In view of the complexity of the calculation of tire running resistance during transport aircraft running on the soil surface, this paper presents two types of characterization methods of tire running resistance under the force state and the motion state based on the Bekker settlement model. Then a soil runway was established. According to the stress state of the tires, a simulated aircraft loading vehicle was used to test the running resistance of the wheels through mechanical sensors. According to the state of tire movement, position measuring equipment was selected and test software was developed, and the running resistance of tires was tested by changes in speed and distance of common vehicles. On this basis, the method of estimating wheel driving resistance based on vehicle test data is established, and the effectiveness of the estimation method is verified, and the estimation process is given. The results of this paper provide a new idea and method for estimating the running resistance of conveyors on soil pavement, and can also provide a reference for the design the of soil runway length.