Authors/Year/Setting
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Study Design/Objective
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Exposure/Follow-up
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Intervention
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Key findings
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Quality assessment
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(1) Basinga et. al. (2011)
Rwanda
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Design: Prospective study/Experimental design
Objective: To access the effect of an incentive-based bonus
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Baseline: June-October, 2006
End-line survey: 25 months after
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Financial incentive: Payment for performance (P4P)
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Increase in antenatal care quality, the number of institutional deliveries and. preventive care visits by children, . No improvements in the number of women completing four antenatal care visits and children receiving full immunisation.
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High
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(2) Okoli, U. (2016)
Nigeria
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Design: Evaluation Research/baseline and end line survey
Objective: To assess the potential of using midwives as skilled birth attendants in providing access to maternal health services in rural Nigeria
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Baseline November 2012.Follow-up in August 2014
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Increase in number of facility-based providers
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Increase in new ANC visits, focused antenatal care attendance,births by skilled birth attendants , postnatal visits and the number of women using contraceptive methods.
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High
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(3) Haver et al. (2015)
Rwanda/Nigeria
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Design: Case/control studies
Objective: To review implementation of jhpiego’s programs on engaging community health workers to provide maternal and new-born health services.
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Rwanda: 2010-2011
Nigeria: 2007-2011
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Rwanda: Task-shifting
Nigeria – implementation of community-directed intervention (CDI) to address malaria in pregnancy in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria.
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Rwanda: Increase in the number of pregnant women accompanied to the health centre for care and delivery.
Nigeria: Significant increase in the coverage of IPTp and insecticide-treated nets and prenatal care attendanceIncrease in the proportion of pregnant women taking at least two sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine doses during pregnancy.
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Medium
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(4) Adam, M.B. et al. (2014)
Kenya
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Design: Quasi-experimental non-equivalent comparison group design
Objective: To describe the effectiveness of a volunteer community health worker project.
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2009-2011
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Recruitment of community health volunteers
Intervention was exposure to the CHW delivered health messages
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Increase in MNCH knowledge and the number of women delivering under skilled attendance..
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Medium
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(5) Okoli et al., (2014)
Nigeria
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Evaluation Research/Prospective study
Objective: To examine use of a Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programme to encourage use of critical MNCH services among rural women in Nigeria.
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2012-2014
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Financial incentive: Conditional cash transfer
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Increase in the monthly average number of women attending focused 4 or more ANC visits, number of women receiving two or more Tetanus toxoid doses during pregnancy.
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High
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(6) Samuel, F.O. et al (2016)
Nigeria
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Design: A before and after clinic-based intervention study.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of training on the knowledge, attitudes and provision of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) information.
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Data collected at Baseline-after intervention same day & 4 weeks after
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A 2-day training intervention implemented in PHC facilities using lectures, interactive sessions, group work, quizzes, songs and role play to provide information and training on current global Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF).
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Improvement in health workers’ knowledge of IYCFattitudes and practices of one-on-one individualized infant and young child feeding counseling on
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Medium
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(7) Fotso et al., (2015)
Malawi
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A two-arm quasi-experimental, pre-post design.
Objective: To assesses the impact of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention on uptake of home-based care for new-born and child health, and investigates the extent to which uptake of home-based care resulted in lessened pressure on health facilities for conditions that can be handled at the household level.
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July 2011 and June 2013
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Mhealth: Chipatala cha pa Foni (CCPF) – or Health Centre by Phone.
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Adjusted effects of the intervention shows a large, positive effect on the aggregate home-based care for child health.
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High
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(8) Robertson et al., (2013)
Zimbabwe
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Design: A matched cluster-randomised controlled trial
Objective: To investigate the effects of unconditional cash transfers (UCTs) and conditional cash transfers (CCTs) on birth registration, vaccination uptake, and school attendance in children in Zimbabwe.
