New and interesting records of rare caddisflies (Trichoptera, Insecta) from Slovakia with comments on their ecology and conservation status

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3982678/v1

Download PDF

Research Article

New and interesting records of rare caddisflies (Trichoptera, Insecta) from Slovakia with comments on their ecology and conservation status

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3982678/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

Journal Publication

published 18 Jul, 2024

Read the published version in Biologia →

You are reading this latest preprint version

The distribution and diversity of insects are crucial conservation issues. The order Trichoptera comprises numerous endangered species, but the rarity of some makes it challenging to determine their conservation priority. Research in Slovakia in recent decades has focused mainly on limnological studies, resulting in more frequent data on caddisfly larvae. Our research focused mainly on adult caddisflies, resulting in more reliable and accurate identification of many species that cannot be identified in the larval stage. We combined several entomological methods, including sweeping, Malaise traps, and UV light attraction, to increase the likelihood of catching rare species. The text lists and discusses the discoveries of caddisfly species that are particularly important for faunistics or biodiversity in Slovakia, as well as in the Central European context. Enoicyla reichenbachii (Kolenati, 1848), Limnephilus incisus Curtis, 1834, Ptilocolepus granulatus (Pictet, 1834) and Oecetis testacea (Curtis, 1834) were recorded for the first time in Slovakia. The rare species Hagenella clathrata (Kolenati, 1848) and Adicella balcanica Botosaneanu and Novák, 1965, previously found in Slovakia, were also recorded. Additionally, a new locality of Adicella syriaca Ulmer, 1907 indicates a further northward shift of this Mediterranean species. We further discussed the faunistically important records of Beraeamyia hrabei Mayer, 1937, Allotrichia pallicornis (Eaton, 1873), Ceraclea riparia (Albarda, 1874), Grammotaulius nitidus (Müller, 1764) and Limnephilus fuscicornis Rambur, 1842 from Slovakia. The conservation status of each species is proposed and discussed based on our faunistic records, in accordance with the forthcoming update of the Slovak Red Book.

Faunistics

lotic and lentic ecosystems

biodiversity

biomonitoring

Central Europe

Global insect biodiversity loss has become a major conservation concern. This is also the case for freshwater ecosystems, where anthropogenic pressures are increasing, leading to declines in biodiversity (Reid et al. 2019). Caddisflies are one of the most affected freshwater groups, although specific cases are not well documented (Sánchez-Bayo and Wyckhyus 2019). Caddisflies are important for providing essential ecosystem services, such as their roles in food webs. They also act as ecosystem engineers and are an important biomonitoring tool (Morse et al. 2019).

Contributions are needed to improve information on the distribution of caddisflies both nationally and internationally. This is particularly important for the establishment of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Caddisflies, which could enhance regional protection, especially in protected areas or Natura 2000 sites in Europe (Schmidt-Kloiber et al. 2017). Numerous limnological studies have been conducted in Slovakia. Data on the distribution and ecology of aquatic macroinvertebrates including caddisfly larvae have been obtained from the lakes and streams in the Tatra Mountains (e.g. Krno 1991a, b, 2006; Bitušík et al. 2004). Several selected river systems were studied in detail, e.g. Revúca (Krno 1978; Krno and Valachová 1999), Ľupčianka (Krno 1982), Rajčanka (Krno 1990; Šporka et al. 1998), Žitava (Krno 1992), Morava (Krno et al. 1994a), Rudava (Derka et al. 2001), Gidra (Krno et al. 1994b; Krno 2003; Lukáš and Krno 2003), Turiec (Krno et al. 1996; Rúfusová et al. 2014), Biely Váh (Krno 2000), Mútňanka (Šípoš 1991), Hron (Čiliak et al. 2014), streams of the Eastern Carpathians (Novikmec et al. 2007)h (Navara 2017), and Danube (Brtek and Rothschein 1964; Krno et al. 1999, 2018). The distribution data is supplemented by the results of national monitoring of surface waters (e.g. Lešťáková et al. 2021). Limnological studies and macroinvertebrate monitoring projects have contributed significantly to our understanding of the distribution and ecology of caddisflies. However, data on rare or difficult-to-identify species are often sparse or problematic. This is because the larvae of several species are unknown or, in some cases, need to be confirmed by identifying the imago (Waringer and Graf 2011). Zaťovičová and Novikmec (2003) contributed to the national list of macroinvertebrates, based solely on larval samples. Therefore, the number of caddisfly taxa is lower than the lists that also include adults, since many species can be missed when sampling benthos (Malicky 2014). Only a few benthic studies have provided additions to the faunal list. For example, Šípoš (1991) published the first record of Hydropsyche silfvenii Ulmer, 1906, and Lukáš (2004) reported Hydropsyche tabacarui Botosaneanu, 1960. The following literature review comprises faunistic studies that deal more or less with adult caddisflies.

Caddisfly research in Slovakia began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the publication of the first data by Mocsáry (1899) and Klapálek (1904). Pazsiczky (1914), Pongrácz (1914) and Fekete (1926) conducted studies on the fauna of central Slovakia. In the 1930s, further information on the distribution of caddisflies in Slovakia was obtained through faunistic notes on the Danube floodplain (Mayer 1935, 1938a, b; Balthasar 1936a), the Slovak Karst area (Balthasar 1936b), the Low and High Tatras and the Little Fatra (Mayer 1936a, b, 1937, 1939a, b). Mayer (1939c) then summarised the knowledge of the caddisfly fauna at that time. A list of 236 species for Czechoslovakia was provided, including 185 species for Slovakia, 205 species for Bohemia, and 61 species for Moravia. In the second half of the 20th century, Sýkora (1963) made additional first records from Slovakia. Sedlák (1963), Novák and Obr (1966) conducted further studies. Novák and Obr (1977) provided additional faunistic data, reporting a total of 248 species in Czechoslovakia, including 211 in Slovakia, 220 in Bohemia, and 179 in Moravia. Occasional comprehensive faunistic studies have been carried out in Slovakia at a regional level. For instance, Pomichal (1984a, 1986) conducted a study on the caddisflies of the Danubian Lowland, the Danube River and its branches. Pomichal (1979, 1984b) also examined the Little Carpathians and their foothills. Additionally, further data on caddisflies were collected by Obr (1984), while Nógrádi and Uherkovich (1987) presented collections from the Tatras and central Slovakia. Chvojka (1992) provided the latest faunistic study of caddisflies in the High Tatras National Park. Chvojka (1993) presented a list of 64 caddisfly species from the Carpathians in eastern Slovakia. After completion and correction of the checklist, Chvojka and Novák (2001) confirmed the presence of 218 species in Slovakia. Lukáš (2004) discovered new species in Slovakia, such as Hydropsyche siltalai Döhler, 1963 and Hydropsyche exocellata Dufour, 1841. The following species were subsequently recorded as new to Slovakia: Synagapetus dubitans McLachlan, 1879, Hydroptila angulata Mosely, 1922, Hydropsyche botosaneanui Marinković-Gospodnetić, 1966, Hagenella clathrata (Kolenati, 1848) and Limnephilus elegans Curtis, 1834 (Lukáš and Chvojka 2011). Chvojka et al. (2016) also confirmed species that were new to the Slovak fauna - Hydroptila simulans Mosely, 1920, Chaetopteryx major McLachlan, 1876, and Adicella balcanica Botosaneanu and Novák, 1965. As a result of the revision of the Psilopteryx psorosa species group (Oláh et al. 2015), the number was extended also by P. bohemosaxonica Mey and Botosaneanu, 1985, P. javorensis Oláh, 2015, and P. harmas Oláh et Chvojka, 2015. The occurrence of Wormaldia carpathica Oláh 2019 (in Oláh et al. 2019) in Slovakia was confirmed by Chvojka et al. (2020) together with the occurrence of W. occipitalis (Pictet, 1934). Another recent first record of a caddisfly species in Slovakia was that of Adicella syriaca Ulmer, 1907, a species common in the eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans, which is also relatively widespread in southwestern Slovakia (Navara et al. 2020a, b). The most recent record was that of Tinodes maculicornis (Pictet, 1834) in Bratislava (Navara et al. 2023). In summary, the current species list of Trichoptera from Slovakia comprises 235 species.

