Of the 7090 completed questionnaires, 528 (7.4%) did not pass the consistency checks and 245 (3.4%) did not report any COVID-19-related work. We performed the complete-data analysis based on the effective sample size of 6,317 (89.1%).
Socio-demographic characteristics of the participants
Of the 6,317 participants, 64.6% were female; the mean age was 38.7 (SD=9.43); 66.9% were 30-49 years old; 77.0% had an intermediate or Junior job title; and 27.9% had children under 6 years old (Table 1). More participants among CDC workers were male, younger and with senior job title than PHI workers.
Table 1 Descriptive statistics of public health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic (n, %)
Variables
|
All (N=6317)
|
CDC employees (N=2313)
|
PHI workers (N=4004)
|
p value
|
Socio-demographic characteristics
|
|
|
|
|
Sex (male)
|
2238(35.4)
|
987(42.7)
|
1251(31.2)
|
<0.001
|
Age groups
|
|
|
|
0.004
|
<29
|
1244(19.7)
|
392(16.9)
|
852(21.3)
|
|
30-39
|
2093(33.1)
|
819(35.4)
|
1274(31.8)
|
|
40-49
|
2132(33.8)
|
748(32.3)
|
1384(34.6)
|
|
>50
|
848(13.4)
|
354(15.3)
|
494(12.3)
|
|
Having children under 6 years (yes)
|
1765(27.9)
|
677(29.3)
|
1088(27.2)
|
0.074
|
Job title
|
|
|
|
<0.001
|
Junior
|
2880(45.6)
|
745(32.2)
|
2135(53.3)
|
|
Intermediate
|
1984(31.4)
|
800(34.6)
|
1184(29.6)
|
|
Senior
|
712(11.3)
|
504(21.8)
|
208(5.2)
|
|
Others (e.g., volunteers)
|
741(11.7)
|
264(11.4)
|
477(11.9)
|
|
COVID-19 control and prevention work related variables
|
|
|
|
Outbreak severity (by province)1
|
|
|
|
<0.001
|
Low
|
591(9.4)
|
477(20.6)
|
114(2.8)
|
|
Medium
|
3638(57.6)
|
1224(52.9)
|
2414(60.3)
|
|
High
|
830(13.1)
|
282(12.2)
|
548(13.7)
|
|
Very high
|
1258(19.9)
|
330(14.3)
|
928(23.2)
|
|
Work contents
|
|
|
|
<0.001
|
Involved in field work
|
1556(24.6)
|
352(15.2)
|
1204(30.1)
|
|
Involved in non-field work
|
235(3.7)
|
149(6.2)
|
86(2.1)
|
|
Involved in both field and non-field work
|
4526(71.6)
|
1812(78.3)
|
2714(67.8)
|
|
Time of training on COVID-19
|
|
|
|
<0.001
|
None
|
180(2.8)
|
113(4.9)
|
67(1.7)
|
|
1-4 hours
|
1128(17.9)
|
411(17.8)
|
717(17.9)
|
|
5-8 hours
|
876(13.9)
|
339(14.7)
|
537(13.4)
|
|
9-16 hours
|
939(14.9)
|
350(15.1)
|
589(14.7)
|
|
>16 hours
|
3194(50.6)
|
1100(47.6)
|
2094(52.3)
|
|
Having sufficient knowledge of COVID-19 prevention and control
|
|
|
|
<0.001
|
Adequate
|
975(15.4)
|
275(11.9)
|
700(17.5)
|
|
Relatively adequate
|
3700(58.6)
|
1397(60.4)
|
2303(57.5)
|
|
Average
|
1537(24.3)
|
580(25.1)
|
957(23.9)
|
|
Inadequate/very inadequate
|
105(1.7)
|
61(2.6)
|
44(1.1)
|
|
Time to start participating in COVID-19 prevention and control work (after 23nd Jan, 2020~)
|
3613(60.0)
|
1098(50.1)
|
2515(65.6)
|
<0.001
|
Efforts and sacrifices during the outbreak
|
|
|
|
|
Number of days worked all night
|
|
|
|
<0.001
|
0
|
3617(57.3)
|
1073(46.4)
|
2544(63.5)
|
|
1-3 days
|
1459(23.1)
|
621(26.8)
|
838(20.9)
|
|
>3 days
|
1241(19.6)
|
619(26.8)
|
622(15.5)
|
|
Worked during the whole period of Chinese New Year (yes)
|
2862(45.3)
|
1313(56.8)
|
1549(38.7)
|
<0.001
|
