|
|
BMI
|
|
0.979
|
<25.0
|
1.10 (0.96-1.26)
|
|
25.0-29.9
|
1.14 (1.02-1.27)
|
|
≥30.0
|
1.01 (0.89-1.15)
|
|
Analyses were adjusted in Model 3 except for the strata variables.