The aim of this article is to present four new country records that extend the list of caddisfly species confirmed in Slovakia and to discuss the conservation importance of selected species recorded during the study.

The material was either recently collected using various entomological methods or older preserved samples were revised. Most of the material was collected by Malaise traps (M) located at different sites in Slovakia. Attraction by UV light (L) was also common method of collecting caddisfly material. Some individuals were collected by sweeping (S) the riparian vegetation. In one special case, material from a pitfall trap (P) was identified. In several cases, the larvae were collected by means of the kicking technique (K). All material was preserved in 75% ethanol, except for larvae from benthic sampling, which were preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution and stored in 75% ethanol after sorting and identification in the laboratory. Adult caddisflies were identified according to Malicky (2004) and larvae according to Waringer and Graf (2011).

Other abbreviations used: NNR - National Nature Reserve; coll. NMPC - deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic; conservation status: CR, EN, VU, LC, DD – critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, least concern, data deficient species, respectively.

In the following list the species are arranged alphabetically (by family, genus, and species, respectively). All published records from Slovakia (if available) are listed below the species name, followed by the material examined and the proposed conservation status, as it was also proposed for the Slovak Red Book (in preparation). In the material section, if the specimen(s) was caught in a mountain range (Mts.), its name is given, if it was caught at a river, the name of the river and the nearby municipality are given.

Beraeidae

Beraeamyia hrabei Mayer, 1937

Published records: Mayer (1937, 1938b), Novák and Obr (1966), Chvojka (1993), Chvojka et al. (2020)

Material: Malá Fatra Mts., Valčiansky potok brook, 49°02'51" N, 18°45'47" E, 720 m, 14.04.2021, 1 larva (K), K. Thomková leg., T. Navara det. et coll.

Proposed conservation status: VU

This species, with a distribution in Central and Southeastern Europe (Neu et al. 2018), was described by Mayer (1937) from the Rajčanka and Demänovka basins in central Slovakia. It was later found in northern and eastern Slovakia (Novák and Obr 1966; Chvojka 1993), and more recently in the Strážovské vrchy mountains in central Slovakia (Chvojka et al. 2020). The distribution of the species is well documented in the Czech Republic, where it occurs only in the eastern part of the Morava and Odra river basins (Komzák and Kroča 2018; Komzák and Chvojka 2012). The species occurs in fast-flowing streams at a maximum distance of about 20 km, but usually not more than 10 km, from the source (Komzák and Kroča 2018). The distribution of B. hrabei in Slovakia has so far been insufficiently documented, and the known occurrence is shown in Fig. 1. The species is classified as VU in neighbouring countries (Malicky 2009; Chvojka and Komzák 2017), and is also proposed as VU in the Slovak Red Book (in preparation).

Hydroptilidae

Allotrichia pallicornis (Eaton, 1873) VU

Published records: Novák and Obr (1966), Chvojka et al. (2020)

Material: Topľa River near Hlinné, 48°57'16" N, 21°35'08" E, 135 m, 26.05.1961, 1 ♀ (S), K. Novák leg., P. Chvojka det., coll. NMPC / Biela Orava River below Lokca, 49°22'52" N, 19°25'58" E, 610 m, 29.06.1992, 1 ♀ (S), P. Chvojka leg. et det., coll. NMPC / Váh and Belá Rivers confluence, Liptovský Hrádok, 49°02'06" N, 19°42'34" E, 627 m, 01.08.2022, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (L), T. Navara et I. Kokavec leg., T. Navara det. et coll.

Proposed conservation status: VU

It is a common species in the western Palaearctic region (Neu et al. 2018), but is considered rare in Central Europe. It is classified as EN in Austria and the Czech Republic (Malicky 2009; Chvojka and Komzák 2017). Rare records have been reported in Hungary, with several localities known in the north of the country near the border with Slovakia (Nógrádi and Uherkovich 2002). Its distribution in the streams and rivers of Slovakia is still not well known. Only two recent records are known from streams and rivers in Slovakia (Fig. 2), which is why the species is considered VU. The species generally prefers metarhitral-epipotamal habitats (Graf et al. 2008) and has been found to thrive in unpolluted and nutrient-poor river sites (Urbanič 2006). Dohet et al. (2008) classified it as an indicator species for large lowland streams in Luxembourg.

Leptoceridae

Adicella balcanica Botosaneanu and Novák, 1965

Published records: Chvojka et al. (2016)

Material: Malé Karpaty Mts., Neštich, 48°15'51" N, 17°11'29" E, 268 m, 28.06.2020, 1 ♂ (S), T. Navara leg. et coll., P. Chvojka det. / Malé Karpaty Mts., Krkavec, 48°16'38" N, 17°12'33" E, 235 m, 18.06.2021, 1 ♂ (S), 04.07.2022, 1 ♂ (S) / Malé Karpaty Mts., Stupavský potok brook 48°15'09" N, 17°06'49" E, 274 m, 23.06.2023, 1 ♂ (S), all T. Navara leg., det. et coll.

Proposed conservation status: DD

The species was described from the former Yugoslavia and Bulgaria (Botosaneanu and Novák 1965). It occurs mainly in the Balkans, reaching northeastern Italy (Ćukušić et al. 2017; Neu et al. 2018). Closest to Slovakia, only a single specimen was found in western Hungary, but the occurrence was not confirmed in later surveys (Nógrádi 2001). Similarly, the first Slovakian record was based on a single specimen from central Slovakia, but the species was not found in subsequent visits (Chvojka et al. 2016).

A. balcanica is known to prefer eucrenal to epirhithral habitats, which are typical for Balkan populations (Graf et al. 2008; Kumanski 1988). Ćukušić et al. (2017) found the species in Croatia in the Krupa karst area with underground springs. In Hungary and Slovakia, A. balcanica was recorded from a stream in the Köszeg Mountains (Nógrádi 1988) and the Nitrica River (Chvojka et al. 2016). New Slovakian records were made in second- and third-order forest epirhithral streams in the Little Carpathians (Fig. 3). These results confirm the widening of the distribution of A. balcanica to Central Europe. Further research on its distribution and habitat preferences in Slovakia should be carried out.

Adicella syriaca Ulmer, 1907

Published records: Navara et al. (2020a, b, 2021)

Material: Šulianske rameno, Dunajské ostrovy NNR, 47°56'13" N, 17°26'42" E, 119 m, 28.10.2019, 30 larvae (K) / Bodícke rameno, Danube inland delta, 47°53'08" N, 17°28'12" E, 116 m, 28.10.2019, 1 larva (K) / Danube, Gabčíkovo, 47°51'41" N, 17°32'02" E, 111 m, 16.04.2020, 1 larva (K) / Veľké Leváre, Rudava River, 48°29'09" N, 16°59'41" E, 151 m, 20.08.2020, 1 ♂ (S) / Vojčianske rameno, Danube inland delta, 47°57'35" N, 17°22'51" E, 119 m, 24.09.2020, 1 larva (K) / Dunajské ostrovy NNR, Danube inland delta, 47°55'47" N, 17°25'30" E, 119 m, 28.10.2021, 4 larvae (K), all T. Navara and I. Kokavec leg., T. Navara det. et coll.

Proposed conservation status: LC

A. syriaca is distributed from the Maghreb through southeastern Europe and the Middle East to the Caucasus (Botosaneanu 1992; Neu et al. 2018). The distribution and spread of this species in Slovakia has been discussed in detail by Navara et al. (2020a, 2021). The most recent record on the Rudava River, a tributary of the Morava River in western Slovakia (Fig. 3), documents the further spread to the northwest. The species has not yet been found in the Morava River and its tributaries in the Czech Republic (Komzák, pers. comm.).

