1.Kessler RC. The costs of depression. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2012;35(1):1–14.
2.Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593–602.
3.Wittchen HU. Generalized anxiety disorder: prevalence, burden, and cost to society.. Depress Anxiety. 2002;16(4):162–71.
4.Greenberg PE, Sisitsky T, Kessler RC, Finkelstein SN, Berndt ER, Davidson JR, et al. The economic burden of anxiety disorders in the 1990s. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60(7):427–35.
5.Olesen J, A. G, M. S, H. U. W, B. J, group Cs, et al. The economic cost of brain disorders in Europe. Eur J Neurol. 2012;19(1):155–62.
6.Hoffman DL, Dukes EM, Wittchen HU. Human and economic burden of generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(1):72–90.
7.Andlin-Sobocki P, Wittchen HU. Cost of Anxiety Disorders in Europe. Eur J Neurol. 2005;12(Suppl 1):39–44.
8.Penninx BWJH, Nolen WA, Lamers F, Zitman FG, Smit JH, Spinhoven P, et al. Two-year course of depressive and anxiety disorders: Results from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Journal of Affective Disorders. 2011;133(1–2):76–85.
9.Moffitt TE, Harrington H, Caspi A, Kim-Cohen J, Goldberg D, Gregory AM, et al. Depression and generalized anxiety disorder: cumulative and sequential comorbidity in a birth cohort followed prospectively to age 32 years. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(6):651–60.
10.Brown GW, Harris TO, Eales MJ. Social factors and comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders. Br J Psychiatry Supp. 1996;30:50–7.
11.Sherbourne CD, Wells KB. Course of depression in patients with comorbid anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord. 1997;43(3):245–50.
12.Butler AC, Chapman JE, Forman EM, Beck AT. The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses. Clinical psychology review. 2006;26(1):17–31.
13.Hidalgo RB, Tupler LA, Davidson JR. An effect-size analysis of pharmacologic treatments for generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2007;21(8):864–72.
14.Baldwin DS, Anderson IM, Nutt DJ, Bandelow B, Bond A, Davidson JR, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2005;19(6):567–96.
15.Hofmann SG, J. A. S. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(4):621–32.
16.Baldwin DS, Waldman S, Allgulander C. Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011;14(5):697–710.
17.Hollon SD, Stewart MO, Strunk D. Enduring effects for cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Annual Review of Psychology. 2006;57:285–315.
18.Mitte K. Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatments for generalized anxiety disorder: a comparison with pharmacotherapy. Psychol Bull. 2005;131(5):785–95.
19.Cuijpers P, Sijbrandij M, Koole S, Huibers M, Berking M, Andersson G. Psychological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis Clinical Psychology Review. 2014;34(2):130–40.
20.Olatunji BO, Cisler JM, Deacon BJ. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: a review of meta-analytic findings. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2010;33(3):557–77.
21.Hunot V, Churchill R, Silva de Lima M, Teixeira V. Psychological therapies for generalised anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007(1):CD001848.
22.Marciniak MD, Lage MJ, Dunayevich E, Russell JM, Bowman L, Landbloom RP, et al. The cost of treating anxiety: the medical and demographic correlates that impact total medical costs. Depression and Anxiety. 2005;21(4):178–84.
23.Sanislow CA, Pine DS, Quinn KJ, Kozak MJ, Garvey MA, Heinssen RK, et al. Developing constructs for psychopathology research: research domain criteria. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2010;119(4):631–9.
24.Craske MG. Honoring the past, envisioning the future: ABCT’s 50th anniversary presidential address. Behavior therapy. 2018;49(2):151–64.
25.Fernandes BS, Williams LM, Steiner J, Leboyer M, Carvalho AF, Berk M. The new field of ‘precision psychiatry’. BMC Medicine 2017;15(80).
26.McMahon F. Prediction of treatment outcomes in psychiatry—where do we stand? Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2014;16(4):455–64.
