The present study has been done with the aim of investigating the energy consumption pattern, the economic analysis of production and assessing the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) resulting from the production of rice in the Mazandaran province. The input and output energies were calculated and energy indices were determined. The efficiency of the rice farms and the optimization of energy consumption were estimated by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and the amount of greenhouse gas emissions was determined after improving the consumption of inputs. According to the results, the total energies of consumed inputs and outputs for the production of paddy were calculated to be 91,061.5 and 100,967.95 MJ ha-1, respectively. The energy input of diesel fuel, machinery and chemical fertilizers were determined to be 41.27%, 19.63% and 19.58% out of the total energy inputs, representing the most highly consumed energy inputs in the production of paddy.