It inhabits crenal and epirhithral areas in the Levant (Botosaneanu 1992), and epipotamal sites are also included in the Balkans (Kumanski 1988). In Slovakia it is known from the Danube and its left tributaries. All larvae were sorted from benthic samples of submerged roots and identified according to Waringer et al. (2017). Based on our data, it can be concluded that the species is common and sometimes abundant in suitable habitats in Slovakia, which is consistent with other parts of its range (cf. Botosaneanu 1992; Kumanski 1988; Nógrádi 2001; Uherkovich and Nógrádi 2005).

Ceraclea riparia (Albarda, 1874)

Published records: Pazsiczky (1914), Mayer (1937), Navara et al. (2021)

Material: Jurský Šúr NNR, biological station, 48°13'41" N, 17°12'21" E, 131 m, 20.07.2020, 1 ♀ (L), T. Navara, I. Kokavec leg. et coll., P. Chvojka det.

Proposed conservation status: CR

The species is found in Europe, the Far East, and China (Neu et al. 2018). The larvae inhabit the epi-metapotamal sections of rivers with lithal substrate (Graf et al. 2008; Leitner and Lorenz 2020). Urbanič et al. (2004) also found larvae on large cobblestones (macrolithal) in a Slovenian river. This species is generally considered rare in Europe, and is even classified as probably extinct in some countries (Chvojka and Komzák 2017; Robert 2016; Szczęsny 2002). It is also rare in Hungary, occurring only sporadically in the Danube River and its tributaries (Nógrádi and Uherkovich 2002). This is probably due to the species' preference for the pristine lithal habitats in the epi- and metapotamal of rivers, which are rare as these river sections are particularly polluted and suffer from habitat degradation (Urbanič et al. 2004; Urbanič 2006; Waringer et al. 2005). Old Slovak records come from the Váh River and its tributary (Pazsiczky 1914; Mayer 1937), recently the species has also been found in the Hron River (Navara et al. 2021). Recently, a female specimen attracted by UV light was collected from the Jurský Šúr Marsh in western Slovakia (Fig. 2). It is likely that the specimen originated from the nearby river system or the more distant Little Danube.

Oecetis testacea (Curtis, 1834)

First record for Slovakia

Material: Šuľany village, Gabčíkovo channel, 47°57'05" N, 17°26'19" E, 117 m, 14.07.2018, 1 ♂ (L), T. Navara leg., det. et coll. / Jurský Šúr NNR, biological station, 48°13'41" N, 17°12'21" E, 134 m, 10.06.2019, 1 ♀ (L); 31.07.2020, 1♂, 1♀ (L) / Čunovo gravel pit, 48°02'22" N, 17°11'12" E, 129 m, 27.07.2022, 3 ♀ (L) / Malý Draždiak gravel pit, 48°06'39" N, 17°07'06" E, 131 m, 18.08.2022, 6 ♀ (L); 01.06.2023, 3 ♂, 8 ♀ (L); 22.06.2023, 22 ♂ (L); 14.08.2023, 32 ♀ (L) / Danube above Dobrohošť village, 47°58'30" N, 17°22'17" E, 120 m, 04.08.2022, 12 ♂, 33 ♀ (L); 19.07.2023, 5 ♂, 7 ♀ (L) / Tarnok Ponds, Pusté Úľany village, 48°14'40" N, 17°31'48" E, 121 m, 15.08.2023, 8 ♂, 5 ♀ (L); all T. Navara leg., det et coll. / Rusovce channel, 48°03'20" N, 17°09'03" E, 130m, 07.05.2022, 3 ♂, 6 ♀ (L) / Starohájsky ostrov, 48°06'30" N, 17°07'37" E, 131m, 18.08.2022, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (L); all J. Lukáš leg. et coll., T. Navara det. / Čierna voda oxbow lake , 48°11'44" N, 17°24'04" E, 126 m, 11.07.2023, 10 ♀ (L), T. Navara et I. Kokavec leg, T. Navara det. et coll. / Kutlíkova oxbow lake, 48°06'39" N, 17°07'08" E, 131 m, 22.06.2023, 1 ♂, 4 ♀ (L); 19.07.2023, 4 ♂ (L); 14.08.2023, 5 ♀ (L); all B. Endel leg., T. Navara det. et coll.

Proposed conservation status: LC

The species is widespread throughout Europe and the Far East, with records being most common in western and north-western Europe (Graf et al. 2008; Neu et al. 2018; Ivanov 2011). It can be found from the hyporhithral to the metapotamal, including the littoral, and is indifferent to the current type (Schmedtje and Colling 1996). The species has been recorded in neighbouring countries. It was recently recorded in Ukraine (Górecki 2011). In the Czech Republic it was considered relatively rare and endangered (Chvojka and Novák 2001; Chvojka et al. 2005; Chvojka et al. 2009; Chvojka 2008). However, based on new findings, its Red List status was later classified as Near Threatened (Chvojka and Komzák 2017). The species is probably rare in Hungary, with recent data coming only from northern Hungary near the border with Slovakia (Nógrádi and Uherkovich 2002). In Slovakia, records of the species are limited to the western part of the country (Fig. 1). In the Slovak Danube region, the species appears to be common and abundant, with repeated occurrences. The species is therefore considered to be not threatened in Slovakia (LC).

Limnephilidae

Enoicyla reichenbachii (Kolenati, 1848)

First record for Slovakia.

Material: Jurský Šúr NNR, alder forest, 48°13'56" N, 17°12'32" E, 130 m, 05.11.2008, 4 ♂ (M); 21.10.2008, 5 ♂ (M); all Ľ. Vidlička et O. Majzlan leg., T. Navara det. et coll. / Bratislava, Dúbravka, Sitiny, 48°10'16" N, 17°04'02" E, 187 m, 11.10.2021, 1 ♂ (S), J. Samay leg., T. Navara det. et coll. / Jurský Šúr NNR, biological station, 48°13'41" N, 17°12'21" E, 131 m, 21.10.2022, 4 ♂ (M); 05.11.2022, 4 ♂ (M) et 3 ♀ (P); all Ľ. Vidlička, O. Majzlan et J. Samay leg., T. Navara det. et coll.

Proposed conservation status: DD

This is the first record of the only European terrestrial caddisfly genus in Slovakia. The genus Enoicyla comprises three species: E. costae McLachlan, which is found in the Mediterranean, E. pusilla (Burmeister), distributed in western and Central Europe, and E. reichenbachii, distributed from central Italy to Central Europe (Neu et al. 2018). Although the distribution range of the latter two species overlaps, no hybrid specimens have been found in areas of sympatric occurrence (Mey 1983).

The possible occurrence of E. reichenbachii in Slovakia was suggested by Krno (2001) and has now been confirmed. The species was found in an urban forest in Bratislava through sweeping and in the wetlands near Svätý Jur near Bratislava, where males were caught with the Malaise trap and brachypterous females with the pitfall trap. All specimens, except for one, were collected from the Jurský Šúr National Nature Reserve (Fig. 5). This reserve has been a Ramsar site since 1990 and is known for its alder forests and wetlands. According to Mey (1983), Enoicyla larvae inhabit areas near water or permanently wet areas. Maier and Schweizer (2005) identified moist and wet forest areas, such as moist hollows in beech forests, as the habitat of E. reichenbachii. Mey (2014) also reported this species from a deciduous lowland forest with wetlands in Brandenburg. Küttner and Wünschmann (2011) found larvae on the trunks of riparian trees. Although the species is still widespread in Germany, the loss of habitat due to drainage and afforestation with spruce trees could pose a threat to the species. The vulnerability of the species is due to the brachypterous females' inability to cover greater distances (Maier and Schweizer 2005).

Further data is required to determine the distribution and current conservation status of E. reichenbachii in Slovakia.