27.Pollack MH, Meoni P, Otto MW, Simon N, Hackett D. Predictors of outcome following venlafaxine extended-release treatment of DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder: a pooled analysis of short- and long-term studies. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003;23(3):250–9.
28.Arch JJ, Ayers CR. Which treatment worked better for whom? Moderators of group cognitive behavioral therapy versus adapted mindfulness based stress reduction for anxiety disorders. Behav Res Ther. 2013;51(8):434–42.
29.Altamura AC, Dell’osso B, D’Urso N, Russo M, Fumagalli S, Mundo E. Duration of untreated illness as a predictor of treatment response and clinical course in generalized anxiety disorder. CNS Spectr. 2008;13(5):415–22.
30.Shin LM, Liberzon I. The neurocircuitry of fear, stress, and anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35(1):169–91.
31.Paulesu E, Sambugaro E, Torti T, Danelli L, Ferri F, Scialfa G, et al. Neural correlates of worry in generalized anxiety disorder and in normal controls: a functional MRI study. Psychological Medicine. 2010;40(117–124).
32.Blair KS, Blair R. A cognitive neuroscience approach to Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Social Phobia. Emotion Review. 2012;4(2):133–8.
33.Santos VA, Carvalho DD, Van Ameringen M, Nardi AE, Freire RC. Neuroimaging findings as predictors of treatment outcome of psychotherapy in anxiety disorders. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2019;91:60–71.
34.Ball TM, Stein MB, Ramsawh HJ, Campbell-Sills L, Paulus MP. Single-subject anxiety treatment outcome prediction using functional neuroimaging. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014;39(5):1254–61.
35.Behar E, DiMarco ID, Hekler EB, Mohlman J, Staples AM. Current theoretical models of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): conceptual review and treatment implications. J Anxiety Disord. 2009;23(8):1011–23.
36.Aupperle RL, Paulus MP. Neural systems underlying approach and avoidance in anxiety disorders. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 2010;12(4):305–19.
37.Gray JA, McNaughton N. The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system 2nd ed. ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2000.
38.McNaughton N, Corr PJ. A two-dimensional neuropsychology of defense: fear/anxiety and defensive distance. NeurosciBiobehavRev. 2004;28(3):285–305.
39.Millan MJ. The neurobiology and control of anxious states. Prog Neurobiol. 2003;70(2):83–244.
40.Kirlic N, Young J, Aupperle RL. Animal to human translational paradigms relevant for approach avoidance conflict decision making. Behaviour research and therapy. 2017;96:14–29.
41.Millan MJ, Brocco M. The Vogel conflict test: procedural aspects, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate and monoamines. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003;463(1–3):67–96.
42.Aupperle RL, Melrose AJ, Francisco A, Paulus MP, Stein MB. Neural substrates of approach-avoidance conflict decision-making. Human Brain Mapping. 2014.
43.Aupperle RL, Sullivan S, Melrose AJ, Paulus MP, Stein MB. A reverse translational approach to quantify approach-avoidance conflict in humans. Behavioural brain research. 2011;225(2):455–63.
44.Craske M, DH. B. Mastery of your anxiety and worry. 2nd edition ed. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 2006.
45.Dillon DG, Rosso IM, Pechtel P, Killgore WD, Rauch SL, Pizzagalli DA. Peril and pleasure: An RDOC‐inspired examination of threat responses and reward processing in anxiety and depression. Depression and anxiety. 2014;31(3):233–49.
46.Cuijpers P, van Straten A, Warmerdam L. Behavioral activation treatments of depression: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review. 2007;27(3):318–26.
47.Craske MG. Anxiety Disorders: Psychological Approaches to Theory and Treatment: Westview Press; 1999.
48.Craske MG, Roy-Byrne PP, Stein MB, Sullivan G, Sherbourne C, Bystritsky A. Treatment for anxiety disorders: Efficacy to effectiveness to implementation. Behav Res Ther. 2009;47(11):931–7.
