This article primarily focuses on the finite-time fault-tolerant tracking control problem of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems. A simple cubic form of the Lyapunov function is employed, which avoids the limitations imposed by the previous absolute value form. Additionally, the command filter technology and a disturbance observer are introduced. The former effectively addresses the challenges of complex coupling matrix differentiation during controller design, while the latter approximates unknown disturbance terms in the model. Moreover, the application of an event-triggered strategy enhances the utilization of communication resources. The overall approach combines the backstepping method and finite-time Lyapunov stability to prove the finite-time stability of all the signals in the system. Finally, the effectiveness and rationality of the algorithm are verified through simulation experiments and its application on an actual simulation platform