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Research article
Marie Dahl
Regional Hospital Central Denmark
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-1709
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The DIAabetic CArdioVAscular Screening and intervention trial (DIACAVAS) was designed to clarify whether advanced imaging for subclinical atherosclerosis combined with medical treatment is an effective strategy to develop individualised treatment algorithms for Danish men and women with T2D aged 40–60. But in the DIACAVAS pilot study, the uptake was only 41%. Consequently, we explored how people experienced living with T2D to understand how to improve the uptake in initiatives targeting the prevention of CVD.
Methods: We used semi-structured interviews to obtain information on how the respondents experienced having T2D. For supplementary information, we used structured interviews on e.g. socioeconomic factors. From April to October 2019, 17 participants aged 40–60 years were recruited from general practices and diabetes outpatient clinics in Denmark. Several levels of analysis were involved consistent with inductive content analysis.
Results: The participants’ experiences of living with T2D fell along two continuums, from an emotional to a cognitive expression and from reactive to proactive disease management. This led to identification of four archetypal characteristics: (I) powerlessness, (II) empowerment, (III) health literacy, and (IV) self-efficacy. These characteristics indicated the importance of using different approaches to facilitate participation in cardiovascular preventive initiatives. Additionally, findings inspired us to develop a model for facilitating participation in future preventive initiatives.
Conclusion: Encouraging people with T2D to participate in cardiovascular preventive initiatives may necessitate a tailored invitation strategy. We propose a model for an invitational process that takes into consideration invitees’ characteristics, including powerlessness, empowerment, health literacy and self-efficacy. This model may enhance participation in such initiatives. However, participation is a general concern, not only in relation to cardiovascular prevention. Our proposed model may be applicable in preventive services for people with T2D in general.
Keywords
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Cardiovascular disease, Prevention, Qualitative Research.
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This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Additionalfile1.Interviewguide.docx
Additional file 1. Interview guide.
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
Version 3
Posted 06 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 04 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 20 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 20 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 20 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 15 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 16 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 03 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 29 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 28 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 28 Oct, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 30 Sep, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 25 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 17 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 02 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 18 Aug, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Public Health.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Marie Dahl
Regional Hospital Central Denmark
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-1709
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
Version 3
Posted 06 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 04 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 20 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 20 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 20 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 15 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 16 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 03 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 29 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 28 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 28 Oct, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 30 Sep, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 25 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 17 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 02 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 18 Aug, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The DIAabetic CArdioVAscular Screening and intervention trial (DIACAVAS) was designed to clarify whether advanced imaging for subclinical atherosclerosis combined with medical treatment is an effective strategy to develop individualised treatment algorithms for Danish men and women with T2D aged 40–60. But in the DIACAVAS pilot study, the uptake was only 41%. Consequently, we explored how people experienced living with T2D to understand how to improve the uptake in initiatives targeting the prevention of CVD.
Methods: We used semi-structured interviews to obtain information on how the respondents experienced having T2D. For supplementary information, we used structured interviews on e.g. socioeconomic factors. From April to October 2019, 17 participants aged 40–60 years were recruited from general practices and diabetes outpatient clinics in Denmark. Several levels of analysis were involved consistent with inductive content analysis.
Results: The participants’ experiences of living with T2D fell along two continuums, from an emotional to a cognitive expression and from reactive to proactive disease management. This led to identification of four archetypal characteristics: (I) powerlessness, (II) empowerment, (III) health literacy, and (IV) self-efficacy. These characteristics indicated the importance of using different approaches to facilitate participation in cardiovascular preventive initiatives. Additionally, findings inspired us to develop a model for facilitating participation in future preventive initiatives.
Conclusion: Encouraging people with T2D to participate in cardiovascular preventive initiatives may necessitate a tailored invitation strategy. We propose a model for an invitational process that takes into consideration invitees’ characteristics, including powerlessness, empowerment, health literacy and self-efficacy. This model may enhance participation in such initiatives. However, participation is a general concern, not only in relation to cardiovascular prevention. Our proposed model may be applicable in preventive services for people with T2D in general.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Additionalfile1.Interviewguide.docx
Additional file 1. Interview guide.
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