Grammotaulius nitidus (Müller, 1764)

Published records: Fekete (1926), Mayer (1937, 1938a)

Material: Jurský Šúr NNR, alder forest 48°13'56" N, 17°12'32" E, 130 m, 19.06.2008, 1 ♀ (M), Ľ. Vidlička et O. Majzlan leg., P. Chvojka det. / Tvrdošovce, Panské lúky, 48°05'57" N, 18°02'08" E, 112 m, 31.05.2018, 1♂ (M), Ľ. Vidlička leg., T. Navara det. et coll. / Veľký Grob, Tarnok Ponds, 48°14'32"N, 17°31'48"E], 120 m, 24.09.2022, 1 ♂ (L), T. Navara et B. Endel leg., T. Navara det. et coll.

Proposed conservation status: EN

The species is widespread throughout Europe, except for the northern and southern regions, and extends to western Siberia (Neu et al. 2018). The larvae prefer to inhabit stagnant waters with macrophytes at lower altitudes, as noted by Graf et al. (2008), and can be found in forest ponds, including temporary pools, mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes, and oxbow arms with macrophytes, according to Czachorowski (1998).

G. nitidus may be considered a species of conservation importance in Central Europe. In Austria, there are only old data (Malicky 2009) and the species is considered extinct (Graf et al. 2017). In the Czech Republic, the species is classified as EN (Chvojka and Komzák 2017) with more recent records only found in southern Moravia (Sedlák 1999). In Hungary, the species is more commonly found in the Great Hungarian Plain (Nógrádi and Uherkovich 2002). It is categorized as 'presumably vulnerable', meaning that although there are strong populations, they may decline due to habitat degradation (Nógrádi and Uherkovich 1999).

Specific management measures for this species are currently unknown, as larval records are rare and most records have been made in adults (Koese and Kalkman 2008). Hohmann (2007) highlighted the difficulties in obtaining larvae. For instance, the species became scarce in Britain due to the loss of habitat caused by fen drainage, and there are no repeated records at sites from the latter half of the 20th century. The species has been classified as NT. However, there is still insufficient knowledge about larval requirements and habitat suitability (Wallace 2016).

The recent discoveries in western Slovakia originate from three distinct sites (Fig. 4), representing a rediscovery after approximately 80 years. The records come from ponds, marshes and nature reserves in the Danubian Lowland, which could provide suitable habitat for the population. It is also possible that similar habitats in the Eastern Slovakian Lowland (part of the Great Hungarian Plain) could support the species.

Limnephilus fuscicornis Rambur, 1842

Published records: Pazsiczky (1914); Husárová (1961) (unconfirmed larval records)

Material: Tešmak, Tešmak Swamp, 48°03'40" N, 18°59'14" E, 127 m, 14.05.2022, 2 ♂, 3♀, (M), J. Samay leg., T. Navara det. et coll. / Benice village, NNR Turiec River, 48°59'38'' N, 18°52'28'', 420 m, 26.05.2022, 1 ♂ (S), T. Navara leg., det. et coll.

Proposed conservation status: LC

This limnophilous species inhabits the littoral, epi- and metapotamal (Graf et al. 2008). It is distributed in Europe, with the exception of the southern parts, and in Siberia (Ivanov 2011, Neu et al. 2018). Data on the current distribution in Slovakia are lacking, there are only old data from the Váh River basin in northwestern Slovakia from the beginning of the 20th century (Pazsiczky 1914) and an unconfirmed larval record from southern Slovakia (Husárová 1961). In the neighbouring Czech Republic and Austria, L. fuscicornis is widespread and not classified as a threatened species (Chvojka and Komzák 2017; Malicky 2009), while it is considered rare in Hungary (Nógrádi and Uherkovich 2002; Móra et al. 2006).

New records were made from the Turiec River in central Slovakia and on the Slovak-Hungarian border in the Tešmak Swamp on the right bank of the Ipeľ River (Fig. 5), which was most likely the larval habitat. We assume that the lack of recent data from Slovakia is due to insufficient survey of suitable habitats rather than the absence of the species itself.

Limnephilus incisus Curtis, 1834

Published records: Bulánková et al. (2000) (unconfirmed larval record)

Material: Tarnok Ponds, Pusté Úľany village, 48°14'40" N, 17°31'48" E, 121 m, 15.08.2023, 1 ♂ (L), T. Navara et I. Kokavec leg., T. Navara det. et coll.

Proposed conservation status: DD

This species is found exclusively in stagnant waters and in the littoral zone, according to Graf et al. (2008). O'Connor (2015) reports its presence in marshes with emergent vegetation. In Slovakia, it has only been found in temporary ponds in the Moravia floodplain, based on the collection of larvae as reported by Bulánková et al. (2000). However, these records did not include the voucher specimen. According to the identification keys used at that time (Sedlák 1980; Waringer and Graf 1997), it was not possible to reliably distinguish the larva. Therefore, we consider this record unconfirmed. The new record was made in the Tarnok Ponds (western Slovakia, Danubian Lowland) (Fig. 2). The ponds consist of several water bodies and are surrounded by periodic or permanent bogs. L. incisus is widespread in Hungary (Nógrádi and Uherkovich 2002), so further records in suitable habitats in southern Slovakia can be expected. The species was also previously confirmed in the Czech Republic (Bohemia and Moravia regions) (Chvojka and Novák 2001), but is categorised as VU there due to its rare occurrence (Chvojka and Komzák 2017). The species is classified as Near Threatened in Germany according to Robert (2016). Nevertheless, there are many documented records of the species in the UK, Benelux and Denmark (Neu et al. 2018). Further data from Slovakia are not available and a further study would be necessary to assess the conservation status of the species.

Phryganeidae

Hagenella clathrata (Kolenati, 1848)

Published records: Lukáš and Chvojka (2011)

Material: Spišská Belá, Belianske lúky NNR 49°12'43" N, 20°22'54" E, 670 m, 12.06.2022, 1 ♂ (S), B. Endel et T. Navara leg. et coll., T. Navara det.

Proposed conservation status: EN

Hagenella clathrata is a species found in Europe that typically inhabits bogs in lowland, highland, and submontane zones (Buczyńska et al. 2012). Larval habitats include various types of bogs, such as those overgrown with Sphagnum mosses (Buczyńska et al. 2012; van Kleef et al. 2012) or small pools between Molinia tussocks in the UK (Wallace 2016). The loss of bog habitats across Europe due to peat extraction in the 20th century led to the decline of this species, which is one of the most threatened caddisfly species in Europe and is very rare (Czachorowski and Moroz 2007; Buczyńska et al. 2012). The dispersal ability of the species is low and the adults remain in the vicinity of the breeding sites, which makes the species even more endangered. H. clathrata is classified as an endangered species in Central Europe (Buczyńska et al. 2012; Chvojka and Komzák 2017; Malicky 2009; Robert 2016). In Slovakia, the species was first recorded in the Borská nížina Lowland (Lukáš and Chvojka 2011). The new record comes from the fens in the Tatra foothills (Fig. 5). Further efforts are required to map the distribution of the species in Slovakia. The conservation of peatlands has the potential to positively impact this species. However, additional monitoring is necessary.

