See the published version of this preprint at BMC Nephrology.
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Research article
zhenfeng zheng
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5065-9039
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of most common types of secondary glomerulonephritis, which is characterized by longitudinal pathological changes. Microstructural lesions of LN will impact the motion of water molecules, which can be detected by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). There are few reported measurements of water diffusion in patients with LN, and the nature of water diffusion across the entire depth of the renal parenchyma remains largely unknown.
Methods: Twenty adult patients with LN and 11 healthy volunteers underwent DWI inspection. Renal biopsy samples were characterized based on the revised ISN/RPS 2003 classification. The apparent-diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated via fitting into a mono-exponential model. To compare the ADC level across the entire renal parenchyma between the two groups, repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) was performed. ADC data derived from DWI pictures were transformed into tridimensional maps by MATLAB software.
Results: Compared with data from healthy volunteers, lower average ADC values with major undulatory magnitudes were found in patients with LN, especially in the cortical zone. Tridimensional maps of patients with LN displayed geographic terrain-like canyons and/or valleys that were different from the corresponding terrain-like flatlands and/or plateaus in healthy volunteers. A heterogeneity of ADC values was found in bilateral kidneys. Left kidneys predominated higher ADC values in patients with LN. The ADC values across the entire renal parenchyma exhibited statistically significant differences among the three identified pathological subclasses (P<0.001).
Conclusions: Analysis of the motion of water molecules across the entire renal parenchyma may be helpful for better understanding the pathological conditions of LN, for which microstructural and functional heterogeneity may be detected and visualized via DWI.
Keywords
Lupus nephritis; Diffusion-weighted imaging; Apparent diffusion coefficient; Repeated-measures analysis of variance
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Nephrology.
Version 2
Posted 13 May, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 10 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 04 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 15 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 May, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 07 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 12 Aug, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 08 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 30 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 13 Dec, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 16 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Sep, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Aug, 2019
Editor assigned
On 29 Jul, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 28 Jul, 2019
Editor invited
On 28 Jul, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Urology & Nephrology
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Nephrology.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
zhenfeng zheng
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5065-9039
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Nephrology.
Version 2
Posted 13 May, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 10 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 04 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 15 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 May, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 07 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 12 Aug, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 08 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 30 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 13 Dec, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 16 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Sep, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Aug, 2019
Editor assigned
On 29 Jul, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 28 Jul, 2019
Editor invited
On 28 Jul, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Urology & Nephrology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Nephrology.
Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of most common types of secondary glomerulonephritis, which is characterized by longitudinal pathological changes. Microstructural lesions of LN will impact the motion of water molecules, which can be detected by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). There are few reported measurements of water diffusion in patients with LN, and the nature of water diffusion across the entire depth of the renal parenchyma remains largely unknown.
Methods: Twenty adult patients with LN and 11 healthy volunteers underwent DWI inspection. Renal biopsy samples were characterized based on the revised ISN/RPS 2003 classification. The apparent-diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated via fitting into a mono-exponential model. To compare the ADC level across the entire renal parenchyma between the two groups, repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) was performed. ADC data derived from DWI pictures were transformed into tridimensional maps by MATLAB software.
Results: Compared with data from healthy volunteers, lower average ADC values with major undulatory magnitudes were found in patients with LN, especially in the cortical zone. Tridimensional maps of patients with LN displayed geographic terrain-like canyons and/or valleys that were different from the corresponding terrain-like flatlands and/or plateaus in healthy volunteers. A heterogeneity of ADC values was found in bilateral kidneys. Left kidneys predominated higher ADC values in patients with LN. The ADC values across the entire renal parenchyma exhibited statistically significant differences among the three identified pathological subclasses (P<0.001).
Conclusions: Analysis of the motion of water molecules across the entire renal parenchyma may be helpful for better understanding the pathological conditions of LN, for which microstructural and functional heterogeneity may be detected and visualized via DWI.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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