Mark I. Pensler et al.[18] | 1980 | 1 | 21y | M | 7d | right-sided hemiplegia | (-) | (-) | / | diffuse infiltration | left middle cerebral artery (MCA) | neurological sequelae |
Mulder LJ et al.[19] | 1987 | 1 | 30y | F | 7d | right-sided hemiplegia, aphasia | (-) | FDP | (-) | diffuse infiltration | left middle cerebral artery (MCA) | recovery |
Dowd AB et al.[20] | 1987 | 1 | 31y | M | 21d | left-sided hemiplegia | / | / | (-) | / | right middle cerebral artery (MCA) | neurological sequelae |
Pongsakdi Visudhiphan et al.[21] | 1992 | 1 | 12y | F | 10d | right-sided hemiplegia, right-sided facial palsy | (-) | / | (-) | consolidation, pleural fluid | left internal carotid artery (ICA) | neurological sequelae |
Michael Fu et al.[22] | 1998 | 1 | 5y | F | 10d | right-sided hemiplegia, aphasia | (-) | fibrinogen, FDP, D-dimer | (-) | consolidation | left middle cerebral artery (MCA) | neurological sequelae |
Claudio S. Padovan et al.[23] | 2001 | 1 | 36y | F | 8d | left-sided hemiplegia, left facial palsy | MP-PCR, antibody (+) | APTT, D-dimer level | antinuclear antibodies, anticardiolipin antibodies | diffuse infiltration | right middle cerebral artery (MCA) | recovery |
Philippe Ovetchkine et al.[24] | 2001 | 1 | 8y | M | / | left-sided hemiplegia | (-) | (-) | (-) | / | Sylvian territory | recovery |
Charalampos Antachopoulos et al.[25] | 2002 | 1 | 8y | M | 14d | right-sided hemiplegia | (-) | (-) | (-) | normal | left basilar cerebral artery | neurological sequelae |
S. Sotgiu et al.[26] | 2003 | 1 | 36y | F | 14d | right-sided hemiplegia, aphasia, lowered consciousness | / | (-) | / | normal | left middle cerebral artery (MCA) | neurological sequelae |
Salvatore Leonardi et al.[27] | 2005 | 2 | 6y/5y | M/F | 3d/14d | lowered consciousness/ hypotonia and foot drop gait | MP antibody (+)/ MP antibody (+) | (-)/(-) | (-)/(-) | interstitial infiltration/normal | left middle cerebral artery (MCA)/left middle cerebral artery (MCA) | death/ recovery |
Chun-Yi Lee et al.[28] | 2009 | 1 | 4y | M | 9d | irritability and dysarthria | (-) | fibrinogen, D-dimer, FDP | (-) | consolidation, pleural fluid | internal carotid artery (ICA), vertebral arteries | death |
Ju Seok Ryu et al.[29] | 2009 | 1 | 13y | M | / | left-sided hemiplegia, dysarthria, visual impairment | (-) | (-) | (-) | normal | right vertebral, mid-basilar arteries | recovery |
Wei Wang et al.[30] | 2009 | 3 | 9y/4y/5y | F/M/F | 11d/7d/6d | left-sided hemiplegia/ right-sided facial palsy/ left-sided hemiplegia, left-sided facial palsy | //(-) | PT, fibrinogen/ D-dimer↑/ D-dimer↑, PT | (-)/(-)/(-) | consolidation, pleural fluid/ consolidation, pleural effusion/ consolidation | right middle cerebral artery (MCA), right vertebral artery/ internal carotid artery (ICA), right middle cerebral artery (MCA)/ right middle cerebral artery (MCA) | recovery/ neurological sequelae/ recovery |
Joe Senda et al.[31] | 2010 | 1 | 21y | M | / | right-sided hemiplegia, aphasia, lowered consciousness | (-) | PT, APTT, FDP, thrombin-antithrombin III-complex, D-dimer, cold agglutinin | antiphospholipid antibodies, anticardiolipin antibodies | consolidation | left middle cerebral artery (MCA) | recovery |
Min Kong et al.[32] | 2012 | 1 | 11Y | F | 5d | right-sided hemiplegia, aphasia | (-) | APTT, PT, D-dimer | / | consolidation, pleural fluid | bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) | recovery |
Manyong Lee et al.[33] | 2013 | 1 | 33y | M | 10m | quadriplegia, dysarthria | (-) | (-) | (-) | consolidation, necrosis, pleural fluid | left internal carotid artery (ICA), vertebral arteries | recovery |
Alejandro V. Garcia et al.[34] | 2013 | 1 | 13y | F | 6d | left-sided hemiplegia, ataxia. | / | (-) | / | bilateral consolidation | both middle cerebral artery (MCA) | death |