Ptilocolepidae

Ptilocolepus granulatus (Pictet, 1834)

First documented occurrence in Slovakia

Material: Reľov-Hágy, brook, 49°18'21" N, 20°22'05" E, 675 m, 12.07.1967, 1 ♀ (S), K. Novák leg. et det., coll. NMPC / Považský Inovec Mts., Selecký potok, brook source 48°45'22" N, 18°01'40" E, 880 m, 14.06.2022, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (S) / Považský Inovec Mts., Jarabina stream, spring, 48°46'27" N, 18°03'04" E, 870 m, 14.06.2022, 1 ♂ (S) / Považský Inovec Mts., spring above Livina stream, 48°46'06" N, 18°02'24" E, 950 m, 14.06.2022, 4 ♂ (S) / Považský Inovec Mts., Inovec spring area, 48°46'16" N, 18°02'50" E, 910 m, 14.06.2022, 1 ♂ (S), all J. Lukáš leg., T. Navara det. et coll. / Považský Inovec Mts., Železnica stream spring area, 48°41'50" N, 18°00'28" E, 540 m, 12.06.2023, 1 ♂ (S), T. Navara leg., det. et coll. / Považský Inovec Mts., Železnica stream spring area, 48°42'21" N, 18°00'16" E, 630 m, 12.06.2023, 3 ♂ (S) / Považský Inovec Mts., spring brook at Chotina stream, 48°44'49" N, 18°00'32" E, 795 m, 14.06.2023, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (S), all P. Chvojka leg. et det., coll. NMPC.

Proposed conservation status: DD

Ptilocolepus granulatus is a cold stenothermic species that prefers living in eucrenal and hypocrenal habitats (Graf et al. 2008). Nógrádi and Uherkovich (2002) noted that the species is hygropetric. Larvae of this species are found in growths of Fontinalis spp. and Marchantiophyta (liverworts) in Central European montane and subalpine regions (Waringer and Graf 2002). Besacier et al. (2019) identified this species as one of the species that could be endangered by climate change.

P. granulatus is widespread in Europe, but mainly occurs in the western part, while it is sporadic in Eastern Europe (Neu et al. 2018). There are only rare records from western Hungary (Nógrádi and Uherkovich 2002) or Belarus (Neu et al. 2018), and its occurrence in Ukraine is doubtful (Szczęsny and Godunko 2008). Krno (2001) listed the occurrence of this species in Slovakia in the checklist, but without providing any details. This article presents the first documented occurrence of the species in Slovakia, found in the Považský Inovec Mountains. Additionally, older data from the Spišská Magura Mountains in northern Slovakia are included (Fig. 5). The current threat status of the species in Slovakia cannot be assessed due to the lack of data.

The recent increase in efforts to study caddisflies has been triggered by the fact that they are among the most threatened insects due to habitat loss, climate change, urbanisation, pollution, drying and draining of wetlands, and other human-induced changes (Sánchez-Bayo and Wyckhyus 2019). In terms of biomonitoring, Houghton et al. (2011) have shown the potential and benefits of using adult caddisflies in research.

Various entomological methods were used to expand knowledge about the distribution of caddisflies in Slovakia. There was also cooperation between entomologists specialised in different insect groups. Caddisfly samples were obtained from the study of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera and aquatic invertebrates.

Notable records include Hagenella clathrata, Ceraclea riparia and Grammotaulius nitidus. H. clathrata was recorded for only the second time in Slovakia, while the other two species were rediscovered after eight decades. The species were found in biotopes that are often overlooked by hydrobiologists. Sampling adults turned out to be an advantage due to the difficulty in identifying the larval stages of the species. These three species are among the most endangered on our list, as a decline has been reported in at least one European country. In contrast, Adicella syriaca is thought to be expanding its range. Another species of the genus, Adicella balcanica, is rather cryptic and occurs in the epirhithral and metarhithral, but has been repeatedly found in the area of western Slovakia. The species Oecetis testacea appears to be widespread in western Slovakia, as it was frequently collected in relatively large numbers, and it may have been overlooked in the past.

The number of Trichoptera species recorded in Slovakia has increased to 239, including first records of four species. The new data on the occurrence of endangered and rare species highlights the importance of conservation efforts. To protect these species, it is necessary to thoroughly protect aquatic habitats and implement environmental protection measures such as wetland and floodplain management. These faunistic observations and basic data are valuable for further research and monitoring, and could be useful for management and revitalisation projects. This work can modestly contribute to the knowledge of caddisfly occurrence in Europe and their processing with regard to biodiversity and conservation policy implications (Schmidt-Kloiber et al. 2017). For instance, the record of Enoicyla reichenbachii represents the easternmost occurrence of this species. In addition, we have presented additional data on the predominantly Mediterranean species Adicella balcanica and A. syriaca. Our future caddisfly monitoring efforts will focus on relatively undisturbed habitats and areas undergoing revitalisation processes, which may provide further insight into the distribution of caddisflies in Slovakia and uncover potential factors influencing their occurrence. Finally, the data on rare species were crucial for compiling the Red Book of Slovakia (in preparation). This may help raise public awareness about caddisflies, aquatic insects, and the need for their protection.

Acknowledgements

The research was financially supported by The Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences (VEGA) project no. 2/0044/22 (to T. Navara and I. Kokavec). The work of P. Chvojka was supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO 2024–2028/5.I.a, National Museum, 00023272). The samplimg of caddisflies was performed with permissions: OU-BA-OSZP1-2022/083286-011; OU-PO-OSZP1-2021/016137-010; and permissions from the Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic with the registration numbers 23/2022; 28/2023.

