3.1. Descriptive Analysis of Demographic Information
Of those surveyed, 52% were women, and 48% were men. Since females are typically involved in plant conservation, it is known that household sex has an impact on the management of plant species in home gardens.In vital statistics, censuses, and surveys, age is a key demographic characteristic that serves as the main foundation for demographic classification (URT,2005c).In terms of age, the majority of participants were within the 46–55 age range (Table 1)
Table 1
Demographic characters of the Respondents
Variables
|
Sex
|
Frequency
|
Percentage
|
Age
|
25—35 years
|
M
|
6
|
16.9
|
F
|
6
|
36—45 years
|
M
|
8
|
25.4
|
F
|
10
|
46—55 years
|
M
|
11
|
31.0
|
F
|
11
|
Above 56 years
|
M
|
9
|
26.7
|
F
|
10
|
Educational Level
|
Illiterate
|
M
|
4
|
15.49
|
F
|
7
|
Primary(1–4)
|
M
|
6
|
21.12
|
F
|
9
|
Junior (5–8)
|
M
|
4
|
14.08
|
F
|
6
|
Secondary(9–12)
|
M
|
12
|
29.57
|
F
|
9
|
Above high school
|
M
|
10
|
19.71
|
F
|
4
|
3.2. Management Practices of Home gardens in Goba District
"Eddo" is the local term for "home garden" in the research area. The locals have created a basic framework for household gardens that is quite flexible and diverse, making it easier to produce the main needs for survival. In the home gardens of the Goba District, several management approaches are used, which explains their traditional expertise. Their traditional gardens now have a high diversity of plant species because to these initiatives. The study area's home gardens have a variety of plants that are chosen based on the family's needs and tastes. In order to meet their short- or long-term needs, the majority of plant species in the research region were grown legally in gardens and used as food sources and commercial products.
Some of the home garden owners in the study region claim that most of them produce vegetables by getting water and watering their plants at least once a week during the rainy season of the year and during periods of water scarcity. According to what several home garden owners have said, maintaining the ecological system and making the garden sustainable are all benefits of continual plant production. To make organic fertilizer and manures, household wastes (kitchen wastes and ashes), agricultural leftovers, and weeds from home gardens were combined.
One may see open spaces in home gardens that were either semi-enclosed or fenced. The more commonly observed management approach involved live fences with trees and bushes to keep home garden plants safe from predators. In several places, residential gardens are fenced in together with crop fields. The family members divided up the work in order to manage the household gardens. Women play more roles than men, as was noted during the survey and discussed with informants. When it came to weeding, watering, and planting, for example, women were more involved than men were in certain situations (e.g. fence). There is evidence in the literature that men are more adept at pruning and hard labor, such as clearing land, than women are at hoeing, weeding, and harvesting. This is supported by Tchatat et al. (1996) in Cameroon, Regalement et al. (1994) in Tanzania, and Bennett et al. (2004) in Ghana. The majority of elderly people's time was spent tending to their home gardens in the study region. Instead of using the removed weeds to prepare compost, some gardeners pulled the weeds, including the roots, to burn or place in pits. The practice of certain gardeners to regularly weep and burn the trash layer contributed to the degradation of the soil quality.
3.3 Diversity of Species in Home gardens
A vast range of plants, from tiny herbs to towering trees, are commonly found in home gardens. 67 plant species, grouped into 31families, were identified from 71 home gardens that were surveyed during this study. With seven species, Poaceae is the most prominent family according to the family wise distribution. With six species, Solanaceae and Febaceae are the second dominant family; Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, and Rosaceae are the third dominant family with five species each.