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2009-2011
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Financial incentive: Unconditional and conditional cash transfers
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Increase in the proportion of children aged 0–4 years with birth certificates, and complete vaccination records
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High
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(9) Ordinioha & Seiyefa (2013)
Nigeria
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Design: Before-and-after design
Objective: To highlight the experience of a PHC facility in south-south Nigeria, in encouraging the utilization of its maternity service
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2007-2008
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A community education for traditional rulers, women groups, religious organisations and traditional birth attendants.. Implementation of upfront collection of a delivery fee equivalent to the average charges by TBAs and less than the fee for normal delivery in a teaching hospital.
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Antenatal registration and ANC-Delivery ratio increased.
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Medium
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(10) Mushi (2014)
Tanzania
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Design: Evaluation study (survey)
Objective: To assess the impact of a community health fund (CHF), a cost-sharing programme on quality of care, attendance and utilization of PHC services as the CHF improves.
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2000-2003
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Cost-Sharing
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The quality of primary health care improved. Attendance by all categories of clients for MCH care almost doubled andunder-5 mortality declined in one district.
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Medium
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(11) Cox, Mpofu, Berg & Rode (2006)
South Africa
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Design: Descriptive and prospective study – case extraction from patients files
Objective: To evaluate the role of a paediatric surgical consultant at a CHC
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2001-2005
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Introduction of sub-specialty service (paediatric surgical clinic) at the primary health care level.
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Increase in the number of children treated, correct diagnosis, appropriate referrals, and cases managed appropriately at the PHC clinics.
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Medium
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(12) Karim et al., (2013)
Ethiopia
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Design: Prospective study using before-and-after surveys
Objective: To report an analysis of the effectiveness of the Health Extension Program to improve maternal and new-born health care knowledge and practices at scale..
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2008-2010
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Recruitment and training of young local women with high school education, as Health Extension workers (HEWs) to train volunteer community health promoters (CHPs)
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Between 2008 and 2010, median program intensity score increased 2.4-fold. Odds of receiving antenatal care, birth preparedness, postnatal care and initiation of breastfeeding immediately after birth increased.
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High
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(13) Lund et al. (2014)
Zanzibar,Tanzania
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Design: Cluster randomized, controlled trial
Objective: To evaluate the association between a mobile phone intervention and perinatal mortality in a resource-limited setting.
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2009-2010
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mHealth: An automated short message service (SMS) system
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Lower perinatal mortality in the intervention sites, reduction in in stillbirth and death within the first 42 days of life.
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Medium
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(14) Lund et al (2014)
Zanzibar,Tanzania
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Design: cluster-randomized controlled trial
Objective: To evaluate the association between a mobile phone intervention “wired mothers” and antenatal care in Zanzibar.
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2009-2010
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mHealth: Same as above
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Increase in antenatal care attendance and improved timing and quality of antenatal care services.
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High
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(15) Mushi et al. (2010)
Tanzania
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Design: Pre-post comparison of the same group
Objective: To describe and analyse the process and the effectiveness of a community-based intervention package for Safe Motherhood
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2004-2006
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Training of safe motherhood promoters (SMP), home visits, to educate pregnant women and their husbands and key community members, follow-up of pregnant mothers.
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Deliveries with skilled attendant, and early ANC booking increased significantly.
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High
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(16) August et al (2016)
Tanzania
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Design: A quasi-experimental study (non-equivalent group)
Objective: To evaluate the effect of HBLSS training in the community on male involvement in maternal health in a rural area
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2012-2014
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Health workers trained to use Home Based Life-Saving Skills by community health workers. (HBLSS). The health workers then trained community health workers (CHWs)
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The proportion of men accompanying their wives to antenatal and delivery improved. Shared decision-making for place of delivery improved markedly.
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High
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(17) Sibley et al., (2014)
Ethiopia
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Design: Uncontrolled before/after study design (surveys)
Objective: To describe the extent to which the Maternal Health in Ethiopia Partnership (MaNHEP) project’s objectives were met
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Baseline survey June-Sept 2010
End line May-August 2012
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1) A Community Maternal and New-born Health (CMNH) training program 2) Continuous quality improvement through Quality improvement teams 3) Behaviour change communication
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Improved capacity and confidence of health workers.
