1. Audet LA, Bourgault P, Rochefort CM. Associations between nurse education and experience and the risk of mortality and adverse events in acute care hospitals: A systematic review of observational studies. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;80:128-146. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.007.
2. Mitchell BG, Gardner A, Stone PW, Hall L et al. Hospital Staffing and Health Care-Associated Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2018;44:613-622. doi:10.1016/j.jcjq.2018.02.002.
3. Aiken LH, Sloane DM, Bruyneel L, Van den Heede K et al. Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries: a retrospective observational study. Lancet. 2014;383:1824-1830. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62631-8.
4. Griffiths P, Recio-Saucedo A, Dall’Ora C, Briggs J et al. The association between nurse staffing and omissions in nursing care: A systematic review. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74:1474-1487. doi:10.1111/jan.13564.
5. Recio-Saucedo A, Dall’Ora C, Maruotti A, Ball J et al. What impact does nursing care left undone have on patient outcomes? Review of the literature. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27:2248-2259. doi:10.1111/jocn.14058.
6. van Oostveen CJ, Mathijssen E, Vermeulen H. Nurse staffing issues are just the tip of the iceberg: a qualitative study about nurses’ perceptions of nurse staffing. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015;52:1300-1309. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.04.002.
7. Fasoli DR, Haddock KS. Results of an integrative review of patient classification systems. Annu Rev Nurs Res. 2010;28:295-316.
8. Driscoll A, Grant MJ, Carroll D, Dalton S et al. The effect of nurse-to-patient ratios on nurse-sensitive patient outcomes in acute specialist units: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2018;17:6-22.
9. Twigg D, Duffield C, Bremner A, Rapley P et al. The impact of the nursing hours per patient day (NHPPD) staffing method on patient outcomes: a retrospective analysis of patient and staffing data. Int J Nurs Stud. 2011;48:540-548. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.07.013.
10. Paulsen RA. Taking nurse staffing research to the unit level. Nurs Manage. 2018;49:42-48. doi:10.1097/01.NUMA.0000538915.53159.b5.
11. Olley R, Edwards I, Avery M, Cooper H. Systematic review of the evidence related to mandated nurse staffing ratios in acute hospitals. Aust Health Rev. 2018doi:10.1071/AH16252.
12. Aiken LH, Sloane DM, Cimiotti JP, Clarke SP et al. Implications of the California nurse staffing mandate for other states. Health Serv Res. 2010;45:904-921. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2010.01114.x.
13. Park SH, Blegen MA, Spetz J, Chapman SA et al. Comparison of Nurse Staffing Measurements in Staffing-Outcomes Research. Med Care. 2015;53:e1-8. doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e318277eb50.
14. Haegdorens F, Van Bogaert P, Roelant E, De Meester K et al. The introduction of a rapid response system in acute hospitals: A pragmatic stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial. Resuscitation. 2018;129:127-134. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.04.018.
15. Cardona-Morrell M, Hillman K. Development of a tool for defining and identifying the dying patient in hospital: Criteria for Screening and Triaging to Appropriate aLternative care (CriSTAL). BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2015;5:78-90. doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000770.
16. Sundararajan V, Henderson T, Perry C, Muggivan A et al. New ICD-10 version of the Charlson comorbidity index predicted in-hospital mortality. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004;57:1288-1294. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.03.012.
17. O’Connell AA, McCoach DB. Applications of hierarchical linear models for evaluations of health interventions: demystifying the methods and interpretations of multilevel models. Eval Health Prof. 2004;27:119-151. doi:10.1177/0163278704264049.
18. West BT. Analyzing longitudinal data with the linear mixed models procedure in SPSS. Eval Health Prof. 2009;32:207-228. doi:10.1177/0163278709338554.
19. Needleman J, Buerhaus P, Pankratz VS, Leibson CL et al. Nurse staffing and inpatient hospital mortality. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1037-1045. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa1001025.
20. Kane RL, Shamliyan TA, Mueller C, Duval S et al. The association of registered nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Care. 2007;45:1195-1204. doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181468ca3.
21. Dall’Ora C, Griffiths P, Redfern O, Recio-Saucedo A et al. Nurses’ 12-hour shifts and missed or delayed vital signs observations on hospital wards: retrospective observational study. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e024778. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024778.
22. Fagerström L, Kinnunen M, Saarela J. Nursing workload, patient safety incidents and mortality: an observational study from Finland. BMJ Open. 2018;8:e016367. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016367.
23. Griffiths P, Maruotti A, Recio Saucedo A, Redfern OC et al. Nurse staffing, nursing assistants and hospital mortality: retrospective longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Qual Saf. 2018doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2018-008043.
24. Kirby KK. Hours per Patient Day: Not the Problem, Nor the Solution. Nurs Econ. 2015;33:64-66.
25. Griffiths P, Ball J, Murrells T, Jones S et al. Registered nurse, healthcare support worker, medical staffing levels and mortality in English hospital trusts: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e008751. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008751.
26. Lahtinen P, Leino-Kilpi H, Salminen L. Nursing education in the European higher education area - variations in implementation. Nurse Educ Today. 2014;34:1040-1047. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2013.09.011.
27. The Institute of Medicine (IOM). The future of nursing: leading change, advancing health. National Academies Press Washington DC; 2011.
28. Lyons PG, Edelson DP, Churpek MM. Rapid Response Systems. Resuscitation. 2018doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.05.013.
29. Jarrar M, Rahman HA, Minai MS, AbuMadini MS et al. The function of patient-centered care in mitigating the effect of nursing shortage on the outcomes of care. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2018;33:e464-e473. doi:10.1002/hpm.2491.
30. Haig S, Day EA. Here’s the NEWS from Belgium…. Resuscitation. 2018;129:A9-A10. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.05.019.