Table 2
Diversity of Species in Home gardens of Goba District
Family name
|
Data collection area/ kebeles/
|
Frequency
|
Rank
|
Alloshe
|
Ititu sura
|
Waltayi Aziza
|
Waltayi Tosha
|
Ashuta
|
Acanthaeae
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
6
|
Anacardiaceae
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
6
|
Amaryllidaceae
|
1
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
3
|
4
|
Arecaceae
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
6
|
Apiaceae
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
Asteraceae
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
3
|
Brassicaceae
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
3
|
Cactaceae
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
6
|
Casuarinaceae
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
6
|
Celastraceae
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
|
2
|
5
|
Cucurbitaceae
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
6
|
Cupressaceae
|
|
|
1
|
1
|
|
2
|
5
|
Chenopodiaceae
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
6
|
Cyperaceae
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
Eurphorbiaceae
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
Fabaceae
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
6
|
2
|
Lamiaceae
|
1
|
1
|
|
1
|
|
3
|
4
|
Lauraceae
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
Moraceae
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
Musaceae
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
6
|
Myrtaceae
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
|
2
|
5
|
Oleaceae
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
6
|
Phytolaccaceae
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
6
|
Poaceae
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
7
|
1
|
Rhamnaceae
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
6
|
Rosaceae
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
3
|
Rutaceae
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
6
|
Solanaceae
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
2
|
Urticaceae
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
Verbenaceae
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
6
|
Total
|
19
|
13
|
11
|
9
|
15
|
67
|
|
The results shown in Graph 3 show that Alloshe had the highest Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H') of useful plant species (H' = 2.94), followed by Ashuta (H' = 3.71), Ititu Sura (H' = 2.64), Waltayi Azira (H' = 2.48), and Waltayi Tosha (H' = 2.30) (Table 5).In terms of species behavior, among the 67 plant species that were collected, 37 were herbaceous (or 55% of the species), 16 were tree species (or 24%), 13 were shrub species (19%), and 1 was a climber (or 2%). Table 3.In a similar vein, Tefera Mekonen (2010) documented the same instance while researching the habitat species in Sebeta Hawas' home garden agro diverse in the Oromia Region. Waltayi Tosha home gardens had the lowest diversity index value, indicating that just a small number of plant species were common.
Table 3
Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H'), habitat and uses plants for the study sites
Study Site
|
Species Richness
|
Shannon diversity
Index
|
Plant
Types
|
Number
of plants
|
Percentage
(%)
|
Uses of plant
|
Percentage
(%)
|
Waltayi Azira
|
12
|
2.48
|
Herbs
|
37
|
55%
|
Medicinal
|
34%
|
Alloshe
|
19
|
2.94
|
Trees
|
16
|
24%
|
Food
|
31%
|
Ititu Sura
|
14
|
2.64
|
Shrubs
|
13
|
19%
|
Other uses
|
35%
|
Waltayi Tosha
|
10
|
2.30
|
Climber
|
1
|
2%
|
|
|
Ashuta
|
15
|
2.71
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the research region, home gardens consist of various types of trees, shrubs, herbs, climbing plants, and food crops. Top tree species used by the locals for building, fencing, firewood, and other purposes are Cupressus lusitanica Mill, Juniperus procera Hochst. Ex Endl, Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Erythrina brucei Schweinf, and Eucalypyus camaldulensis Dehnh.Food sources include Vicia faba L., Zea mays L., Solanum tuberosum L., and Brassica oleracea L.; medications include Ruta chalepensis, Lippia adoensis varadoensis, and Rhamnus ptinoides. As indicated in table 2 the documented plant species show that 34% of the plants were medical, 31% were food, and the remaining 35% were all other plants. Zemede A. et al. (1995) reported a similar outcome, observing in home gardens a wide variety of species (162), of which 78% were food crops. During the survey, typical garden crops (52%) were documented, followed by traditional field crops (22%) and those grown in both configurations (27%).