49.Craske MG, Barlow DH. Mastery of your anxiety and worry. 2nd ed. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 2006.
50.Craske MG. Cognitive-behavioral Therapy: American Psychological Association; 2010.
51.Martell CR, Dimidjian S, Herman-Dunn R. Behavioral activation for depression: A clinician’s guide.: Guilford Press.; 2013.
52.Dimidjian S, Hollon SD, Dobson KS, Schmaling KB, Kohlenberg RJ, Addis ME, et al. Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. J Consult Clin Psychol 2006;74(4):658–70.
53.Dobson KS, Hollon SD, Dimidjian S, Schmaling KB, Kohlenberg RJ, Gallop RJ, et al. Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the prevention of relapse and recurrence in major depression. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008;76(3):468–77.
54.Sheehan DV, Harnett-Sheehan K, Raj BA. The measurement of disability. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996;11(3):89–95.
55.Schalet BD, Pilkonis PA, Yu L, Dodds N, Johnston KL, Yount S, et al. Clinical validity of PROMIS Depression, Anxiety, and Anger across diverse clinical samples. J Clin Epidemiol. 2016;73:119–27.
56.Beck AT, Steer RA, Ball R, Ranieri W. Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment 1996;67(3):588–97.
57.Meyer TJ, Miller ML, Metzger RL, Borkovec TD. Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behav Res Ther. 1990;28(6):487–95.
58.Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM–5®): American Psychiatric Pub; 2013.
59.Norman SB, Hami Cissell S, Means‐Christensen AJ, Stein MB. Development and validation of an overall anxiety severity and impairment scale (OASIS). Depression and Anxiety. 2006;23(4):245–9.
60.Arch JJ, Ayers CR, Baker A, Almklov E, Dean DJ, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of adapted mindfulness-based stress reduction versus group cognitive behavioral therapy for heterogeneous anxiety disorders. Behaviour research and therapy 2013;51(4–5):185–96.
61.Craske MG, Treanor M, Conway CC, Zbozinek T, Vervliet B. Maximizing exposure therapy: an inhibitory learning approach. Behaviour research and therapy. 2014;58:10–23.
62.Craske MG, Kircanski K, Zelikowsky M, Mystkowski J, Chowdhury N, Baker A. Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy. Behaviour research and therapy 2008;46(1):5–27.
63.Martell CR, Addis ME, Jacobson NS. Depression in Context: Strategies for Guided Action. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc; 2001.
64.Craske MG. Anxiety disorders: Psychological approaches to theory and treatment. Basic Books; 1999.
65.Craske MG. Origins of phobias and anxiety disorders: Why more women than men?: Elsevier; 2003.
66.Dimidjian S, Goodman SH, Sherwood NE, Simon GE, Ludman E, Gallop R, et al. A pragmatic randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation for depressed pregnant women. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2017;85(1):26.
67.Schaich A, Heikaus L, Assmann N, Köhne S, Jauch-Chara K, Hüppe M, et al. PRO*MDD Study Protocol: Effectiveness of Outpatient Treatment Programs for Major Depressive Disorder: Metacognitive Therapy vs. Behavioral Activation a Single-Center Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Psychiatry. 2018;19(9):584.
68.Dimidjian S, Hubley A, Martell C, Herman-Dunn A, Dobson K. The Quality of Behavioral Activation Scale (Q-BAS). 2012.
69.Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. Journal of Biomedical Informatics. 2009;42(2):377–81.
70.Heuer K, Rinck M, Becker ES. Avoidance of emotional facial expressions in social anxiety: The Approach-Avoidance Task. BehavResTher. 2007;45(12):2990–3001.
71.Rinck M, Becker ES. Approach and avoidance in fear of spiders. J BehavTherExpPsychiatry. 2007;38(2):105–20.
72.Lang PJ, Bradley MM, Cuthbert BN. International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual, Technical Report A–8. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida; 2008.
73.Bradley MM, Lang PJ. International affective digitized sounds (IADS): Stimuli, instruction manual, and affective ratings Gainesville, FL: The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida.: Tech. Rep. No. B–2; 1999.
