Table1. Clinical features of patients with COVID-19
|
Total
(N=139)
|
Non-severe
(N=46)
|
Severe
(N=93)
|
P Value
|
Age (year),median (IQR)
|
60.0(47.0-69.0)
|
48.0(34.0-63.0)
|
62.0(53.0-69.0)
|
<0.001
|
sex
|
|
|
|
|
female
|
67(48%)
|
27(59%)
|
40(43%)
|
0.059
|
male
|
72(52%)
|
19(41%)
|
53(57%)
|
Chronic comorbidities
|
76(55%)
|
11(24%)
|
65(70%)
|
<0.001
|
Hypertension
|
42(30%)
|
7(15%)
|
35(38%)
|
0.005
|
Diabetes
|
21(15%)
|
1(2%)
|
20(22%)
|
0.001
|
Coronary artery disease
|
16(12%)
|
3(7%)
|
13(14%)
|
0.26
|
COPD
|
23(17%)
|
3(7%)
|
20(22%)
|
0.029
|
other
|
12(9%)
|
3(7%)
|
9(10%)
|
0.57
|
Treatment
|
|
|
|
|
Glucocorticoid therapy
|
22(16%)
|
2(4%)
|
20(22%)
|
0.012
|
Antiviral treatment
|
82(59%)
|
32(70%)
|
50(54%)
|
0.10
|
Antibiotic therapy
|
45(32%)
|
10(22%)
|
35(38%)
|
0.082
|
Oxygen therapy
|
139(100%)
|
46(100%)
|
93(100%)
|
1
|
Traditional Chinese medicine
therapy
|
139(100%)
|
46(100%)
|
93(100%)
|
1
|
WBC (×109/L)
|
5.6(2.9-8.6)
|
4.98(3.3-6.3)
|
5.9(3.0-8.7)
|
0.062
|
<4
|
39(28%)
|
15(32%)
|
24(26%)
|
0.62
|
4-10
|
96(69%)
|
30(65%)
|
66(71%)
|
...
|
>10
|
4(3%)
|
1(2%)
|
3(3%)
|
...
|
Lymphocyte count(×109/L)
|
1.01(0.77-1.4)
|
1.2(0.94-1.6)
|
0.93(0.60-1.3)
|
0.001
|
<0.8
|
39(28%)
|
6(13%)
|
33(35%)
|
0.004
|
Anemia
|
10(7%)
|
4(9%)
|
6(6%)
|
0.43
|
ESR (mm/h)
|
38.5(21.8-60.5)
|
39.1(26.2-56.4)
|
38.5(20.8-64)
|
0.349
|
Hs-CRP (mg/L)
|
26.8(5.1-46.4)
|
5.05(1.4-27.25)
|
35.1(12.8-60.1)
|
<0.001
|
<10
|
56(40%)
|
28(61%)
|
28(30%)
|
<0.001
|
10-50
|
53(38%)
|
16(35%)
|
37(40%)
|
...
|
>50
|
30(22%)
|
2(4%)
|
28(30%)
|
<0.001
|
PT (s)
|
12.0(11.3-12.6)
|
10.9(11.6-12.3)
|
12.2(11.6-13.1)
|
0.052
|
>16
|
7(5%)
|
1(2%)
|
6(6%)
|
0.26
|
D-dimer (μg/mL)
|
0.5(0.08-1.4)
|
0.20(0.01-0.57)
|
0.67(0.15-1.80)
|
0.035
|
>0.5
|
47(34%)
|
9(20%)
|
38(41%)
|
0.009
|
CK( U/L)
|
60(35.5-133)
|
54(34-120)
|
61(37-155)
|
0.78
|
LDH (U/L)
|
243(194-314)
|
212(162-266)
|
274(219-369)
|
0.01
|
>250
|
41(29%)
|
11(24%)
|
30(32%)
|
0.33
|
Creatinine (>110μmol/L)
|
7(5%)
|
1(2%)
|
6(6%)
|
0.43
|
ALT (U/L)
|
24(18-46)
|
19.5(14-28)
|
27(20-54)
|
<0.001
|
>50U/L
|
22(16%)
|
3(6%)
|
19(20%)
|
0.026
|
Hs-TNT (ng/mL)
|
0.004(0.00-0.015)
|
0.004(0.00-0.008)
|
0.005(0.00-0.021)
|
0.166
|
PCT (ng/mL)
|
0.03(0.01-0.04)
|
0.029(0.01-0.04)
|
0.03(0.02-0.045)
|
0.316
|
CT positive
|
|
|
|
|
Bilateral lungs
|
114(82%)
|
28(61%)
|
86(92%)
|
<0.001
|
Abbreviations: COPD, Chronic obstructive lung disease; WBC, white blood cell count; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; hs-CRP, hypersensitive C-reactive protein; PT, prothrombin time; CK creatine kinase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ALT, alanine transaminase; hs-TNT, high-sensitivity troponin T; PCT, procalcitonin.
Data are median (IQR), n (%), or n/N (%). P values were calculated by Mann-Whitney U test, χ² test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.
Table 2. Risk factors associated with severe cases of COVID-19 patients
|
Univariate analysis
|
Multivariate analysis
|
|
OR (95% CI)
|
P value
|
OR (95% CI)
|
P value
|
Age (<65 years vs ≥65 years)
|
2.72(1.21-6.12)
|
0.015
|
...
|
...
|
Chronic comorbidities(yes vs no)
|
7.39(3.28-16.60)
|
<0.001
|
11.48(4.44-29.66)
|
<0.001
|
Hypertension
|
3.36(1.36-8.33)
|
0.005
|
...
|
...
|
Diabetes
|
12.33(1.59-95.05)
|
0.01
|
...
|
...
|
COPD
|
3.92(1.10-13.99)
|
0.006
|
...
|
...
|
Coronary artery disease
|
2.07(0.42-10.17)
|
0.26
|
...
|
...
|
Lymphocyte count((<0.8×109/L vs ≥0.8×109/L)
|
3.67(1.41-9.55)
|
0.038
|
...
|
...
|
Hs-CRP (mg/L)
|
|
|
...
|
...
|
<10 vs ≥10
|
3.61(1.72-7.57)
|
0.001
|
4.77(1.92-11.87)
|
0.001
|
<50 vs ≥50
|
9.48(2.15-41.83)
|
0.003
|
...
|
...
|
D-dimer (<0.5μg/mL vs≥0.5μg/mL )
|
2.84(1.23-6.56)
|
0.015
|
...
|
...
|
ALT(<50U/L vs ≥50U/L)
|
3.68(1.03-13.11)
|
0.045
|
6.87(1.56-30.21)
|
0.011
|
Abbreviations: COPD, Chronic obstructive lung disease; hs-CRP, hypersensitive C-reactive protein; ALT, alanine transaminase.