Extensive road projects exert significant impact on the environment owing to removal of the green sink, in addition clearing vegetation for roads pose a sever warning to the climate and continues till the new vegetation grown up fully. Infrastructure of transportation sector pose so much of risk to the surrounding environment as devegitation is one of the most disparaging activities tend to accumulate carbon compounds in the atmosphere. Exceptionally these are specific to site, at the time of project feasibility study they can be identified (World Bank, 2012). Burning of fossil fuel, deforestation from the past few decades lead to the global warming and loss of biodiversity (Van der Werf et al., 2009). Warming of earth and biodiversity loss is much contemplated and two important issues among policy makers and scientists in recent past. Natural forest ecosystems have the tremendous capacity to absorb and store the carbon than artificially grown forests by selection of species (Zhang et al., 2011). The temperature of earth is raising and is getting higher at a rate of 0.15 to 0.2oC per decade; a NASA’s GISS study has revealed (Butler, 2007). A raise in earth temperature by 0.74°C and the concentration of atmospheric CO2 is at 379 ppm, the last century finished with (IPCC, 2013; UNFCCC, 2007). In addition, atmospheric CO2 would be doubled by the year 2050 if the existing rate of raise go on with and will lead to the rise of earth warmth up to 2–4°C (IPCC, 2013). Environmentally speaking, road networks often have been acknowledged as one of the most substantial human interference to the earth’s ecosystem and to reduce the burden on the ecosystems and ecosystem preservation a proactive planning is important for infrastructure projects (Laurance William and Irene Burgués Arrea, 2017; Laurance William et al., 2015).
Now, major road projects pose ample environmental hazards like devegitation, rise of carbon levels in the atmosphere, change of local climate etc., due to its varied and widespread infrastructure investments. To combat the problem, now trees out of forests (TOF) are the good remedy and prioritize for their decisive role. Though the TOF is important, a study at Telineelapuram revealed is using for different purposes and facing pressure due to under private ownership (Ramamohan, 2017). The distinct information on trees outside forests is a governing factor in estimating TOF potential in carbon confiscation, which is missing at root level and this has become major obstacle. Moreover, TOF are captivating a massive role in the examination of atmospheric carbon levels. The latest forest status report is revealed that the total forest cover and trees outside forests in India is 21.34% and 2.82% respectively (FSIISFR, 2015) is highlighting the importance of the trees outside of the forest. The roads built long back still supporting local economy, shaping the modern landscapes and enhancing the state of environment (Dalgaard et al., 2018). Hence, for intended and methodical management, effective resources management and sustainable development of TOF perform a key role in promoting the environmental quality and economy of a state as forests do (FSI, 2005-06; Kleinn, 2000). The developmental projects have exclusive and quantifiable impacts, but road projects, due to their enormous geographic contact, produce multifaceted and possible broad range environmental jeopardizes. The upsurge of atmospheric pollution and warming of earth is due to removing of larger forest areas for variety of land use purposes and undergoing severe degradation. TOF probably take out the CO2 of atmosphere, under the concerned existing development TOF are the instantaneous stabilizers that too the vegetation is of different kind (mixed) and at righteous age. From all the three types of sampling plots established to estimate the growing stock at TOF a total of 28 species encountered and all are sequestering the considerable carbon (Srinivasa Rao et al., 2012). A tree in tropical country sequester the carbon per year is around 22.68 kg and around 0.0622 kg per day, once they attain complete maturity stage the carbon deposited from such trees is become null. The magnitude of carbon sequestered and stored up is prejudiced by different factors such as enzymes like rubisco which influences the photosynthetic rates, storage of carbon as non structural soluble carbohydrates (NSC) pool and with increase in elevated atmospheric CO2, carbon assimilation will also increase in trees with available nutrients in soils especially nitrogen (Peter Millard et al., 2007).
It is acknowledged that five carbon stocks of the land based ecosystem by the IPCC involving biomass are aboveground, belowground biomass, litter, wreckage of wood and organic matter in soil. Globally the total amount of carbon in vegetation, soil and detritus is around 2, 200 giga tons, it is anticipated that the quantity of carbon confiscated annually by the land based ecosystems is about 2.6 giga tons. In addition to that the oceans as well collect the carbon and the quantity found beneath the surface is approximately 920 giga tons. The quantity of carbon stock in ocean sink exceeds the amount present in the atmosphere (around 760 giga tons), the carbon emanated into the atmosphere by all human activities only 45% is leftover in the atmosphere, about 30% is taken up by the oceans and the remainder is incorporated into the terrestrial ecosystems (https://www.britannica.com/technology/carbon-sequestration). Out of all, the AGB represents the major fraction of the carbon stock. The main objective of the present study is to conduct an evaluation of broad range probable impacts were prepared on the statistics realized through survey and ground truth analysis. However, this study aimed to reveal C-stock estimates and CO2 sequestered in vegetation of both AGB and BGB along the National Higway-16 (Asian Highway-45), Srikakulam district, A. P., India. Since, hardly any attempts have been made to study the probable role in carbon confiscation by the trees out of forest. Furthermore, the fact that relatively less investigation has been made on tropical tree species as compared to temperate regions. This study addressing road transportation projects, their impacts, mitigation strategies, conservation and early integrated development.