3.4. Nutrition supply from home gardens
The study area is home to grown food-producing plants that are accessible throughout the year. However, during the major rainy season, which runs from May to October, there are greater quantities of nutrient-supplying home garden items available. According to what informants said throughout the interview process, families that garden at home and have expertise growing a variety of plants are unaware of the nutritional value of fruits and vegetables. Thus, it's important to raise awareness and educate people about the nutritional advantages of growing food in a home garden. There are additional plant species that the locals frequently use as food and medicine (nutraceuticals) as a means of preparing to treat health issues and Table 3 presents a paired comparison of five nutraceutical plants as stated by key informants.
According to key informants, the five commonly consumed food crops were chosen by consensus and by identifying the species that are most frequently encountered. Each species' ratings based on the preferences of the informants were totaled and graded. As a result, Brassica oleraceae (score 3) was the least favored food crop, whereas Allium sativum L (ranked first, score 36) was the most (Table 4).Nutritional value of food served as the basis for this preference value.
Table 4 presents paired comparisons for five specific nutraceutical species found in the study area's home gardens.
Orders
|
Species name
|
Respondents
|
1
|
Allium sativum L
|
8
|
MalussyluestrisMill.
|
6
|
2
|
Allium sativum.L.
|
10
|
Solanumtuberosum L
|
4
|
3
|
Allium sativum L.
|
7
|
Viciafaba L.
|
7
|
4
|
Allium sativum
|
11
|
Brassica oleraceae
|
3
|
5
|
M.syluestris miller
|
6
|
S.tuberosum L
|
8
|
6
|
M. syluestris Miller
|
6
|
Viciafaba L.
|
8
|
7
|
Malussyluestris miller
|
13
|
Brassica oleraceae
|
1
|
8
|
SolanumtuberosumL.
|
8
|
Vicia faba
|
6
|
9
|
S.tuberosum
|
13
|
B. oleraceae
|
1
|
10
|
Vicia.faba
|
12
|
Brassica. Oleraceae
|
2
|
Table 5 Total scores and ranks of table 4
![](https://myfiles.space/user_files/122228_c8a1650c59388082/122228_custom_files/img1708054385.png)
3.5. Preference ranking home garden species
Table 6 enumerates the plant species that are commonly found in home gardens within the study area, exhibit local demand, and are utilized in the data analysis's preference ranking. The range of plant species available for home gardens in the study area greatly enhanced the nutritional and economic status of the residents. The seven most typically used species of home garden plants were selected by consensus among key informants, as they were also the most frequently reported species. The informants' scores for each species were added up and assigned a grade depending on their preferences. Consequently, Allium sativum was ranked #1 while Juniperus procera was the least preferred species among plants for home gardens.
Table 6
Simple Preference ranking of frequently encountered plant species on general value
Species name
|
Total respondents
|
Rank
|
Remark
|
Allium sativumL.
|
88
|
1
|
|
Vicia faba L.
|
81
|
2
|
|
Solanum tuberosum L.
|
80
|
3
|
|
Brassica oleraceaL.
|
52
|
4
|
|
Daucus carota L.
|
47
|
5
|
|
Eucalyptus globulus Labill.
|
23
|
6
|
|
Juniperus procera Hochst.exEndl.
|
20
|
7
|
|
3.4. Direct matrix ranking
Seven tree species were found in sampling home gardens; these species serve a variety of purposes, such as construction, medicine, fencing, shade, and furniture. Based on the chosen use criteria of each plant, as described during the ethno botanical data collection, a direct matrix ranking was calculated for these species. Table 7 presents the entire results of fourteen key informants, summing together the scores of each plant.
The species were selected based on the consensus of informants. As a result, Cupresus lustanica was the least desired multipurpose plant species, with a total score of 413, placing it first, followed by E. camadulensis, which came in second with a total score of 400. The greatest scores went to E. globules for construction and medicine, E. camaldulensis for the fence and firewood, and J. procera for furnishings. This result is consistent with the findings of Nair et al. (2018), who demonstrated the vast species diversity seen in gardens. These species include food crops, ornamentals, fruit trees, medicinal plants, multipurpose trees, and fodder species, and they serve a range of ecosystem services. Persia americana and Mangifera indica are two examples of fruit trees that are predominantly used for food, according to Ewuketu (2014). This is especially true during difficult drought conditions. They serve as a sign of the farmers' reliance on HGAF for both cash income and food in North Western Ethiopia.
