Nutrient-imbalanced conditions shift the interplay between zooplankton and gut microbiota
Background
Nutrient stoichiometry of phytoplankton frequently changes with aquatic ambient nutrient concentrations, which is mainly influenced by anthropogenic water treatment and the ecosystem dynamics. Consequently, the stoichiometry of phytoplankton can markedly alter the metabolism and growth of zooplankton. However, the effects of nutrient-imbalanced prey on the interplay between zooplankton and their gut microbiota remain unknown. Using metatranscriptome, a 16s rRNA amplicon-based neutral community model (NCM) and experimental validation, we investigated the interactions between Daphnia magna and its gut microbiota in a nutrient-imbalanced algal diet.
Results
Our results showed that in nutrient-depleted water, the nutrient-enriched zooplankton gut stimulated the accumulation of microbial polyphosphate in fecal pellets under phosphorus limitation and the microbial assimilation of ammonia under nitrogen limitation. Compared with the nutrient replete group, both N and P limitation markedly promoted the gene expression of the gut microbiome for organic matter degradation but repressed that for anaerobic metabolisms. In the nutrient limited diet, the gut microbial community exhibited a higher fit to NCM (R2=0.624 and 0.781, for N- and P-limitation, respectively) when compared with the Control group (R2=0.542), suggesting increased ambient-gut exchange process favored by compensatory feeding. Further, an additional axenic grazing experiment revealed that the growth of D. magna can still benefit from gut microbiota under a nutrient-imbalanced diet.
Conclusions
Together, these results demonstrated that under a nutrient-imbalanced diet, the microbes not only benefit themselves by absorbing excess nutrients inside the zooplankton gut but also help zooplankton to survive during nutrient limitation.
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Posted 22 Dec, 2020
On 08 Dec, 2020
On 07 Dec, 2020
On 01 Dec, 2020
Received 24 Nov, 2020
Received 23 Nov, 2020
Received 07 Nov, 2020
On 05 Nov, 2020
On 03 Nov, 2020
On 03 Nov, 2020
On 02 Nov, 2020
Invitations sent on 02 Nov, 2020
On 02 Nov, 2020
On 02 Nov, 2020
On 02 Oct, 2020
Received 08 Sep, 2020
Received 06 Sep, 2020
Received 18 Aug, 2020
On 16 Aug, 2020
On 14 Aug, 2020
On 03 Aug, 2020
Invitations sent on 30 Jul, 2020
On 15 Jul, 2020
On 14 Jul, 2020
On 14 Jul, 2020
On 14 Jul, 2020
Nutrient-imbalanced conditions shift the interplay between zooplankton and gut microbiota
Posted 22 Dec, 2020
On 08 Dec, 2020
On 07 Dec, 2020
On 01 Dec, 2020
Received 24 Nov, 2020
Received 23 Nov, 2020
Received 07 Nov, 2020
On 05 Nov, 2020
On 03 Nov, 2020
On 03 Nov, 2020
On 02 Nov, 2020
Invitations sent on 02 Nov, 2020
On 02 Nov, 2020
On 02 Nov, 2020
On 02 Oct, 2020
Received 08 Sep, 2020
Received 06 Sep, 2020
Received 18 Aug, 2020
On 16 Aug, 2020
On 14 Aug, 2020
On 03 Aug, 2020
Invitations sent on 30 Jul, 2020
On 15 Jul, 2020
On 14 Jul, 2020
On 14 Jul, 2020
On 14 Jul, 2020
Background
Nutrient stoichiometry of phytoplankton frequently changes with aquatic ambient nutrient concentrations, which is mainly influenced by anthropogenic water treatment and the ecosystem dynamics. Consequently, the stoichiometry of phytoplankton can markedly alter the metabolism and growth of zooplankton. However, the effects of nutrient-imbalanced prey on the interplay between zooplankton and their gut microbiota remain unknown. Using metatranscriptome, a 16s rRNA amplicon-based neutral community model (NCM) and experimental validation, we investigated the interactions between Daphnia magna and its gut microbiota in a nutrient-imbalanced algal diet.
Results
Our results showed that in nutrient-depleted water, the nutrient-enriched zooplankton gut stimulated the accumulation of microbial polyphosphate in fecal pellets under phosphorus limitation and the microbial assimilation of ammonia under nitrogen limitation. Compared with the nutrient replete group, both N and P limitation markedly promoted the gene expression of the gut microbiome for organic matter degradation but repressed that for anaerobic metabolisms. In the nutrient limited diet, the gut microbial community exhibited a higher fit to NCM (R2=0.624 and 0.781, for N- and P-limitation, respectively) when compared with the Control group (R2=0.542), suggesting increased ambient-gut exchange process favored by compensatory feeding. Further, an additional axenic grazing experiment revealed that the growth of D. magna can still benefit from gut microbiota under a nutrient-imbalanced diet.
Conclusions
Together, these results demonstrated that under a nutrient-imbalanced diet, the microbes not only benefit themselves by absorbing excess nutrients inside the zooplankton gut but also help zooplankton to survive during nutrient limitation.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8