Socio-demographic characteristics of respondents
A total of 800 livestock owners were participated in the study with response rate of 94.8%. More than three-fourth of study participants were males (78.5%), farmers (88.9%) and lived in rural residence (87%) (Table1).
Table 1: Socio- demographic characteristics of study participants, SekotaZuria District, Amhara Region, 2018
Category of variables
|
Subcategory of variables
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Sex
|
Female
|
172
|
21.5
|
Male
|
628
|
78.5
|
Age
|
18-41
|
439
|
54.9
|
42-80
|
361
|
45.1
|
Marital status
|
Currently married
|
696
|
87
|
Currently not married
|
104
|
13
|
Education level
|
Unable to read and write
|
428
|
53.5
|
Able to read and write
|
217
|
27.1
|
Primary education
|
109
|
13.6
|
Secondary and above
|
46
|
5.8
|
Occupational status
|
Farmer
|
711
|
88.8
|
Merchant
|
43
|
5.4
|
Government employee
|
19
|
2.4
|
Student
|
27
|
3.4
|
Residence
|
Rural
|
701
|
87.6
|
Urban
|
99
|
12.4
|
Health education
|
Yes
|
125
|
15.6
|
No
|
675
|
84.4
|
Regulatory control
|
Yes
|
240
|
30.0
|
No
|
560
|
70.0
|
Previous infection experience in man
|
Yes
|
168
|
21.0
|
No
|
632
|
79.0
|
Previous infection experience in animals
|
Yes
|
394
|
49.3
|
No
|
406
|
50.7
|
Overall status of livestock owner’s knowledge about Anthrax
About 55.8% (95%CI: 54.2, 57.4%) of study participants were found to have a good knowledge on anthrax prevention.(Table2).
Table 2: Participants response related with knowledge measuring questions.
Variables
|
Category
|
Frequency
(n=800)
|
Percent (%)
|
Do you know the disease called anthrax?
|
Yes
|
786
|
98.3
|
No
|
14
|
1.7
|
Do you know the prevention method of anthrax?
|
Yes
|
539
|
67.4
|
No
|
261
|
32.6
|
|
|
|
|
Do you know that anthrax can be transmitted from animal to human?
|
Yes
|
416
|
52
|
No
|
384
|
48
|
Do you have knowledge about way of transmission?
|
Yes
|
342
|
42.7
|
No
|
458
|
57.3
|
Do you know the treatment and control method of the disease in animal and human?
|
Yes
|
538
|
67.2
|
No
|
262
|
32.8
|
Do you have knowledge about carcass disposal method of anthrax?
|
Yes
|
181
|
22.6
|
No
|
619
|
77.4
|
Regarding with the sign of disease in animals, most respondents observes sudden death (67%) and local swelling on the ventral side of the body parts (56.5%) (Figure3).
Figure 3: Respondent’s multiple response related with sign of disease in animal
Considering with knowledge of respondents about anthrax in multiple response questions 48.1% respondents’ knewanthrax is transmitted through ingestion, 6.5% through contact and 0.3% through fly (Figure4).
Figure 4: multiple response of respondents about ways of transmission of anthrax disease to human, SekotaZuria district, Ethiopia, 2018.
4.3. Factors associated with knowledge of anthrax prevention among livestock owners of Sekotazuria district.
In bi-variable logistic regression analysis,ten variables;occupation, residence, sex, age, education level, infection experience of anthrax in man,infection experience of anthrax in animal,health education related with anthrax,regulatory control of disease and herd size of respondents were found to have P-value less than 0.25 and included in multi variable logistic regression model for further analysis(table3).
Multivariable binary logistic regression result showed that respondents whose educational level, peopleswho got health educationabout anthrax and ageof respondents were significantly associated with knowledge of anthrax prevention.
The Odds of good knowledge about anthrax prevention among respondents whose educational level is secondary and above was 2.97 times higher (AOR=2.97, 95%CI: 1.073-8.2) than illiterate respondents.
The Odds of good knowledge about anthrax prevention among respondents with age range of 42 – 80 was 1.47 times higher (AOR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.04-2.07) than respondents with age range of between 18 and 41 years.
The Odds of good knowledge about anthrax prevention among respondents who got health education about anthrax was 4.25 times higher (AOR=4.25, 95%CI: 2.51-7.17) than respondents who didn’t get health education.
Table 4: factors associated with livestock owner’s knowledge on anthrax prevention in Sekotazuria district, Northeast Amhara Ethiopia, 2018.
Variable
|
Category
|
Knowledge
|
COR (CI 95%)
|
AOR (95%CI)
|
|
Good
|
Poor
|
|
Education level
|
Secondary and above
|
39
|
7
|
5.12 (2.24-11.71)
|
2.97 (1.07-8.2)*
|
Primary education
|
62
|
47
|
1.21(0.79-1.85)
|
1.26 (0.76-2.07)
|
|
Adult education
|
118
|
99
|
1.10 [0.79-1.52]
|
1.31(0.91-1.88)
|
|
Illiterates
|
223
|
205
|
1
|
1
|
|
Getting education
|
Yes
|
104
|
21
|
4.94 (3.02-8.08)
|
4.25 (2.51- 7.17)***
|
|
No
|
338
|
337
|
1
|
1
|
|
Age
|
42-80
|
219
|
142
|
1.49 (1.12-1.98)
|
1.47 (1.04-2.07)*
|
|
18-41
|
223
|
216
|
1
|
1
|
|