74.Cox RW. AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages. Comput Biomed Res. 1996;29(3):162–73.
75.Kraemer HC, Wilson GT, Fairburn CG, Agras WS. Mediators and moderators of treatment effects in randomized clinical trials. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59(10):877–83.
76.Tibshirani R. Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological). 1996;58(1):267–88.
77.Ramsay J, Silverman BW. Functional Data Analysis. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.; 2005.
78.MacKinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Hoffman JM, West SG, Sheets V. A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychol Methods. 2002;7(1):83–104.
79.Bureau A, Dupuis J, Falls K, Lunetta KL, Hayward B, Keith TP, et al. Identifying SNPs predictive of phenotype using random forests. Genet Epidemiol. 2005;28(2):171–82.
80.McClure EB, Adler A, Monk CS, Cameron J, Smith S, Nelson EE, et al. fMRI predictors of treatment outcome in pediatric anxiety disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007;191(1):97–105.
81.Nitschke JB, Sarinopoulos I, Oathes DJ, Johnstone T, Whalen PJ, Davidson RJ, et al. Anticipatory Activation in the Amygdala and Anterior Cingulate in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Prediction of Treatment Response. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;166(3):302–10.
82.Chambless DL, Tran GQ, Glass CR. Predictors of response to cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Anxiety Disord. 1997;11(3):221–40.
83.Farchione TJ, Fairholme CP, Ellard KK, Boisseau CL, Thompson-Hollands J, Carl JR, et al. Unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Behavior therapy. 2012;43(3):666–78.
84.Czajkowski SM, Powell LH, Adler N, Naar-King S, Reynolds KD, Hunter CM, et al. From ideas to efficacy: The ORBIT model for developing behavioral treatments for chronic diseases. Health Psychology. 2015;34(10):971.
85.Young KD, Zotev V, Phillips R, Misaki M, Drevets WC, Bodurka J. Amygdala real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback for major depressive disorder: A review. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2018;72(7):466–81.
86.Loo CK, Mitchell PB. A review of the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment for depression, and current and future strategies to optimize efficacy. Journal of affective disorders. 2005;88(3):255–67.
87.Clausen AN, Thelen J, Francisco AJ, Bruce J, Martin L, McDowd J, et al. Computer-Based Executive Function Training for Combat Veterans With PTSD: A Pilot Clinical Trial Assessing Feasibility and Predictors of Dropout. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2019;10.
88.Amir N, Beard C, Burns M, Bomyea J. Attention modification program in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of abnormal psychology. 2009;118(1):28.
89.Bar‐Haim Y. Research review: attention bias modification (ABM): a novel treatment for anxiety disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2010;51(8):859–70.
90.Jak AJ, Aupperle R, Rodgers CS, Lang AJ, Schiehser DM, Norman SB, et al. Evaluation of a hybrid treatment for Veterans with comorbid traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemporary clinical trials. 2015;45:210–6.
91.Choi DC, Rothbaum BO, Gerardi M, Ressler KJ. Pharmacological enhancement of behavioral therapy: focus on posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavioral neurobiology of anxiety and its treatment: Springer; 2009. p. 279–99.
92.Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, et al. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M. I. N. I.): development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59 Suppl 20:22–33.
93.Pedrelli P, Blais MA, Alpert JE, Shelton RC, Walker RS, Fava M. Reliability and validity of the Symptoms of Depression Questionnaire (SDQ). CNS spectrums. 2014;19(6):535–46.
94.Spielberger C. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y) Manual. Palo Alto. CA: Mind Garden. 1983.
95.Taylor S, Koch WJ, McNally RJ, Crockett DJ. Conceptualizations of anxiety sensitivity. Psychological Assessment. 1992;4(2):245.
96.Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD–7. Archives of internal medicine. 2006;166(10):1092–7.