Table 7
The score for direct matrix ranking of five tree plant species uses
Species name
|
Uses of tree plant species
|
Rank
|
Const
Ruction
|
Medicine
|
Shade
|
Fire wood
|
Furniture
|
Fence
|
Total
|
|
Eucalyptus globules Labill
|
71
|
70
|
68
|
69
|
67
|
68
|
413
|
1
|
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh
|
70
|
59
|
68
|
70
|
64
|
70
|
400
|
2
|
Olea europaea L. Subsp cuspidat (wall,exG,Don)cif ‘’L’’divicotore
|
68
|
54
|
66
|
69
|
68
|
69
|
394
|
3
|
Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endle
|
70
|
54
|
68
|
61
|
70
|
70
|
393
|
4
|
Cupresus lusitanica Mill. abyssinica(Cupresulusitanic Mill.
|
62
|
56
|
63
|
56
|
69
|
56
|
362
|
5
|
3.4.2. Frequency, Relative frequency and Density
The species with the highest densities were determined to be Daucuscarota (0.69 m2), A. sativum (0.401 m2), and Vicia faba (0.325 m2). B. oleraceae showed the highest frequency (88.73) and relative frequency (14.79). According to Graph 5, A. sativum exhibited the second-highest frequency (80.28) and relative frequency (13.37). According to Megabit Beyene et al. (2018), the home gardens in Dobina Enkonti (λ = 0.226) were dominated by a smaller number of species than those in Baruda (λ = 0.095), Baphirina Mata (λ = 0.095), Bulen 01 (λ = 0.096), and Morana Ekosaki (λ = 0.137).
Table 8
Frequency, relative frequency and density species
Species name
|
Frequency
|
Relative frequency
|
Density
|
Brassica oleraceae L.
|
88.73
|
14.79
|
0.177
|
Allium sativum
|
80.28
|
13.37
|
0.401
|
Vicia faba L.
|
73.23
|
12.21
|
0.325
|
Solanum tuberosum L
|
69
|
11.5
|
0.144
|
Zea Mays
|
63.38
|
10.55
|
0.242
|
Allium porrum L.
|
60.56
|
10.09
|
0.100
|
Daucus.carota
|
45.07
|
7.50
|
0.69
|
Rosmarinum offlicinalish L.
|
38.02
|
6.33
|
0.015
|
Total
|
518.27
|
86.34
|
2.094
|
Table 9
.Part of Home garden plant species and their function
Collection
Number
|
Scientific names
|
Family
|
Local name
|
Habit
|
Part of use
|
Function
|
035
|
Justicia schimperiana T.Anderson
|
Acanthaeae
|
Sensela
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Spice, medicine
|
021
|
Schinus molle L.
|
Anacardiaceae
|
Qunde barbare
|
Tree
|
Seed
|
Medicine,spice
|
018
|
Daucuscarota L.
|
Apiaceae
|
Kaarota
|
Herb
|
Root
|
Food
|
028
|
Allium cepa L.
|
Amaryllidaceae
|
Shinkurt diima
|
Herb
|
Bulb
|
Spice,
|
042
|
A.porrum L.
|
Amaryllidaceae
|
Alangalle
|
Herb
|
Root
|
Spice
|
05
|
A. sativumL.
|
Amaryllidaceae
|
Qullubii adii
|
Herb
|
Bulb
|
Medicine, spice
|
049
|
Coriandrum sativum L.
|
Apiaceae
|
Dimbilal
|
Herb
|
Seed
|
Spice
|
059
|
Phoenix reclinata Jacq
|
Arecaceae
|
Zenbaba
|
Tree
|
Leaf
|
shade,ornamental
|
052
|
Guizotiascabra (vis.) Chiov.