Balthasar V (1936a) Příspěvek k poznání zvířeny ramen a tůní slovenského Podunají. Práce Učené Společnosti Šafaříkové v Bratislavě 19:39–55
Balthasar V (1936b) Výzkumy ve vodách ve východní části Slovenského krasu. Práce Učené Společnosti Šafaříkové v Bratislavě 19:9–37
Besacier Monbertrand AL, Timoner P, Rahman K, Burlando P, Fatichi S, Gonseth Y, Moser F, Castella E, Lehmann A (2019) Assessing the vulnerability of aquatic macroinvertebrates to climate warming in a mountainous watershed: supplementing presence-only data with species traits. Water 11(4):636. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040636
Bitušík P, Trnková K, Bošková K (2004) Makrozoobentos štyroch horských jazier v Nízkych Tatrách. Príroda Nízkych Tatier 1:195–202
Botosaneanu L (1992) Trichoptera of the Levant - Imagines Fauna Palaestina. Insecta VI. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem
Botosaneanu L, Novák K (1965) Les espèces européennes du genre Adicella McL (Trichoptera). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 62(6):468–479
Brtek J, Rohschein J (1964) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hydrofauna und des Reinheittszustandes des tschechoslowakischen Abschnittes der Donau. Biologické práce 10/5: 1–61
Buczyńska E, Cichocki W, Dominiak P (2012) New data on the distribution and habitat preferences of Hagenella clathrata (Kolenati, 1848) (Trichoptera: Phryganeidae) in Poland-the species from the Polish Red Book of Animals. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, Sectio C 67(2):27-34. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10067-012-0017-9
Bulánková E, Halgoš J, Krno I. (2000) Vzácne biotopy v hornom úseku povodia Gidry a v inundačnom území Moravy. Acta Environmentalica Universitatis Comenianae 10:157–161
Chvojka P (1992) Chrostíci (Trichoptera, Insecta) Tatranského národního parku. Zborník prác TANAP 32:165–195
Chvojka P (1993) New data on the caddisfly fauna (Trichoptera, Insecta) of Slovakia from the East Carpathians. Biológia 48:217–221
Chvojka P (2008) Chrostíci (Trichoptera) Jizerských hor a Frýdlantska (Trichoptera of the Jizerské hory Mts and Frýdlant region (northern Bohemia, Czech Republic)). Sborník Severočeského Muzea, Přírodní Vědy 26:49–77
Chvojka P, Komzák P (2017) Trichoptera (chrostíci). In: Hejda R, Farkač J, Chobot K (eds) Červený seznam ohrožených druhů České republiky. Bezobratlí (Red List of threatened
species of the Czech Republic. Invertebrates). Příroda, Praha, pp 48–57
Chvojka P, Komzák P, Špaček J (2009) New faunistic records of Trichoptera (Insecta) from the Czech Republic, III. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae 94:81–85
Chvojka P, Novák K (2001) Additions and corrections to the checklist of Trichoptera (Insecta) from the Czech and Slovak Republics. Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, Series B – Historia Naturalis 56(2000):103–120
Chvojka P, Novák K, Sedlák E (2005) Trichoptera (chrostíci). In: Farkač J, Král D, Škorpík M. (eds) Červený seznam ohrožených druhů České republiky. Bezobratlí. Red List of Threatened Species in the Czech Republic. Invertebrates. Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Praha, pp. 168–171
Chvojka P, Navara T, Lukáš J (2020) Potočníky (Trichoptera) Strážovských vrchov. Entomofauna Carpathica 32:107–140
Chvojka P, Špaček J, Komzák P, Lukáš J (2016) New faunistic records of Trichoptera from the Czech Republic and Slovakia/Nové faunistické nálezy chrostíků (Trichoptera) z České republiky a Slovenska. Klapalekiana 52:43–46
Čiliak M, Novikmec M, Svitok M (2014) Biological zonation of the last unbound big river in the West Carpathians: reference scheme based on caddisfly communities. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 415:04. https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2014028
Ćukušić A, Ćuk R, Previšić A, Podnar M, Delić A, Kučinić M (2017) DNA barcoding and first records of two rare Adicella species (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Croatia. Biologia 72(7):796-806. https://doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2017-0087
Czachorowski S (1998) Chruściki (Trichoptera) jezior Polski: charakterystyka rozmieszczenia larw. Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej w Olsztynie, Olsztyn
Czachorowski S, Moroz MD (2007) Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the protected territories of Belarus. Entomological Review 87:980-987. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873807080040
Derka T, Kováčová J, Bulánková E (2001) Význam substrátu pre štruktúru vybraných taxocenóz makrozoobentosu rieky Rudava. Folia Faunistica Slovaca 6:59–68
Dohet A, Ferréol M, Cauchie HM, Hoffmann L (2008) Caddisfly assemblages characterizing different ecological areas in Luxembourg: from geographical distributions to bioindication. In: Meyer M, Neu P (eds) Proceedings of the first conference on faunistics and zoogeography of European Trichoptera. Luxembourg 2nd - 4th September 2005. Ferrantia 55, Musée national d’histoire naturelle, Luxembourg
Fekete G (1926) Adatok Trencsén-vármegye Neuroptera- és Trichopterafaunajához.Folia Entomologica Hungarica 1:71–83
Górecki K (2011) First records of Oecismus monedula (Hagen, 1859) and Oecetis testacea Curtis, 1834 (Trichoptera) from Ukraine. Polish Journal of Entomology 80(3):485‑492. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10200-011-0036-x
Graf W, Grasser U, Waringer J (2017) Trichoptera. In: Moog O, Hartmann A (eds) Fauna Aquatica Austriaca, 3rd edn. Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft (BMLFUW), Wien
Graf W, Murphy J, Dahl J, Zamora-Muñoz C, López-Rodríguez MJ (2008) Distribution and Ecological Preferences of European Freshwater Organisms, Volume 1 - Trichoptera. Pensoft Publishing, Sofia-Moscow
Hohmann M (2007) Die Larve von Grammotaulius submaculatus (Rambur, 1842) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Lauterbornia 61:9–20
Houghton DC, Berry EA, Gilchrist A, Thopson J, Nussbaum MA (2011) Biological changes along the continuum of an agricultural stream: influence of a small terrestrial preserve and use of adult caddisflies in biomonitoring. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 26: 381–397
Husárová-Dudíková A (1961) Predbežná zpráva o výskume fauny potočníkov (Trichoptera) Žitného ostrova. Biológia 16:472–475
Ivanov VD (2011) Caddisflies of Russia: Fauna and biodiversity. Zoosymposia 5:171-209. https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.5.1.15
Klapálek F (1904) Zpráva o výsledcích cesty do Transsylvánskych Alp a Vysokých Tater. Věstník České Akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění 13:719–730
Koese B, Kalkman VJ (2008) Kokerjuffers. In: Kalkman VJ (ed) De soorten van het leefgebiedenbeleid. EIS-Nederland, Leiden, pp 202–232
Komzák P, Chvojka P (2012) Caddis flies (Trichoptera) of the Bílé Karpaty Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve (Czech Republic). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae 96(2):697–761
Komzák P, Kroča J (2018) Current distribution of Beraeamyia hrabei Mayer, 1937 (Trichoptera: Beraeidae) in the Czech Republic. Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales 67:109–116
Krno I (1978) Zoobentos rieky Revúcej a jej prítokov. Biologické práce 24:61–122
Krno I (1982) Štruktúra a dynamika makrozoobentosu riečky Ľupčianky a jej prítokov (Nízke Tatry). Biologické práce 28:1–132
Krno I (1990) Longitudinal changes in the structure of macrozoobenthos and its microdistribution in natural and moderately eutroficated waters of the river Rajčianka (Strážovské vrchy). Acta Facultatis Rerum Naturalium Universitatis Comenianae - Zoologia 33:31–48
Krno I (1991a) Makrozoobentos litorálu jazier Západnych Tatier a ich odtokov. Zborník TANAP 31:217–227
Krno I (1991b) Makrozoobenthos of the Tatra lakes littoral (the High Tatras) and its affection by acidification. Biologia 46(6):495–508
Krno I (1992) Potočníky (Trichoptera) povodia Žitavy. Rosalia 8:135–146
Krno I (2000) Makrozoobentos v povodí Bieleho Váhu, jeho pôvodnost' a prognóza jeho zmien. Acta Environmentalica Universitatis Comenianae 10:197–205
Krno I (2001) Zoznam druhov Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera a Trichoptera známych z územia Slovenska. In: Stloukal E (ed) Databanka fauny Slovenska – stav a nové prírastky databáz DFS v roku 2001. Folia Faunistica Slovaca 6:157–168