Significant increases in the proportion of women who received antenatal care, andwomen and new-borns who received postnatal care. The use of family and other unskilled providers decreased. Improved perinatal survival.
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High
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(18) Doherty et al (2009)
South Africa
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Design: Descriptive
Objective: To present results of a participatory intervention to improve an integrated PMTCT programme in a rural district in South Africa
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2007-2008
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Use of routine data for problem identification, target setting and monitoring for HIV, PMTCT, maternal and child health (MCH).
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Coverage of CD4 testing increased from 40 to 97%, uptake of maternal nevirapine from 57 to 96%, uptake of infant nevirapine from 15 to 68% and six week PCR testing from 24 to 68%.
|
Medium
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(19) Brazier et al. (2009)
Burkina Faso
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Design: Baseline and endline population-based surveys
Objective: To present results of a three-year maternal health intervention aimed at influencing access to skilled maternity care during childbirth
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2003-2006
|
.
Facility intervention included improving the quality, availability, and accessibility of routine and emergency obstetric care (EMOC). Community-level interventions focused on increasing women’s information about services.
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A large increase in the per cent of births in health facilities in the intervention district; increase in delivery by skilled attendant compared to the comparison district.
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High
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(20) Bello et al (2016)
Nigeria
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Design: quasi-experimental
Case-control study
Objective: To measure the effect of supportive supervision of PHC workers in malaria case management for under-5 children.
|
12 weeks
|
Local Government supervisors were trained on supportive supervision. They carried out supportive supervision in the intervention sites while the traditional supervisory method continued in the control sites.
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Significant increase in knowledge of malaria, referral to a secondary facility, correct adherence to guidelines, eliciting of symptoms of malaria from a sick child, and treatment and dosing of patients.
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Medium
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(21) Suh, Moreira & Ly (2007)
Senegal
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Design: Evaluation study
Objective: To assess how formative supervision affected service quality and community involvement in improving quality of service
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2003-2005
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A program of formative supervision which uses observation emphasizing problem-solving approach
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Improvement in technical competence in infection prevention, skills in family planning consultation, management of staff and services, record-keeping, and community involvement.
|
Medium
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(22) Singh et al (2016)
Uganda
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Design: Pair-matched cluster randomized trial
Objective: To determine if supportive supervision would improve retention rates, numbers of home visits related to pregnant women and new-born babies, and improve specific outcomes related to hygiene.
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2014-2015
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Community Health workers were recruited and trained to supervise the Community Health Volunteers
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More functioning tippy taps. in the intervention villages than in control villages..
Visits to pregnant women by CHVs increased. Visits to new-borns improved.
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High
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(23) Pence et al., 2005
Ghana
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Design: Community-randomized controlled experiment
Objective: To examine the impact of Community Health and Family Planning Project (CHFP) on under-five mortality.
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Baseline was 1994 and end line 2000
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Training, establishment of a village health committee to appoint and oversee male health volunteers, re-assignment of nurses from sub-district clinics to serve in the community.
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Decrease in under-5mortality
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High
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(24) Nsibande et al
2013
South Africa
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Design: Cluster-randomised controlled trial
Objective: To develop, evaluate and cost an integrated and scalable home visit package delivered by CHWs.
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2008-2011
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CHWs visited mothers and new-borns during the last trimester of pregnancy and during the early postnatal period to deliver a package relating to maternal and child health.
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Increase in referrals and high compliance with CHW
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High
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(25) Magoma et al 2013
Tanzania
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Design: A cluster-randomized trial
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of birth plan in increasing use of skilled care at delivery and for postnatal care
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Dec 2008- August 2009
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Introduction and promotion of birth plans during ANC to prepare women and their families for birth and complication readiness.
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Skilled delivery and postnatal care in the first month of delivery was higher in the intervention units than in the control .
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High
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