Gun-Ha Kim et al.[35] | 2013 | 1 | 3y | F | 7d | left-sided hemiplegia and left-sided facial palsy | (-) | FDP | antinuclear antibodies | infiltration | right lenticulostriate artery | recovery |
Piero Pavone et al.[36] | 2014 | 1 | 4y | F | 9d | lowered consciousness | (-) | (-) | (-) | / | left middle cerebral artery (MCA) | neurological sequelae |
Fahad A. Bashiri et al.[37] | 2015 | 1 | 10y | M | 14d | right-sided hemiplegia and right-sided facial palsy | / | (-) | (-) | / | left thalamus and posterior limb of the left internal capsule | neurological sequelae |
Yunguang Bao et al.[38] | 2016 | 1 | 8y | M | 14d | visual impairment | (-) | (-) | (-) | consolidation, pleural fluid | left lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus, temporal lobe | visual sequelae |
Ben Kang et al.[39] | 2016 | 1 | 5y | F | 6d | left-sided hemiplegia and left-sided facial palsy | (-) | fibrinogen, D-dimer | (-) | infiltration, pleural fluid | right middle cerebral artery (MCA) | neurological sequelae |
A. Garcia Tirado et al.[40] | 2016 | 1 | 6y | M | 2d | visual impairment | / | (-) | (-) | bilateral bronchial thickening | both posterior cerebral arteries (PCA)and left middle cerebral artery (MCA) | visual sequelae |
Yu Hyeon Choi et al.[41] | 2017 | 1 | 5y | M | 10d | dysarthria, limited eye movement, irritability | (-) | D-dimer | (-) | consolidation, atelectasis | right vertebral and basilar arteries | neurological sequelae |
Pournamy Sarathchandran et al.[42] | 2018 | 1 | 39y | M | 11d | right-sided hemiplegia, right-sided facial palsy, dysarthria | (-) | (-) | (-) | normal | left centrum semiovale | recovery |
Xingnan Jin et al.[43] | 2018 | 1 | 7y | M | 13d | lowered consciousness, left-sided facial palsy, aphasia | / | D-dimer | / | consolidation, atelectasis, hydrothorax | left internal carotid artery (ICA), the middle cerebral artery (MCA) | neurological sequelae |
Mansi Oberoi et al.[44] | 2021 | 1 | 37y | M | 21d | right-sided hemiplegia, aphasia | / | / | / | normal | left middle cerebral artery (MCA) | death |
Yefeng Wang et al.[45] | 2021 | 1 | 5y | M | 21d | paralysis, lowered consciousness, aphasia | / | D-dimer | anticardiolipin antibody | consolidation, pleural fluid | right middle cerebral artery (MCA) | neurological sequelae |
Guodong Ding et al.[46] | 2021 | 1 | 5y | F | 9d | left-sided hemiplegia, dysarthria, dysphagia | MP-PCR(+) | PT, D-dimer | (-) | consolidation, pleural fluid | right posterior communicating artery | recovery |
Ahmad J. Abdulsalam et al.[47] | 2021 | 1 | 6y | F | 10d | right-sided hemiplegia, right-sided facial palsy, lowered consciousness, aphasia | (-) | (-) | (-) | infiltration | left vertebral artery, basilar artery, left posterior cerebral artery | neurological sequelae |
Sanjay K. Yadava et al.[48] | 2021 | 1 | 43y | M | 15d | left-sided hemiplegia | (-) | / | / | infiltration | middle cerebral artery (MCA) | recovery |
P Vinodhini et al.[49] | 2022 | 1 | 4y | F | 6d | right-sided hemiplegia, right-sided facial palsy | / | APTT | (-) | consolidation, pleural fluid | left internal carotid artery (ICA), left middle cerebral artery (MCA) | neurological sequelae |
Shasthara Paneyala et al.[50] | 2022 | 1 | 22y | F | 5d | left-sided hemiplegia and left-sided facial palsy, lowered consciousness | / | D-dimer | / | pleural fluid | right middle cerebral artery (MCA) | recovery |
Chunjiao Han et al.[17] | 2022 | 3 | 7y/9y/3y | M/F/M | 14d/6d/5d | paralysis | / | D-dimer | / | consolidation/ consolidation/ consolidation | left internal carotid artery (ICA), middle cerebral artery/ left anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery/ right internal carotid artery (ICA), right middle cerebral artery, right anterior cerebral artery | neurological sequelae. |