The paper seeks to outline the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on collaborative networks (CNs) by thoroughly examining the current literature. Given the growth of AI and its limited exploration in many business strategies, especially when collaboration among networked partners is established, this paper focuses on defining the research lines and AI application in CN processes by advancing some relevant ideas about how AI can improve networks’ resilience and antifragility. It discusses research on the integration of AI in CN from the following perspectives: (i) the collaborative processes addressed, (ii) the level of decision-making, (iii) the partners involved in the collaboration; (iv) the technologies that are jointly used with AI to support CN processes; (v) the programming languages implemented to develop AI algorithms; (vi) the sectors in which it AI is mainly implemented, and (vi) the potentialities of IA in CN in an increasingly turbulent and disruptive business world. The literature review has provided a global comprehension of the interplay between CN processes and AI-driven advancements, providing a response about the technologies that can merge with AI to support CN processes. The results derived from the literature analysis have allowed the establishment of a conceptual framework for AI use in CNs and outline future research directions in this field of study.