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Research article
Effects of a multi-level intervention on hookah smoking frequency and duration among Iranian adults: An application of Socio-ecological Model
Asghar Mohammadpoorasl
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a multi-level intervention based on the social ecological model on the frequency and duration of hookah smoking among a sample of Iranian adults.
Methods
In this study, two comparable cities in Iran were selected to participate in an intervention program based on a social ecological model (SEM). In each city, 133 hookah smokers in coffee houses were selected. Environmental changes in coffee houses such as serving light foods and games were conducted. A virtual group named "no hookah" was established on the Telegram application to train participants in the intervention group. Messages, pictures and short videos were sent to the participants through that virtual network. The frequency and duration of hookah consumption were assessed in both groups at baseline and after the intervention.
Results
The frequency of hookah consumption decreased in 72.6% of participants in the intervention group (vs. 6.3% in the control group); and the duration of hookah consumption per session decreased in 39.5% of participants in the intervention group (vs. 5.5% in the control group).
Conclusions
Using multi-level interventions through a social ecological model can reduce hookah consumption in young people.
Keywords
Water-pipe, Tobacco smoking, Socio-ecological model, Multi-level intervention.
Figure 1
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Additionalfile1.docx
Additional file 1: Hookah Use Questionnaire Description of data: The validity and reliability of this researcher-made questionnaire have approved in this study.
- Additionalfile2.docx
Additional file 2: Social support for hookah smoking Questionnaire Description of data: This instrument was the researcher-made questionnaire that developed in this study. In the present study to investigate the factors at the social level were used two questionnaires including perceived reward of tobacco use that has been validated in a previous study (24) and the social support for hookah smoking questionnaire that was developed in this study.
- Additionalfile3.docx
Additional file 3 Title of data: Environmental cheklist for coffe shop Description of data: To investigate the factors at the physical environmental level, environmental cheklist for coffe shop was developed and applied in the present study.
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
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Posted 04 Jan, 2021
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 04 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 27 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 27 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Dec, 2020
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Version (no preprint)
Posted 21 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 21 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 09 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 09 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 29 Sep, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 21 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 11 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 06 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 31 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 27 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 24 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 10 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 09 Sep, 2020
Version (no preprint)
Posted 13 Jul, 2020
This version was not preprinted
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Public Health. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Effects of a multi-level intervention on hookah smoking frequency and duration among Iranian adults: An application of Socio-ecological Model
Asghar Mohammadpoorasl
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version (no preprint)
Posted 04 Jan, 2021
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 04 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 27 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 27 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version (no preprint)
Posted 21 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 21 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 09 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 09 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 29 Sep, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 21 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 11 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 06 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 31 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 27 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 24 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 10 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 09 Sep, 2020
Version (no preprint)
Posted 13 Jul, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a multi-level intervention based on the social ecological model on the frequency and duration of hookah smoking among a sample of Iranian adults.
Methods
In this study, two comparable cities in Iran were selected to participate in an intervention program based on a social ecological model (SEM). In each city, 133 hookah smokers in coffee houses were selected. Environmental changes in coffee houses such as serving light foods and games were conducted. A virtual group named "no hookah" was established on the Telegram application to train participants in the intervention group. Messages, pictures and short videos were sent to the participants through that virtual network. The frequency and duration of hookah consumption were assessed in both groups at baseline and after the intervention.
Results
The frequency of hookah consumption decreased in 72.6% of participants in the intervention group (vs. 6.3% in the control group); and the duration of hookah consumption per session decreased in 39.5% of participants in the intervention group (vs. 5.5% in the control group).
Conclusions
Using multi-level interventions through a social ecological model can reduce hookah consumption in young people.
Figure 1