Establish a legal framework for vaccine deployment |
Determine political will for vaccine / vaccination program |
Determine consensus for vaccine recommendation amongst medical and scientific communities |
Ensure commitment from stakeholders to support the vaccine/vaccine program introduction and continued deployment |
Create stakeholder advocacy and lobbying plans |
Confirm commitment to accurate and responsible data collection and sharing |
Socio-cultural factors, and communication |
Consider the acceptability of the vaccines and any perceived risks |
Ensure development of a communication plan |
Ensure distribution of awareness campaigns, information dissemination (including media and social media) and public education |
Establish demand planning and demand generation strategies |
Consider social mobilization strategies |
Policy, guidelines, and regulations |
Ensure conformity with established global guidelines |
Establish national guidelines and a consensus statement |
Ensure there is consensus between stakeholders |
Ensure the program is standardized and verified |
Develop and enforce regulations and quality assurance processes |
Set up a regulatory mechanism to register and approve vaccines and ensure a quality system is in place |
Financing |
Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the program (including government expenditure on vaccines and projected savings in healthcare) and ensure that this is within acceptable national thresholds |
Consider the cost to existing healthcare programs |
Ensure there is adequate financing in place to initiate the vaccine program i.e., to set up and introduce the program |
Ensure there is adequate financing in place to maintain the vaccine program |
Develop a strategy to ensure financial sustainability for the maintenance of the vaccine program i.e., to ensure the long-term continuation of the program |
Secure approval for vaccine program costs in the government budget (e.g., line items for the purchase of vaccines) |
Vaccine characteristics and logistics |
Consider vaccine pharmacological properties which may impact the design of a vaccination program (e.g., thermostability) |
Conduct demand forecasting |
Set up storage and thermostability facilities |
Ensure an adequate transport system is available to deliver vaccines |
Organize a waste management system |
Consider overall logistics i.e., designate a responsible party for ensuring that the physical vaccine is managed and administered appropriately e.g., overall co-ordination of storage and liaison with transport systems and vaccination centers, PPE management, security systems etc. |
Coordinate supply of vaccine related consumables |
Arrange long term supply of vaccines |
Program planning |
Create a national technical working group with terms of reference and roles and responsibilities |
Create a top-level organization chart to establish roles and responsibilities within the program |
Establish a scope, prioritization, and goal setting plan with a project timeline |
Prepare a vaccine introduction plan |
Create a macro and micro program plan and make decisions based on evidence |
Develop a long-term immunization strategy, including catch-up and booster vaccines |
Program monitoring and evaluation |
Evaluate the short-term impact of vaccination on disease burden, and evaluate the long-term impact through epidemiological surveillance |
Ensure there is a management information system in place and have a mechanism to report data |
Develop a monitoring framework, or adapt an existing monitoring framework, to incorporate recommended advice and provide a mechanism to incorporate feedback |
Implement a monitoring plan to chart how the implementation and rollout of the vaccination program is progressing |
Supervise the implementation of the program |
Establish a mechanism to evaluate the implementation of the program, to ensure sustained immunity in the target population |
Use the program to learn and improve understanding of deployment of a large-scale healthcare event, through developing R&D, conducting operational and/or effectiveness research, and an impact assessment |
Sustainable and integrated healthcare provision |
Country commitment to delivering a sustainable and effective vaccine program (e.g., demonstrable of good stewardship and implementation of national health plans, previous success of vaccine introduction) |
Determine the relevance to the public health and public health value attributed to the program |
Determine the likelihood of implementing the vaccine program through a formal feasibility assessment |
Ensure a sustainable vaccine program, which is resilient, fit-for-purpose and responsive |
Integrating the vaccine program into existing healthcare programs and current immunization schedules |
Identify regional and geographical gaps in healthcare provision and develop a plan to create equal access to the vaccination program across all regions |
Ensure that front line staff who will deploy the vaccine are healthcare providers and integrated within current healthcare and vaccination systems |
Safety surveillance and reporting |
Assess the acceptability of the adverse event profile of the vaccine by healthcare professionals and by the public |
Establish safe vaccination principles |
Ensure adequate tools are available for planning, conducting, and reporting pharmacovigilance activities and findings |
Disease burden and characteristics |
Evaluate characteristics of the disease relevant for developing a vaccination program (e.g., transmissibility, antigenic variation etc.) |
Evaluate the burden of disease in the population |
Mechanism for disease surveillance |
Vaccination equity |
Evaluate accessibility and availability of vaccines, and implement strategies to ensure greater reach to, receipt by, under-represented groups |
Determine the ethical considerations of vaccine administration |
Establish a mechanism to facilitate coordination and share data between stakeholders |
Human resources and training of professionals |
Establish adequate human resources and financing to provide support |
Training plans in place |
Ensure professional are trained and relevant accreditations are in place |
Ensure support for professionals |