Krno I (2003) Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Gidra River basin (Malé Karpaty Mts., Slovakia). Acta Zoologica Universitatis Comenianae 45: 53–67
Krno, I. (2006) Macrozoobenthos of two different catchment areas of the Tatra Mountain lakes with a special reference on the effects of acidification. Biologia, 61(suppl 18):181-184. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-006-0129-2
Krno I, Beracko P, Navara T, Šporka F, Mišíková Elexová E (2018) Changes in species composition of water insects during 25-year monitoring of the Danube floodplains affected by the Gabčíkovo waterworks. Environmental monitoring and assessment 190:412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6773-5
Krno I, Bulánková E, Halgoš J (1994a) Macrozoobenthos of the Morava river basin and tributaries of the Morava. Ekologia 13(suppl 1):63–76
Krno I, Illéšová D, Halgoš J (1994b) Temporal fauna of the Gidra Brook (Little Carpathians, Slovakia). Acta Zoologica Universitatis Comenianae 38:35–46
Krno I, Šporka F, Bulánková E, Deván P, Bitušík P, Kodada J, Pomichal R (1996) Limnology of the Turiec river basin (West Carpathians, Slovakia). Biologia 51(2):1–122
Krno I, Šporka F, Matis D, Tirjaková E, Halgoš J, Košel V., Bulánková E., Illéšová D (1999) Development of zoobenthos in the Slovak Danube inundation area after the Gabčíkovo hydropower structures began operating. In: Mucha I (ed) Gabčíkovo part of the hydroelectric power project – Environmental impact review. Ground Water Consulting, Bratislava, pp 175–200
Krno I, Valachová S (1999) Changes in macrozoobenthos of the Revúca river basin (the Veľká Fatra Mountains) during the period 1971-1993. Ekológia 18(3):310–324
Kumanski K (1988) Trichoptera, Integripalpia. Fauna Bulgarica19. Aedibus Akademiae Scientiarum Bulgaricae, Sofia
Küttner R, Wünschmann G (2011) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Limnofauna der Bobritzsch im Osterzgebirge. Mitteilungen des Naturschutzinstitutes Freiberg 6/7:81–105
Leitner P, Lorenz A (2020) Additional ecologcial preferences and biological traits classification for freshwaterecology.info, version 8.0 (accessed on 10.10.2023)
Lešťáková M, Mišíková Elexová E, Očadlík M, Ščerbáková S, Vráblová Z (2021) Bentické bezstavovce/ Benthic invertebrates. In: Mišíková Elexová E, Ščerbáková S, Lešťáková M, Plachá M (eds) Výsledky monitorovania vodných útvarov povrchových vôd Slovenska, Zoznam taxónov, Vodná fauna. VÚVH, Bratislava, 387 pp
Lukáš J (2004) Invasive and newly-recorded caddisflies (Trichoptera) from Slovakia. Biologia 59(5):685–686
Lukáš J, Chvojka P (2011) New faunistic records of Trichoptera from Slovakia. Klapalekiana 47:115–117
Lukáš J, Krno I (2003) Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Gidra River basin. Acta Zoologica Universitatis Comenianae 45:69–75
Maier J-K, Schweizer S (2005) Rote Liste und Artenverzeichnis der Köcherfliegen Baden-Württembergs. Naturschutz-Praxis, Artenschutz 8. Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg, Karlsruhe
Malicky H (2004) Atlas of European Trichoptera, 2nd edn. Springer, Dordrecht
Malicky H. (2009) Rote Liste der Köcherfliegen Österreichs (Insecta, Trichoptera). In: Zulka K P (ed) Rote Liste gefährdeter Tiere Österreichs. Checklisten, Gefährdungsanalysen, Handlungsbedarf. Teil 3: Flusskrebse, Köcherfliegen, Skorpione, Weberknechte, Zikaden. Grüne Reihe des Lebensministeriums (Gesamtherausgeberin Ruth Wallner) Band 14/3. Böhlau, Wien, pp 319–358Malicky H (2014) Lebensräume von Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera). Denisia 34:1–280
Mayer K (1935) Příspěvek k poznání chrostíků okolí Čilistova na Dunaji (Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Trichopteren in der Umgebung von Čilistov an der Donau). Sborník Klubu přírodovědeckého v Brně za rok 1934 17:73–78
Mayer K (1936a) První příspěvek k poznaní chrostíků Československé republiky (Erster Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Trichopteren der Čechoslovakischen Republik). Sborník Klubu přírodovědeckého v Brně za rok 1935 18:41–47
Mayer K (1936b) Příspěvek k poznání chrostíků jižního svahu Vysokých Tater (Zur Trichopterenfauna des südabhanges der Hohen Tatra). Bratislava 10:185–206
Mayer K (1937) Příspěvek k poznání chrostíků okolí Rajce (Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Trichopteren in der Umgebung von Rajec). Sborník Klubu přírodovědeckého v Brně za rok 1936 19:33–38
Mayer K (1938a) Druhý příspěvek k poznaní chrostíků Československé republiky (Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Trichopterenfauna der Čechoslovakischen Republik). Entomologické Listy 1:55–60
Mayer K (1938b) Entomologické poznámky I (Entomological notes I). Věda přírodní 19:182–183, 210–211
Mayer K (1939a) Čeleď Beraeidae (Trichoptera) v Republice česko-slovenské (Familie Beraeidae in der Tschecho-slowakischen Republik). Sborník Klubu přírodovědeckého v Brně za rok 1938 21:100–105
Mayer K (1939b) Entomologické poznámky z okolí Rajce (Entomologische Notizen aus der Umgebung von Rajec nad Rajčankou). Sborník Přírodovědeckého klubu v Třebíči za rok 1938 3:21–25
Mayer K (1939c) Trichopteren der ehemaligen Čechoslovakischen Republik. Entomologické Listy 2:24–36
Mey W (1983) Die terrestrischen Larven der Gattung Enoicyla Rambur in Mitteleuropa und ihre Verbreitung (Trichoptera). Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift 30:115–122
Mey W (2014) Die Köcherfliegenfauna des NSG Zarth bei Treuenbrietzen–ein Refugium für seltene Arten (Insecta, Trichoptera). Märkische Entomologische Nachrichten 16(2):175–192
Mocsáry A (1899) Ordo Neuroptera. In: Fauna Regni Hungariae. Regia Societas Scientiarum Naturalium Hungarica, Budapest, pp 33–44
Móra A, Juhász P, Kiss B, Müller Z (2006) Faunistical results of the Trichoptera investigations carried out in the frames of the ecological survey of the surface waters of Hungary (ECOSURV) in 2005. Folia historico-naturalia Musei Matraensis 30:359–367
Morse JC, Frandsen PB, Graf W, Thomas JA (2019) Diversity and ecosystem services of Trichoptera. Insects 10(5):125. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10050125
Navara T (2017) Vplyv antropogénneho diskontinua na štruktúru taxocenóz potočníkov rieky Váh (Impact of Anthropogenic Discontinuum on the Caddisfly Assemblages Structure of the Váh River). Dissertation, Comenius University, Bratislava, pp 167
Navara T, Chvojka P, Kokavec I, Lukáš J (2023) First record of Tinodes maculicornis (Pictet, 1834) (Trichoptera: Psychomyiidae) from the Pannonian region in Slovakia. Ecologica Montenegrina 62:112–116. https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2023.62.14
Navara T, Chvojka P, Pekarová S, Kokavec I (2021) Caddisflies of regulated and unregulated stretches of the lower Hron River (the Danube basin, Slovakia). Biodiversity & Environment 13(1):62–73
Navara T, Kokavec I, Cíbik J, Lukáš J, Chvojka P (2020a) Adicella syriaca (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Slovakia–the northernmost record from Central Europe. Spreading of an aquatic insect in the period of climate change? Biologia 75:2321–2326. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-020-00486-y
Navara T, Lukáš J. Cíbik J, Chvojka P (2020b) Contribution to the knowledge of the caddisfly fauna (Trichoptera) of the Váh River (the Danube basin, Slovakia). Biodiversity & Environment 12(1):42–51
Neu PJ, Malicky H, Graf W, Schmidt-Kloiber A (2018) Distribution atlas of European Trichoptera. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 84. Teil. ConchBooks, Harxheim
Nógrádi S (1988) New data to the caddisfly (Trichoptera) fauna of Hungary, II. Folia Entomologica Hungarica 49: 205–210
Nógrádi S (2001) Further data to the caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Hungary. Folia historico-naturalia Musei Matraensis 25:83–90
Nógrádi S, Uherkovich Á (1987) Supplement to the knowledge of the caddisfly fauna (Trichoptera) of Slovakia. Kiegészítések Szlovákia tegzes faunájának (Trichoptera) ismeretéhez. Folia historico-naturalia Musei Matraensis 12:53–68
Nógrádi S, Uherkovich Á (1999) Protected and threatened caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Hungary. In: Malicky H, Chantaramongkol P (eds) Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiangmai, pp 291–297