|
Astraceae
|
Hadaa
|
Herb
|
Leaf.,flower
|
Ornamental,forage
|
043
|
Artemisia absinthium L.
|
Asteraceae
|
Arritii
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Ornamental, medicine
|
065
|
Helianthus annuus L
|
Asteraceae
|
Suf
|
Herb
|
Seed
|
Food
|
066
|
Lactuca saltiva L.
|
Asteraceae
|
Selata
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Food
|
09
|
Vernonia amygdalina Del
|
Asteraceae
|
Ebbicha
|
Shurb
|
Leaf,stem
|
Forage,medicine,fence
|
045
|
Brassica oleraceae L. var. Capitata
|
Brassicaceae
|
Goommana maramaa
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Food
|
046
|
Brassica carinataA.Broun
|
Brassicaceae
|
Yeguaro gomen
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Food
|
017
|
Brassica oleraceae L.
|
Brassicaceae
|
Goommana guraacha
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Food
|
011
|
Brassica rapa L.
|
Brassicaceae
|
Qosxaa
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Food,
|
029
|
Lepidium sativumL.
|
Brassicaceae
|
Fetto
|
Herb
|
Seed
|
Medicine
|
030
|
Casuarina equisetifolia L.
|
Casuarinaceae
|
Shewshawe
|
Tree
|
Leaf
|
Pleasure,fence
|
060
|
Opuntia ficus-indica(L.) Mill.
|
Cactaceae
|
Qulqaal
|
Shurb
|
Fruit
|
Food,fence
|
012
|
Catha edulis (Vahl). Forssk .ex Endl
|
Celastraceae
|
Caatii
|
Shrub
|
Leaf
|
Stimulant
|
015
|
Maytenus senegalensis(Lam.)Exell
|
Celastraceae
|
Kombolcha
|
Shrub
|
Leaf,stem
|
Fence,fire wood
|
032
|
Juniperus proceraHochst. Ex Endl.
|
Cupressaceae
|
Hindhesa Habasha
|
Tree
|
Stem
|
Fence, fire wood, shade, furniture
|
023
|
Cucurbita pepoL.
|
Cucurbitaceae
|
Dubbaa
|
Climber
|
Fruit,seed
|
Food,medicine
|
031
|
Cupressus lusitanisca Mill.
|
Cupressaceae
|
Hindheessa faranijji
|
Tree
|
Leaf,stem
|
Fence,construction,furniture,fire wood
|
044
|
Beta vulgaris L.
|
Chenopodiaceae
|
Hundee diimaa
|
Herb
|
Root
|
Food
|
050
|
Cyperus squarrosus L.
|
Cyperaceae
|
Ketema
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Pleaure,Shade
|
051
|
Euphorbia abyssinica J.F.Gmel.
|
Eurporbiaceae
|
Adamii
|
Tree
|
Stem
|
Fence
|
04
|
Ricinus communis L.
|
Eurphorbiaceae
|
Qobboo
|
Tree
|
Fruit
|
Medicine,shade,fence
|
047
|
Calpurnia aurea (Ait.) Benth.
|
Fabaceae
|
Ceekaa
|
Shrub
|
Leaf,Stem
|
Medicine,fence
|
01
|
Erythrina bruceiSchweinf.
|
Fabaceae
|
Walensaa
|
Tree
|
Stem
|
Fence,shade,fire wood
|
057
|
Pisum sativum L.
|
Fabaceae
|
Atera
|
Herb
|
Seed
|
Food
|
053
|
Trigonellafoenum-graecumL.
|
Fabaceae
|
Abish
|
Herb
|
Seed
|
Food,Spice,medicine
|
02
|
Vicia faba L.
|
Fabaceae
|
Baqqella
|
Herb
|
Seed,leaf
|
Food,forage
|
019
|
Ocimum basilicum L.