97.Buhr K, Dugas MJ. The intolerance of uncertainty scale: Psychometric properties of the English version. Behaviour research and therapy. 2002;40(8):931–45.
98.Baker SL, Heinrichs N, Kim H-J, Hofmann SG. The Liebowitz social anxiety scale as a self-report instrument: a preliminary psychometric analysis. Behaviour research and therapy. 2002;40(6):701–15.
99.Shear MK, Rucci P, Williams J, Frank E, Grochocinski V, Vander Bilt J, et al. Reliability and validity of the Panic Disorder Severity Scale: replication and extension. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2001;35(5):293–6.
100.Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ–9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606–13.
101.Kanter JW, Mulick PS, Busch AM, Berlin KS, Martell CR. The Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS): psychometric properties and factor structure. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 2007;29(3):191.
102.Brown SA, Myers MG, Lippke L, Tapert SF, Stewart DG, Vik PW. Psychometric evaluation of the Customary Drinking and Drug Use Record (CDDR): a measure of adolescent alcohol and drug involvement. J Stud Alcohol. 1998;59(4):427–38.
103.Vrana S, Lauterbach D. Prevalence of traumatic events and post-traumatic psychological symptoms in a nonclinical sample of college students. J Trauma Stress. 1994;7(2):289–302.
104.Bernstein DP, Fink L, Handelsman L, Foote J, Lovejoy M, Wenzel K, et al. Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. The American journal of psychiatry. 1994;151(8):1132.
105.Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1988;54(6):1063.
106.Carver CS, White TL. Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: the BIS/BAS scales. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1994;67(2):319.
107.Burns GL, Keortge SG, Formea GM, Sternberger LG. Revision of the Padua Inventory of obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms: distinctions between worry, obsessions, and compulsions. Behaviour research and therapy. 1996;34(2):163–73.
108.John OP, Srivastava S. The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. Handbook of personality: Theory and research. 1999;2(1999):102–38.
109.Mehling WE, Price C, Daubenmier JJ, Acree M, Bartmess E, Stewart A. The multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness (MAIA). PloS one. 2012;7(11):e48230.
110.Carpenter JS, Andrykowski MA. Psychometric evaluation of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Journal of psychosomatic research. 1998;45(1):5–13.
111.Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine & science in sports & exercise. 2003;35(8):1381–95.
112.Devilly GJ, Borkovec TD. Psychometric properties of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2000;31(2):73–86.
113.Kazantzis N, Deane FP, Ronan KR. Assessing compliance with homework assignments: review and recommendations for clinical practice. J Clin Psychol. 2004;60(6):627–41.
114.Hatcher RL, Gillaspy JA. Development and validation of a revised short version of the Working Alliance Inventory. Psychotherapy Research. 2006;16(1):12–25.
115.Kaida K, Takahashi M, Åkerstedt T, Nakata A, Otsuka Y, Haratani T, et al. Validation of the Karolinska sleepiness scale against performance and EEG variables. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2006;117(7):1574–81.
116.Broderick JE, DeWitt EM, Rothrock N, Crane PK, Forrest CB. Advances in patient-reported outcomes: the NIH PROMIS® measures. Egems. 2013;1(1).
117.Salsman JM, Butt Z, Pilkonis PA, Cyranowski JM, Zill N, Hendrie HC, et al. Emotion assessment using the NIH Toolbox. Neurology. 2013;80(11 Supplement 3):S76-S86.
118.Matsumoto D, Ekman P. Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE) San Francisco State University: San Francisco, CA.: Intercultural and Emotion Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology; 1988.
119.Wilkinson GS, Robertson GJ. Wide Range Achievement Test 4 professional manual. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 2006.
120.Delis DC, Kaplan E. Delis-Kaplan executive function battery. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 2001.
121.Wechsler D, Coalson DL, Raiford SE. WAIS-IV technical and interpretive manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 2008.
122.Delis DC, Kramer JH, Kaplan E, Ober BA. The California verbal learning test. Second ed. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation; 2000.