Nógrádi S, Uherkovich Á (2002) Magyarország tegzesei (Trichoptera). Dunántúli Dolgozatok Természettudományi Sorozat 11:1–386
Novák K, Obr S (1966) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera) in der Slowakei. Acta rerum naturalium Musei Nationalis Slovaci Bratislava 12:33–43
Novák K, Obr S (1977) Trichoptera. In: Dlabola J (ed) Check list tschechoslowakische Insektenfauna, suppl 4. Acta entomologica musei nationalis Pragae, Suppl. 4:135–141
Novikmec M, Svitok M, Bulánková E, Čiamporová-Zaťovičová Z, Derka T, Halgoš J, Hamerlík L, Illéšová D, Illyová M, Krno I, Lukáš J, Némethová D, Pastuchová Z, Stašiov S, Šporka F, Štefková E, Tirjaková E, Tomajka J, Bitušík P (2007) Limnology of streams in the Poloniny National Park (the East Carpathians, Slovakia). Vydavateľstvo TU vo Zvolene, Zvolen
O’Connor J. P. 2015: A catalogue and atlas of the caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Ireland. Occasional Publication of the Irish Biogeographical Society 11: 1-646.
Obr S (1984) Chrostíci (Trichoptera) ulovení na světlo v Československu. Práce z oboru botaniky a zoologie 1980–1983:77–92
Oláh J, Andersen T, Beshkov S, Coppa G, Ruiz Garcia A, Johanson KA (2019) Revision of European Wormaldia species (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae): Chimeric taxa of integrative organisation. Opuscula Zoologica Budapest 50(1):31–85 https://doi.org/10.18348/opzool.2019.1.31
Oláh J, Chvojka P, Coppa G, Godunko RJ, Lodovici O, Majecka K, Majecki J, Szczęsny B, Urbanic G, Valle M (2015) Limnephilid taxa revised by speciation traits: Rhadicoleptus, Isogamus, Melampophylax genera, Chaetopteryx rugulosa, Psilopteryx psorosa species groups, Drusus bolivari, Annitella kosciuszkii species complexes (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Opuscula Zoologica Budapest 46(1):3–117 https://doi.org/10.18348/opzool.2015.1.3
Pazsiczky J (1914) Adatok Trencsén vármegye recésszárnyú rovarainak faunájához. A Trencsénvár megyei Muzeum – egyesület értesitöje: 76–83
Pomichal R (1979) Trichoptera centrálnej časti Malých Karpát a juhozápadného okraja Trnavskej sprašovej pahorkatiny. Práce Slovenskej entomologickej spoločnosti pri SAV 1:203–209
Pomichal R (1984a) Príspevok k faune potočníkov (Trichoptera) Podunajskej nížiny. Spravodajca Žitno-ostrovského múzea 8:67–80
Pomichal R (1984b) Spoločenstvá vodného hmyzu Malých Karpát so zreteľom na potočníky (Trichoptera). Dissertation, Prírodovedecká fakulta Univerzity Komenského v Bratislave
Pomichal R (1986) Potočníky (Trichoptera) Dunaja a dunajských ramien. Správy Slovenskej zoologickej spoločnosti pri SAV 12:136–138
Pongrácz S (1914) Magyarorszag Neuropteroidai. Rovartani Lapok 21:109–155
Reid AJ, Carlson AK, Creed IF, Eliason EJ, Gell PA, Johnson PT et al (2019) Emerging threats and persistent conservation challenges for freshwater biodiversity. Biological Reviews 94(3):849-873. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12480
Robert B (2016) Rote Liste und Gesamtartenliste der Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera) Deutschlands. In: Gruttke H, Balzer S, Binot-Hafke M, Haupt H, Hofbauer N, Ludwig G, Matzke-Hajek G, Ries M (eds) Rote Liste der gefährdeten Tiere, Pflanzen und Pilze Deutschlands, Band 4, Wirbellose Tiere (Teil 2). Bonn (Bundesamt für Naturschutz), Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt 70, pp 101–135
Rúfusová A, Krno I, Šporka F (2014) Vývoj spoločenstiev makroevertebrát rieky Turiec. Zborník Slovenského národného múzea v Martine, Kmetianum 13, 211–233
Sánchez-Bayo F, Wyckhuys KAG (2019) Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers. Biological conservation 232:8-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.01.020
Schmedtje U, Colling M (1996) Ökologische Typisierung der aquatischen Makrofauna. Informationsberichte des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Wasserwirtschaft, München
Schmidt-Kloiber A, Neu PJ, Malicky M, Pletterbauer F, Malicky H, Graf W (2017) Aquatic biodiversity in Europe: a unique dataset on the distribution of Trichoptera species with important implications for conservation. Hydrobiologia 797(1):11–27 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3116-4
Sedlák E (1963) Nekolik nálezů chrostíků (Trichoptera) z Nízkych Tater. Publ Fac Sci Univ J E Purk Brno 6(444):287–292
Sedlák E (1980) Rad Trichoptera. In: Rozkošný R (ed) Klíč vodních larev hmyzu, Academia, Pražská akademie věd, Praha
Sedlák E (1999) Trichoptera. In: Opravilová V, Vaňhara J, Sukop I (eds) Aquatic invertebrates of the Pálava Biosphere Reserve of UNESCO, Folia Facultatis scientiarum naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia 101: 201–206
Šípoš P (1991) Vplyv znečistenia na zloženie makrofauny riečky Mútňanky. In: Prehl'ad odbor. výsledkov 27 . TOP (Oravská priehrada), pp 49–54
Šporka F, Krno I, Lukáš J (1998) Vplyv regulácie na štruktúru makrozoobentosu Drietomice a Rajčianky. Sborník Přírodovědného klubu v Uherském Hradišti 3:36–44
Sýkora J (1963) Some interesting species of caddisflies from Czechoslovakia (Trichoptera). Biológia 18:588–592
Szczęsny B, Godunko RJ (2008) Catalogue of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of Ukraine. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv
Uherkovich Á, Nógrádi S (2005) Middle-term changes in caddisfly (Trichoptera) communities of the Hungarian part of the Dráva River during the years 1992–2004. Natura Somogyiensis 7:49–62. https://doi.org/10.24394/NatSom.2005.7.49
Urbanič G (2006) Distribution and structure of Trichoptera assemblages in the ecoregion “Hungarian lowland” in Slovenia. In: Proceedings 36th International Conference of IAD, Vienna, Austria, 4 –8 September 2006. Austrian Committee Danube Research/IAD, Vienna.
Urbanič G, Waringer J, Rotar B (2004) The larva and pupa of Ceraclea riparia (Albarda, 1874) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). Aquatic insects 25(4):259–267. https://doi.org/10.1076/aqin.25.4.259.26217
Van Kleef HH, van Duinen G-J A, Verberk WCEP, Leuven RSEW, van der Velde G, Esselink H (2012) Moorland pools as refugia for endangered species characteristic of raised bog gradients. Journal for Nature Conservation 20: 255–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2012.05.001
Wallace ID (2016) A review of the status of the caddis flies (Trichoptera) of Great Britain - Species Status No.27. Natural England Commissioned Reports, Number191
Waringer J, Graf W (2002) Ecology, morphology and distribution of Ptilocolepus granulatus (Pictet 1834) (Insecta: Trichoptera) in Austria. Lauterbornia 43:121–129
Waringer J, Graf W (1997) Atlas der Ősterreichischen Köcherfliegenlarven unter Einschluß der angrenzenden Gebiete. Facultas Universitätsverlag, Wien
Waringer J, Graf W (2011) Atlas der mitteleuropäischen Köcherfliegenlarven: Atlas of Central European Trichoptera Larvae. Erik Mauch Verlag, Dinkelscherben
Waringer J, Malicky H, Graf W, Vitecek S (2017) The larva of Adicella syriaca, including a key to the European larvae of Adicella McLachlan, 1877 (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae). ZooKeys 711: 131–140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.711.20121
Waringer J, Urbanič G, Rotar B (2005) The larva of Ceraclea riparia (Albarda, 1874) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). Lauterbornia 54:165–166
Zaťovičová Z, Novikmec M (2003) Trichoptera. In: Šporka F (ed) Vodné bezstavovce (makroevertebráta) Slovenska, súpis druhov a autekologické charakteristiky (Slovak aquatic macroinvertebrates checklist and catalogue of autecological notes). Slovenský hydrometeorologický ústav, Bratislava, pp 160–175

Download PDF

Journal Publication

published 18 Jul, 2024

Read the published version in Biologia →

Reviewers agreed at journal
14 Mar, 2024
Reviewers invited by journal
13 Mar, 2024
Editor assigned by journal
25 Feb, 2024
First submitted to journal
22 Feb, 2024

You are reading this latest preprint version

New and interesting records of rare caddisflies (Trichoptera, Insecta) from Slovakia with comments on their ecology and conservation status

Status:

Journal Publication

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

Introduction

Material and methods

Results and discussion

Conclusion

Declarations

Acknowledgements

References

Status:

Journal Publication

Version 1