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Michi Nishioka
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7147-5933
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Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is one of the key parameters for users of radio-based systems, such as the Global Navigation Satellite System, high-frequency communication systems, and space-based remote sensing systems, since total ionospheric delay is proportional to TEC through the propagation path. It is important to know extreme TEC values in readiness for hazardous ionospheric conditions. The purpose of this study is to estimate extreme TEC values with occurrences of once per year, ten years, and hundred years in Japan. In order to estimate the extreme values of TEC, a cumulative distribution function of daily TEC is derived using 22 years of TEC data from 1997 to 2018. The extreme values corresponding to once per year and ten years are 90 and 110 TECU, respectively, in Tokyo, Japan. On the other hand, the 22-year data set is not sufficient to estimate the once-per-hundred-year value. Thus, we use the 62-year data set of manually scaled ionosonde data for the critical frequency of the F-layer (foF2) at Kokubunji in Tokyo. First, we study the relationship between TEC and foF2 for 22 years and investigate the slab thickness. Then the result is applied to the statistical distribution of foF2 data for 62 years. In this study, two methods are applied to estimate the extreme TEC value. In the first method, the distribution of slab thickness is artificially inflated to estimate extreme TEC values. In the second method, extreme slab thicknesses are applied to estimate extreme TEC values. The result shows that the once-per-hundred-year TEC is about 150-190 TECU at Tokyo. The value is also estimated to be 180-230 TECU in Kagoshima and 120-150 TECU in Hokkaido, in the southern and northern parts of Japan, respectively.
Keywords
total electron content (TEC), extreme TEC, long-term ionosonde observation, manually scaled foF2, slab thickness
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View the published article at Earth, Planets and Space.
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Received 08 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
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On 30 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Nov, 2020
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On 24 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 24 Nov, 2020
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Review #1 received
Received 22 Aug, 2020
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 22 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 06 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 26 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 26 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
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See the published version of this preprint at Earth, Planets and Space.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Full paper
Michi Nishioka
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7147-5933
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Earth, Planets and Space.
Version 4
Posted 29 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Editor assigned
On 21 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 21 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 21 Jan, 2021
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 06 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 05 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 25 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 25 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 25 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 08 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 08 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 03 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 24 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 24 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Review #1 received
Received 22 Aug, 2020
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 22 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 06 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 26 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 26 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 17 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 17 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 16 Jul, 2020
First submitted
On 12 Jul, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Earth, Planets and Space.
Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is one of the key parameters for users of radio-based systems, such as the Global Navigation Satellite System, high-frequency communication systems, and space-based remote sensing systems, since total ionospheric delay is proportional to TEC through the propagation path. It is important to know extreme TEC values in readiness for hazardous ionospheric conditions. The purpose of this study is to estimate extreme TEC values with occurrences of once per year, ten years, and hundred years in Japan. In order to estimate the extreme values of TEC, a cumulative distribution function of daily TEC is derived using 22 years of TEC data from 1997 to 2018. The extreme values corresponding to once per year and ten years are 90 and 110 TECU, respectively, in Tokyo, Japan. On the other hand, the 22-year data set is not sufficient to estimate the once-per-hundred-year value. Thus, we use the 62-year data set of manually scaled ionosonde data for the critical frequency of the F-layer (foF2) at Kokubunji in Tokyo. First, we study the relationship between TEC and foF2 for 22 years and investigate the slab thickness. Then the result is applied to the statistical distribution of foF2 data for 62 years. In this study, two methods are applied to estimate the extreme TEC value. In the first method, the distribution of slab thickness is artificially inflated to estimate extreme TEC values. In the second method, extreme slab thicknesses are applied to estimate extreme TEC values. The result shows that the once-per-hundred-year TEC is about 150-190 TECU at Tokyo. The value is also estimated to be 180-230 TECU in Kagoshima and 120-150 TECU in Hokkaido, in the southern and northern parts of Japan, respectively.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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