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Research
Guangli Ren
the genreral hospital of southem theater command of PLA
Corresponding Author
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Background Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has got more than 12 million infections and causing a certain degree of panic. We conducted this study to describe the clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome of COVID-19 in children, as compared to other viral pneumonia diagnosed during COVID-19 outbreak.
Methods Children with COVID-19 and viral pneumonia of 20 hospitals were enrolled in this retrospective multi-centered cohort study. 64 children with COVID-19 were defined as the COVID-19 cohort, of which 40 cases developed to pneumonia were defined as the COVID-19 pneumonia cohort, while 284 pneumonia cases caused by other viruses were defined as the viral pneumonia cohort.
Results Compared to the viral pneumonia cohort, children in the COVID-19 cohort were mostly exposed to confirmed family members (53/64 vs 23/284), with older median age (6.3 vs 3.2 yr), and shown higher proportion of ground-glass opacity (GGO) on computed tomography (18/40 vs 0/38), all P＜0.001. Children in the COVID-19 pneumonia cohort had lower proportion of severe cases (1/40 vs 38/284, P=0.048), cases with high fever (3/40 vs 167/284, P＜0.001), cases required intensive care (1/40 vs32/284, P＜0.047) and the symptomatic duration was shorter (median 5 vs 8 days, P＜0.001). The proportion of cases with evaluated inflammatory indicators, biochemical indicators related to organ or tissue damage, D-dimer and secondary infection with bacteria were lower in the COVID-19 pneumonia cohort than that of viral pneumonia cohort (all P＜0.05). There was no statistic difference in the duration of positive PCR results from pharyngeal swabs when antiviral drugs (Lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin, and arbidol) were used in 25 children with COVID-19 as compared to 39 cases without antiviral therapy [median 10 vs 9 days, P=0.885].
Conclusions The symptoms and severity of COVID-19 pneumonia in children were no more severe than those of other viral pneumonia. Lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin and arbidol cannot shorten the duration of positive PCR results from pharyngeal swabs in children with COVID-19 in this study. Children with other pathogens infection should be paid attention to even though the COVID-19 outbreak.
Keywords
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, COVID-19, Viral pneumonia, Cohort study, Children
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Military Medical Research.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 03 Feb, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 27 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 26 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 26 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 21 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 21 Sep, 2020
Version 1
Posted 20 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 13 Aug, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 11 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 30 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 27 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 26 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 26 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 26 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 26 Jul, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 26 Jul, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 26 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 16 Jul, 2020
First submitted
On 15 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 15 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 15 Jul, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Internal Medicine
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See the published version of this preprint at Military Medical Research.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Guangli Ren
the genreral hospital of southem theater command of PLA
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Military Medical Research.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 03 Feb, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 27 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 26 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 26 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 21 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 21 Sep, 2020
Version 1
Posted 20 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 13 Aug, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 11 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 30 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 27 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 26 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 26 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 26 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 26 Jul, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 26 Jul, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 26 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 16 Jul, 2020
First submitted
On 15 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 15 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 15 Jul, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Internal Medicine
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Military Medical Research.
Background Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has got more than 12 million infections and causing a certain degree of panic. We conducted this study to describe the clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome of COVID-19 in children, as compared to other viral pneumonia diagnosed during COVID-19 outbreak.
Methods Children with COVID-19 and viral pneumonia of 20 hospitals were enrolled in this retrospective multi-centered cohort study. 64 children with COVID-19 were defined as the COVID-19 cohort, of which 40 cases developed to pneumonia were defined as the COVID-19 pneumonia cohort, while 284 pneumonia cases caused by other viruses were defined as the viral pneumonia cohort.
Results Compared to the viral pneumonia cohort, children in the COVID-19 cohort were mostly exposed to confirmed family members (53/64 vs 23/284), with older median age (6.3 vs 3.2 yr), and shown higher proportion of ground-glass opacity (GGO) on computed tomography (18/40 vs 0/38), all P＜0.001. Children in the COVID-19 pneumonia cohort had lower proportion of severe cases (1/40 vs 38/284, P=0.048), cases with high fever (3/40 vs 167/284, P＜0.001), cases required intensive care (1/40 vs32/284, P＜0.047) and the symptomatic duration was shorter (median 5 vs 8 days, P＜0.001). The proportion of cases with evaluated inflammatory indicators, biochemical indicators related to organ or tissue damage, D-dimer and secondary infection with bacteria were lower in the COVID-19 pneumonia cohort than that of viral pneumonia cohort (all P＜0.05). There was no statistic difference in the duration of positive PCR results from pharyngeal swabs when antiviral drugs (Lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin, and arbidol) were used in 25 children with COVID-19 as compared to 39 cases without antiviral therapy [median 10 vs 9 days, P=0.885].
Conclusions The symptoms and severity of COVID-19 pneumonia in children were no more severe than those of other viral pneumonia. Lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin and arbidol cannot shorten the duration of positive PCR results from pharyngeal swabs in children with COVID-19 in this study. Children with other pathogens infection should be paid attention to even though the COVID-19 outbreak.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
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