|
Lamiaceae
|
Besobila
|
Herb
|
Seed
|
Spice
|
038
|
Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst.ex Benth
|
Lamiaceae
|
Damakese
|
Shrub
|
Leaf
|
Medicine
|
058
|
Persea americanaL.
|
Lauraceae
|
Abukado
|
Tree
|
Fruit
|
Food,shade
|
056
|
Rosmarinus offlcinalis L.
|
Lamiaceae
|
Siga-metibesha
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Spice
|
062
|
Morus alba L.
|
Moraceae
|
Gora
|
Herb
|
Fruit
|
Food,fence
|
027
|
Enset ventricosum(Wolw) Cheesman
|
Musaceae
|
Warqee
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Shades,for making of bread
Forage
|
016
|
Eucalyptus globulus Labill
|
Myrtaceae
|
Baargamo adii
|
Tree
|
Leaf,stem
|
Medicine,fence,shade,construction, furniture, fire wood
|
033
|
E.camaldulensis Dehnh
|
Myrtaceae
|
Baargamo diima
|
Tree
|
Leaf,stem
|
Fence,shade,fire wood
|
010
|
Olea europaea L.subsp.cuspidata (Wall. & G.Don) Cif.
|
Oleaceae
|
Ejersa
|
Tree
|
Leaf.stem,root
|
Shade,fence
|
067
|
Phytolacca dodecandra L.
|
Phytolaccaceae
|
Endod
|
Shurb
|
Leaf
|
Medicine
|
013
|
Zea maysL.
|
Poaceae
|
Boqqolloo
|
Herb
|
Seed,leaf
|
Food,forage
|
061
|
Pennisetum puppureum Schumach
|
Poaceae
|
Elephant grass
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Forage
|
064
|
Hordeum vulgare L.
|
Poaceae
|
Garbuu
|
Herb
|
Seed,leaf
|
Food,forage
|
037
|
Cymbopogon citratus Stapf
|
Poaceae
|
Tej sar
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Medicine,ornamental,spice
|
039
|
Cynodondactylon (L.)Pers.
|
Poaceae
|
Sardoo
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Forage
|
08
|
Arundo donax L.
|
Poaceae
|
Shamboko
|
Herb
|
Stem
|
Fence
|
034
|
Arachne racemosaOhwi
|
Poaceae
|
Coqorsa
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Forage
|
06
|
Rhamnus prinoides L Herit
|
Rhamnaceae
|
Geeshoo
|
Shurb
|
Leaf,seed
|
Medicine
|
063
|
Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.
|
Rosaceae
|
Apple
|
Tree
|
Fruit
|
Food
|
07
|
Prunus persica(L.) Batsch
|
Rosaceae
|
Kookii
|
Shrub
|
Fruit
|
Food,Shade
|
025
|
Rosa abyssinica R.Br.
|
Rosaceae
|
Qaga
|
Shrub
|
Fruit
|
Food,fence
|
022
|
Rosa hybridaHort.
|
Rosaceae
|
Tsigereda
|
Shurb
|
Flower
|
Shade,ornamental
|
055
|
Ruta chalepensisL.
|
Rutaceae
|
Tena-adam
|
Shurb
|
Leaf,seed
|
Spice,medicine
|
014
|
Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F.Gmel.
|
Rosaceae
|
Heexoo
|
Tree
|
Stem,fruit
|
Medicine
|
026
|
Nicotiana tabacumL.
|
Solanaceae
|
Timboo
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Medicine,forage
|
020
|
Solanum lycopersicum L.
|
Solanaceae
|
Timatim
|
Herb
|
Fruit
|
Food
|
03
|
Solanum tuberosum L.
|
Solanaceae
|
Dinnicha
|
Herb
|
Root
|
Food,spice
|
054
|
Solanum incanum L.
