Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded on Activated Carbon Prepared From Walnut Peel Extract for the Removal of Eosin Y and Erythrosine B Dyes From Aqueous Solution: Experimental Approaches, Kinetics Models and Thermodynamic Studies

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-427770/v1

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Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded on Activated Carbon Prepared From Walnut Peel Extract for the Removal of Eosin Y and Erythrosine B Dyes From Aqueous Solution: Experimental Approaches, Kinetics Models and Thermodynamic Studies

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-427770/v1

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published 21 Aug, 2021

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Water contamination due to release of dye containing effluents is one of the environmental problems of serious concern today. The present study investingate the Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) doped on activated carbon (AC) prepared from walnut peel extract and to estimate its efficiency in the removal of Eosin Y (Eo-Y) and Erythrosine B (Er-B) from its aqueous solution. The synthesized AC-ZnO was identified by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The influence of various parameters such as pH, dosage of AC-ZnO, contact time, and concentrations of Eo-Y and Er-B were also studied. The pH 3 was observed as the optimum pH while the equilibrium was noticed to reach in 30 min at dosage of 1 g/L and initial concentration 100 mg/L for Eosin Y and Erythrosine B adsorption onto AC-ZnO. The maximum adsorption capacity of Eo-Y and Er-B onto AC-ZnO was found to be 163.9 and 144.92 mg/g (and removal efficiencies of 95.11 and 98.31 %), respectively. The process of Eo-Y and Er-B adsorption on AC-ZnO was observed to be depended on the pseudo-second-order kinetic model which indicate chemisorption processes. Langmuir adsorption isotherm model test described the removal of Eo-Y and Er-B on AC-ZnO. The Eo-Y and Er-B adsorption were found to be non-spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Also, the values, S_BET and V_TOTAL for the AC-ZnO were equal to 725.65 m²/g and 0.6004 cm³/g, respectively. The results of this study exhibited that AC-ZnO was a very effective method that can be used for the removal of Eo-Y and Er-B from aqueous solutions.

Environmental Engineering

Environmental Policy

Green synthesis

Adsorption

Nanoparticles

Dyes

Activated carbon

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Table 2. Adsorption properties of AC-ZnO

Material

S_BET

(m²/g)

S_micro

(m²/g)

S_meso

(m²/g)

V_Total

(cm³/g)

V_micro

(cm³/g)

V_meso

(cm³/g)

D_p

721.19

527.89

212.64

0.534

0.2431

0.3252

2.785

AC-ZnO

725.65

513.07

212.58

0.6004

0.1372

0.368

3.198

Table 4. Linear kinetic parameters for the adsorption of dyes onto AC-ZnO

	Pseudo-first-order				Pseudo-second-order
concentration (mg/L)	q_e,epx	q_e1,cal	k₁	R²		q_e2,cal	k₂	R²
50 (Eo-Y)	50.11	16.58059	0.057345	0.8287		51.54639	0.00773	0.9986
100 (Eo-Y)	108.69	56.96394	0.032242	0.6858		111.1111	0.00126	0.9714
150 (Eo-Y)	144.25	100.7164	0.025794	0.7333		144.9275	0.000554	0.9601
200 (Eo-Y)	224.69	188.9731	0.017273	0.7865		232.5581	0.000147	0.8308
50 (Er-B)	51.5	13.48652	0.043757	0.7438		51.81347	0.01083	0.9993
100 (Er-B)	104.34	48.62952	0.049745	0.7533		112.3596	0.001503	0.9855
150(Er-B)	144.56	87.29714	0.030169	0.7119		147.0588	0.000763	0.9754
200 (Er-B)	181.5	120.9762	0.029478	0.7647		188.6792	0.000455	0.9646

Table 5. Equilibrium parameters for Langmuir and Freundlich models.

Freundlich isotherm			Langmuir isotherm
R²	n	K_f[(mg/g) (mg/L)1/n]	R_L	R²	K_l(L/mg)	q_m(mg/g)	Pollutant
0.9699	4.746	59.92	0.0227	0.971	0.143	163.93	Eo-Y
0.9502	7.581	77.94	0.0099	0.985	0.330	144.92	Er-B

Table 6. Thermodynamic factors for the adsorption of Eo-Y and Er-B onto AC-ZnO

Thermodynamic parameters			Temperature (K)	Pollutant
ΔH⁰ (kJ/mol)	ΔS⁰ (kJ/mol K)	ΔG⁰(kJ/mol)
		22.751	288	Eo-Y
21.629	-0.0788	23.539	298
		25.116	318
		28.438	288	Er-B
26.662	-0.0985	29.424	298
		31.395	318

Table 7. Comparison of adsorption capacity for the adsorption of Eo-Y and Er-B onto AC-ZnO with adsorbents reported in literature

Reference	q_max(mg/g)	pH	Pollutant	Adsorbent
(Chatterjee et al. 2005)	76	4	Eo-Y	Chitosan hydrobeads
(Porkodi &Kumar 2007)	31.49	3	Eo-Y	Jute fiber carbon
(Elhami et al. 2013)	11.9	4	Eo-Y	Diethylentriamine-montmorillonite
(Oyelude et al. 2017)	31.64	-	Eo-Y	Teak leaf litter powder
(Carmen Apostol et al. 2016)	16.4	5.6	Er-B	Pumpkin seed hulls
(Manickam 2016)	22.88	3	Er-B	Prosopisspicigera L. wood carbon
(Al-Degs et al. 2012)	89.3	7	Er-B	Commercial AC
(Mohebbi et al. 2014)	101	7	Er-B	Ziziphusnummularia kernel
This work	163.93 144.92	3	Eo-Y Er-B	AC-ZnO

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Editorial decision: Major Revision
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Reviewers invited by journal
29 Apr, 2021
Editor invited by journal
28 Apr, 2021
Editor assigned by journal
19 Apr, 2021
First submitted to journal
14 Apr, 2021

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Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded on Activated Carbon Prepared From Walnut Peel Extract for the Removal of Eosin Y and Erythrosine B Dyes From Aqueous Solution: Experimental Approaches, Kinetics Models and Thermodynamic Studies

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