To avoid infecting family members, chose not to live at home (yes)
|
878(13.9)
|
305(13.2)
|
573(14.3)
|
0.213
|
To avoid infecting family members, send children to parents’ homes (yes)
|
935(14.8)
|
338(14.6)
|
597(14.9)
|
0.749
|
Perceptions
|
|
|
|
|
Worried about being infected at work
|
|
|
|
<0.001
|
None/mild
|
2461(39.0)
|
1023(44.2)
|
1438(35.9)
|
|
Medium
|
2264(35.8)
|
795(34.4)
|
1469(36.7)
|
|
Very worried
|
1592(25.2)
|
495(21.4)
|
1097(27.4)
|
|
How long do you think you can persist with your current intensity of work (>=1 month)
|
2315(36.6)
|
750(32.4)
|
1565(39.1)
|
<0.001
|
Perceived support from colleagues
|
|
|
|
0.098
|
None/low
|
383(6.1)
|
143(6.2)
|
240(6.0)
|
|
Medium
|
2448(38.8)
|
858(37.1)
|
1590(39.7)
|
|
High/very high
|
3486(55.2)
|
1312(56.7)
|
2174(54.3)
|
|
Perceived support from family
|
|
|
|
<0.001
|
None/low
|
122(1.9)
|
48(2.1)
|
74(1.8)
|
|
Medium
|
1334(21.1)
|
410(17.7)
|
924(23.1)
|
|
High/very high
|
4861(77.0)
|
1855(80.2)
|
3006(75.1)
|
|
Perceived support from society
|
|
|
|
0.014
|
None/low
|
757(12.0)
|
323(14.0)
|
434(10.8)
|
|
Medium
|
2779(44.0)
|
999(43.2)
|
1780(44.5)
|
|
High/very high
|
2781(44.0)
|
991(42.8)
|
1790(44.7)
|
|
Total score of perceived support
|
10.99±1.95
|
11.02±1.91
|
10.98±1.97
|
0.360
|
Perceived troubles at work
|
|
|
|
|
Your work was not understood
|
|
|
|
0.002
|
None/rare
|
2671(42.3)
|
918(39.7)
|
1753(43.8)
|
|
Sometimes
|
2490(39.4)
|
945(40.9)
|
1545(38.6)
|
|
Much/very much
|
1156(18.3)
|
450(19.5)
|
706(17.6)
|
|
You have been treated unfairly at work
|
|
|
|
<0.001
|
None/rare
|
3471(54.9)
|
1191(51.5)
|
2280(56.9)
|
|
Sometimes
|
1997(31.6)
|
753(32.5)
|
1244(31.1)
|
|
Much/very much
|
849(13.4)
|
369(16.0)
|
480(12.0)
|
|
You felt wronged at work
|
|
|
|
<0.001
|
None/rare
|
3022(47.8)
|
1030(44.5)
|
1992(49.8)
|
|
Sometimes
|
2245(35.5)
|
848(36.7)
|
1397(34.9)
|
|
Much/very much
|
1050(16.6)
|
435(18.8)
|
615(15.4)
|
|
Your family cannot understand your efforts
|
|
|
|
0.326
|
None/rare
|
4976(78.8)
|
1837(79.4)
|
3139(78.4)
|
|
Sometimes
|
1076(17.0)
|
384(16.6)
|
692(17.3)
|
|
Much/very much
|
265(4.2)
|
92(4.0)
|
173(4.3)
|
|
You worried about routine works besides the COVID-19 epidemic
|
|
|
|
<0.001
|
None/rare
|
2730(43.2)
|
1085(46.9)
|
1645(41.1)
|
|
Sometimes
|
2527(40.0)
|
869(37.6)
|
1658(41.4)
|
|
Much/very much
|
1060(16.8)
|
359(15.5)
|
701(17.5)
|
|
Total score of perceived troubles at work
|
12.25±3.74
|
12.39±3.82
|
12.17±3.69
|
0.023
|
Mental health status and self-perceived health
|
|
|
|
|
PHQ-9
|
5.94±5.59
|
|
|
|
Depression (yes)
|
1034(21.3)
|
521(27.1)
|
513(17.5)
|
<0.001
|
GAD-7
|
5.69±5.07
|
|
|
|
Anxiety (yes)
|
920(19.0)
|
396(20.6)
|
524(17.9)
|
<0.001
|
Self-perceived health
|
|
|
|
<0.001
|
Very good
|
974(15.4)
|
199(8.6)
|
775(19.4)
|
|
Good
|
2504(39.6)
|
841(36.4)
|
1663(41.5)
|
|
Average
|
2221(35.2)
|
926(40.0)
|
1295(32.3)
|
|
Poor
|
555(8.8)
|
303(13.1)
|
252(6.3)
|
|
Very poor
|
63(1.0)
|
44(1.9)
|
19(0.5)
|
|
1 Epidemic severity (by province):1.Very low=0-19; 2.Low=20-199; 3.Midium=200-699; 4.High=700-9999; 5.Very high=over 10000. (According to the total number of confirmed cases in each province by February 25).
