Table 2
Comparison of onset, duration of anesthesia and duration of postoperative analgesia of articaine and lignocaine
| GROUPS | N | MEAN ± SD | t VALUE | p VALUE |
ONSET(mins) | LIGNOCAINE | 15 | 3.20 ± 0.74 | 1.357 | 0.186 |
ARTICAINE | 15 | 2.48 ± 0.54 |
Duration of anesthesia (mins) | LIGNOCAINE | 15 | 194.33 ± 16.78 | 12.665 | < 0.001** |
ARTICAINE | 15 | 364.33 ± 49.20 |
Duration of postoperative analgesia (mins) | LIGNOCAINE | 15 | 145.33 ± 11.87 | 21.334 | < 0.001** |
ARTICAINE | 15 | 293.33 ± 24.10 |
The difference between the onset of action of lignocaine and articaine group was not statistically significant. (p > 0.05)
The difference between the duration of anesthesia of lignocaine and articaine was found to be statistically significant.(p < 0.001)
The difference between the duration of postoperative analgesia of lignocaine and articaine group was observed to be statistically significant.(p < 0.001)
This indicates that the groups differed significantly in terms of duration of anesthesia and post operative analgesia. Articaine group had higher value as compared to lignocaine group.
Table 3
Comparison of Mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressures
S.NO | PARAMETER | LIGNOCAINE | ARTICAINE | t VALUE | p-VALUE |
1. | SBP1 | 116 ± 5.070 | 118 ± 17.80 | 0.339 | 0.311 |
2. | DBP1 | 76 ± 5.070 | 75.33 ± 5.16 | 0.356 | 0.361 |
3. | SBP2 | 120 ± 5.345 | 118 ± 6.76 | 0.898 | 0.188 |
4. | DBP2 | 81.27 ± 7.261 | 82.43 ± 8.25 | 1.010 | 0.162 |
SBP1: systolic blood pressure before anesthetic injection; SBP2: systolic blood pressure after anesthetic injection; DBP1: diastolic blood pressure before anesthetic injection; DBP2: diastolic blood pressure after anesthetic injection.
Table 3 shows comparison of Systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after anesthetic injection in both the groups. No statistically significant difference was observed between groups indicating that the groups did not differ significantly in terms of systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure both before and after injection.
Table 4
Comparison of mean values of pre-operative pulse rate of both A and B group
S.NO | PARAMETER | LIGNOCAINE | ARTICAINE | t VALUE | p-VALUE |
1. | Pulse pre-op | 74.33 ± 3.24 | 77.33 ± 3.48 | 1.829 | 0.039* |
2. | Pulse post-op | 76 ± 4.43 | 79.27 ± 6.23 | 1.995 | 0.028* |
The mean pre-operative pulse rate in Group A and Group B were 77.33 ± 3.48 and 74.33 ± 3.24.
The mean post-operative pulse rate in Group A and Group B were 79.27 ± 6.23 and 76 ± 4.43.
The difference between the pulse rate of lignocaine and articaine group both pre operative as well as post operative was statistically significant.(p < 0.05). Post Operative pulse value was higher in articaine group as compared to lignocaine group.
The duration of surgical procedure was comparatively longer in lignocaine group than articaine group.
The difference between the duration of surgical procedure of lignocaine and articaine group was statistically significant.(p < 0.05)[Table 5].
Table 5
Comparison of mean values of duration of surgical procedure under lidocaine and articaine injection
S.NO | PARAMETER | LIGNOCAINE (In minutes) | ARTICAINE (In minutes) | t VALUE | p-VALUE |
1. | Duration of surgical procedure | 37.8 ± 4.56 | 29.67 ± 3.632 | 3.3558 | 0.001* |
Table 6
Comparison of intra operative pain score between groups – Mann Whitney U test
S.NO | PARAMETER | LIGNOCAINE Median ± IQR | ARTICAINE Median ± IQR | Test statistic | P value |
1. | Intra operative pain score | 1 ± 0 | 1 ± 0 | 117.50 | 0.838 |
[Table 6] shows comparison of intraoperative pain score between groups using Mann whitney U test. Statistically significant difference was not observed between groups(p > 0.05). Both the groups had similar average pain scores at the end of the study.
Table 7
Comparison of drug volumes between groups – Independent samples t test
S.NO | PARAMETER | LIGNOCAINE Mean ± SD | ARTICAINE Mean ± SD | t value | P value |
1. | Drug volume in ml | 3.32 ± 0.32 | 2.10 ± 0.45 | 8.595 | < 0.001** |
[Table 7 ]shows comparison of drug volume in ml between groups using independent samples t test. The result was found to be highly significant(p < 0.001). This indicates that there exists significant difference between the mean values of drug volume of groups at the end of the study
Table 8
Comparison of SPO 2 between pre operative and post operative mean values in two groups- Paired samples t test
MeanStd. DeviationMean differenceP value |
Lignocaine | Pre operative | 98.333 | 1.589 | -0.134 | 0.830 |
Post operative | 98.467 | 1.457 |
Articaine | Pre operative | 98.867 | 1.187 | -0.40 | 0.348 |
Post operative | 99.267 | 0.799 |
.
[Table 8 ]shows comparison of mean SpO2 levels Pre operative and post operative in each group of the study. In lignocaine group, the preoperative value was observed to be 98.333 ± 1.589 while the post operative value was found to be 98.467 ± 1.457. There is no statistically significant difference between pre OP and post OP values in lignocaine group(p > 0.05). The preoperative value in articaine group was found to be 98.867 ± 1.187 while the post operative value was observed to be 99.267 ± 0.799. No statistically significant difference was observed between pre OP and post OP values in articaine group.
Table 9
Comparison of SPO2 values preop and post op in two study groups – Independent samples t test
Groups | N | Mean | Std. Deviation | Mean difference | P value |
Pre operative | Lignocaine | 15 | 98.333 | 1.589 | -0.53 | 0.307 |
Articaine | 15 | 98.867 | 1.187 |
Post operative | Lignocaine | 15 | 98.467 | 1.457 | -0.80 | 0.073 |
Articaine | 15 | 99.267 | 0.799 |
[Table 9 ]shows comparison of Sp O2 values between lignocaine and articaine groups at pre OP and post OP
levels. The comparison was done using independent samples t test. The result obtained was not statistically significant(p > 0.05) indicating no difference between groups before as well as after treatment.
ECG:
ECG was assessed pre and post-operatively in two groups showed shows normal sinus rhythm without ST segment elevation,inverted T wave, No ischemic changes .