|
Solanaceae
|
Hiddii loonii
|
Shrub
|
Leaf
|
Medicine,
|
024
|
Capsicum annuum L.
|
Solanaceae
|
Yefereng qara
|
Herb
|
Fruit
|
Medicine,Spice
|
048
|
C.frutescens L.
|
Solanaceae
|
Qaaraa
|
Herb
|
Fruit
|
Medicine,Spice
|
040
|
Urticasimensis Hochst.exA.Rich.
|
Urticaceae
|
Sammaa
|
Herb
|
Leaf
|
Medicine
|
036
|
Lippia abyssinicavar Cufod.
|
Verbenaceae
|
Kusaye
|
Shurb
|
Flower,leaf
|
Spice
|
The study's findings are presented in Table 5. Twenty-eight (20.8%) had forage value, seventeen (25.3%) had fence value, fifteen (22.3%) had shade value, and twenty-three (34.3%) had medicinal value of the 67 plant species selected for home gardens. The remaining species were utilized as building materials, furniture, stimulant, firewood, and ornamental wood, in that order. This outcome supports the research done by Nair et al. (2018), who showed how diverse a wide range of species may be found in gardens. These species provide a variety of ecosystem services and include food crops, ornamentals, fruit trees, medicinal plants, multipurpose trees, and fodder species.
Table 10
Uses of parts of Home garden plant species frequency and percentage
Uses of parts of home garden plants
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Medicine
|
23
|
34.3%
|
Food
|
21
|
31.3%
|
Fence
|
17
|
25.3%
|
Spice
|
15
|
22.3%
|
Shade
|
14
|
20.8%
|
Forage
|
8
|
11.9%
|
Fire wood
|
6
|
8.9%
|
Ornamental
|
5
|
7.4%
|
Furniture
|
3
|
4.4%
|
Construction
|
2
|
2.9%
|
Stimulant
|
1
|
1.49%
|
4.5. Threats to Home garden plant Species in the Study area
The semi-structured interview report identified the following as the primary obstacles to home gardens in the study area: lack of market linkage (16.9%), monoculture farming (36.6%), shortage of farmland (26.7%), lack of awareness (12.6%), and shortage of human power (8.43%). Rata Regesa (2016), in contrast to this study, found that the primary obstacles to home gardens were a lack of expertise on plant breeding (66.7%), a shortage of seeds and planting supplies (63.3%), a lack of an agricultural support system (57.5%), and a lack of awareness (55%).
Table 11
Threats to Home garden plant Species in the Study area
Treats of home garden
|
Respondents
|
Frequency
|
Percentage(%)
|
Rank
|
Monoculture farming
|
26
|
36.6%
|
1
|
Shortage of farm land
|
19
|
26.7%
|
2
|
Market linkage
|
12
|
16.9%
|
3
|
Lack of awareness
|
9
|
12.67%
|
4
|
Shortage of human power
|
6
|
8.45%
|
5
|
Total
|
71
|
|
|
.6. The Source of Home garden plant Species
As the results in Table 12 demonstrate, among the 71 home garden owners (households), the sources of home garden plant species were, in the study area of Goba District, 29 (40.8%) local market, 22 (30.9%) neighbors (relatives), 13 (18.3%) inheritance from family, and 7 (9.85%) from government (non-government). Rata Regasa (2016) indicated that the primary sources of planting materials for home gardeners in the study were the market (45%), home gardens (20.83%), and relatives (16.67%). The least reliable sources of planting supplies are the agricultural office and national and international NGOs, which supports the findings of our study.
Table 12
The Source of Home garden plant Species
Source of home gardens
|
Respondents
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Rank
|
Local market
|
29
|
40.8%
|
1
|
Neighbors (relatives)
|
22
|
30.9%
|
2
|
Inheritance from family
|
13
|
18.3%
|
3
|
Government/non government
|
7
|
9.85%
|
4
|
Total
|
71
|
|
|