Table 4.1: Empirical Results Showing the Impact of Institution and Trade Policies on GVCs Participation using OLS, FGLS and PPML Techniques
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|
(1) OLS
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(2) OLS Remoteness
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(3) FGLS Remoteness
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(4) PPML Fixed Effects
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Dep. Variable:
GVCP
|
|
lnInst
|
-0.0371*
|
0.0275**
|
0.0183+
|
0.105***
|
|
(0.0152)
|
(0.00961)
|
(0.0102)
|
(0.0197)
|
lnImTr
|
-0.00148
|
-0.0236***
|
-0.0239***
|
-0.0518***
|
|
(0.00908)
|
(0.00594)
|
(0.00313)
|
(0.00641)
|
lngfc
|
-0.00666+
|
0.00200
|
0.000329
|
0.00310
|
|
(0.00380)
|
(0.00134)
|
(0.000609)
|
(0.00301)
|
lnlab
|
-0.0396***
|
-0.0546***
|
-0.0370***
|
0.0888***
|
|
(0.00705)
|
(0.00484)
|
(0.00378)
|
(0.00417)
|
lnfst
|
0.00844***
|
0.00850***
|
0.00832***
|
-0.00302*
|
|
(0.00134)
|
(0.00109)
|
(0.000564)
|
(0.00152)
|
lnEduc
|
0.0224**
|
0.0149***
|
0.0127***
|
0.00373
|
|
(0.00691)
|
(0.00372)
|
(0.00171)
|
(0.00362)
|
lnexr
|
0.00402**
|
0.00616***
|
0.00463***
|
|
|
(0.00137)
|
(0.000681)
|
(0.000374)
|
|
lnTnrr
|
0.0170***
|
0.0192***
|
0.0129***
|
-0.0295***
|
|
(0.00336)
|
(0.00266)
|
(0.00163)
|
(0.00257)
|
SimGDP
|
0.00164+
|
0.00168***
|
0.00239***
|
0.00859***
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|
(0.000875)
|
(0.000404)
|
(0.000251)
|
(0.000981)
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Contig
|
-0.00158
|
0.000521
|
0.00175
|
0.00519
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|
(0.00616)
|
(0.00211)
|
(0.00132)
|
(0.00352)
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Coml
|
0.00459
|
0.000863
|
0.000921
|
0.00231
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|
(0.00554)
|
(0.00213)
|
(0.00132)
|
(0.00257)
|
lnDistw
|
-0.00670+
|
-0.00739
|
0.00192
|
0.0104
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|
(0.00379)
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(0.0139)
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(0.00698)
|
(0.0143)
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landlocked
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|
|
-0.0187***
|
-0.140***
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|
|
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|
(0.00353)
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(0.00552)
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WAEMU
|
0.00510
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0.00513*
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0.00485***
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|
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(0.00637)
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(0.00225)
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(0.00144)
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|
WAMZ
|
-0.0177**
|
-0.00983***
|
-0.0112***
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|
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(0.00575)
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(0.00288)
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(0.00169)
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Ln_output
|
2.748***
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2.646***
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2.359***
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|
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(0.157)
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(0.0825)
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(0.0658)
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|
ln_Expenditure
|
-0.00997
|
-0.00768
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-0.00820
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|
|
(0.0518)
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(0.0267)
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(0.0135)
|
|
Exporter remoteness index
|
|
0.0235
|
0.00707
|
|
|
|
(0.0450)
|
(0.0259)
|
|
Importer remoteness index
|
|
-1.378***
|
-1.191***
|
|
|
|
(0.0492)
|
(0.0546)
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|
_cons
|
-5.277***
|
5.174***
|
4.520***
|
0.830***
|
|
(0.392)
|
(0.489)
|
(0.361)
|
(0.0944)
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No of Observations
|
1720
|
1720
|
1720
|
1721
|
R2
|
0.965
|
0.980
|
|
0.977
|
adj. R2
|
0.964
|
0.979
|
|
|
F
|
1361.7
|
5585.4
|
|
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chi2
|
|
|
80105.0
|
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Exporter Time fixed Effects
|
No
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Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Importer Time fixed Effects
|
No
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
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Note: Standard errors consistent in the presence of any pattern of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation within panels.are in parentheses
+ p < 0.10, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
Table 4.2: Auxiliary Results Showing the Impact of Institutions on GVCs Participation Using PPML Techniques
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|
(5) PPML Fixed effects
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(6) PPML Fixed effects
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(7) PPML Fixed effects
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(8) PPML Fixed effects
|
Dep. Variable: GVCP
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|
lnImTr
|
-0.0511***
|
-0.0483***
|
-0.0618***
|
-0.0553***
|
|
(0.00767)
|
(0.00776)
|
(0.00623)
|
(0.00672)
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lnlab
|
0.0881***
|
0.0907***
|
0.0898***
|
0.0893***
|
|
(0.00458)
|
(0.00355)
|
(0.00352)
|
(0.00351)
|
lnfst
|
0.00147
|
0.00105
|
0.000872
|
0.00502**
|
|
(0.00164)
|
(0.00148)
|
(0.00155)
|
(0.00162)
|
SimGDP
|
0.0101***
|
0.00910***
|
0.00879***
|
0.0107***
|
|
(0.00108)
|
(0.00104)
|
(0.000903)
|
(0.000850)
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lnTnrr
|
-0.0343***
|
-0.0346***
|
-0.0299***
|
-0.0346***
|
|
(0.00286)
|
(0.00256)
|
(0.00224)
|
(0.00254)
|
lngfc
|
0.00318
|
0.00195
|
0.00188
|
0.00183
|
|
(0.00310)
|
(0.00241)
|
(0.00238)
|
(0.00239)
|
lnDistw
|
0.00808
|
0.00901
|
0.00693
|
0.00579
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|
(0.0161)
|
(0.0158)
|
(0.0146)
|
(0.0152)
|
Coml
|
-0.000274
|
0.000125
|
0.00222
|
0.00150
|
|
(0.00259)
|
(0.00247)
|
(0.00252)
|
(0.00263)
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Contig
|
0.00379
|
0.00433
|
0.00478
|
0.00428
|
|
(0.00365)
|
(0.00382)
|
(0.00353)
|
(0.00344)
|
landlocked
|
-0.139***
|
-0.136***
|
-0.128***
|
-0.136***
|
|
(0.00665)
|
(0.00645)
|
(0.00624)
|
(0.00541)
|
|
lnPropr
|
0.000161
|
|
|
|
|
(0.00652)
|
|
|
lnGovInt
|
|
0.0112*
|
|
|
|
|
(0.00473)
|
|
|
lnBusFr
|
|
|
0.0447***
|
|
|
|
|
(0.00658)
|
|
lnTraFr
|
|
|
|
-0.0441***
|
|
|
|
|
(0.0104)
|
_cons
|
1.270***
|
1.221***
|
1.118***
|
1.469***
|
|
(0.0557)
|
(0.0475)
|
(0.0454)
|
(0.0569)
|
No of Observation
|
1721
|
1721
|
1721
|
1721
|
R2
|
0.976
|
0.976
|
0.977
|
0.977
|
Exporter-time fixed effects
|
No
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Importer-time fixed effects
|
No
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Note: Standard errors consistent in the presence of any pattern of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation within panels.are in parentheses
+ p < 0.10, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
+ p < 0.10, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001