COVID-19 control and prevention work related variables
Overall, 19.9% of the participants were from the province with severe epidemic (i.e., Hubei), accounting for 14.3% of the CDC workers and 23.2% of the PHI workers (p<0.001, Table 1). Nearly half (49.9) of CDC workers started COVID-19 prevention work before January 23, 2020, versus 34.4% among PHI workers (p<0.001, Table 1). COVID-19 control and prevention work before January 20, 2020 for 22% of CDC workers and 9% of PHI workers increasing to 87% and 78% by January 27. Both CDC workers and PHI workers self-reported to have received training and had sufficient knowledge of COVID-19. Less than 2% of the participants reported inadequate knowledge (2.6% of CDC workers versus 1.1% of PHI workers, Table 1) and more than half received training for >16 hours (47.6% of CDC workers versus 52.3% of PHI workers, Table 1).
The majority (78.3% of CDC workers versus 67.8% of PHI workers, p<0.001, Table 1) participated in both field and non-field work. Detailed information about work contents was shown in Table S1. Most noteworthy, 22.8% participated in face-to-face epidemiological investigation of patients (17.8% of CDC workers versus 25.8% of PHI workers, p<0.001); 22.8% participated in medical observation of close contacts (10.2% of CDC workers versus 30.1% of PHI workers, p<0.001); 22.7% of CDC workers and 52.2% of PHI workers conducted health education; and 26.0% of CDC workers and 9.0% of PHI workers were involved in epidemiological report writing.
In Guangdong province, 88.6% of CDC workers involved in COVID-19 prevention work were public health concentrated, versus 37.0% of PHI workers (p<0.001, Table S2). Specifically, 63.0% of PHI workers engaged in COVID-19 prevention work were actually clinicians (27.6%), nurses (26.6%), pharmacists (5.1%), and clinical technicians (3.7%) as their routine work. The majority of CDC workers worked in a public health concentration in their routine works, such as infectious disease prevention and control (16.1%), non-communicable disease prevention and control (20.1%), health education (6.1%), and health inspection (9.3%).
Efforts and sacrifices during the outbreak
More CDC workers (26.8%) reported that they have worked all night for >3 days than PHI workers (15.5%, p<0.001, Table 1); 56.8% of CDC workers and 38.7% of PHI workers had worked during the whole period of Chinese New Year (p<0.001, Table 1). There were no significant differences in sacrifices between CDC workers and PHI workers. To avoid infecting family members, 13.9% of all participants chose not to live at home and 14.8% sent their children to parents’ homes (Table 1).
Perceptions
More PHI workers (64.1%) perceived moderate to high level concerns about being infected at work than did CDC workers (55.8%, p<0.001, Table 1). The majority (88%-98.1%, Table 1) perceived medium to high level of support from colleagues, family, and society. There were no significant differences in total score of support between CDC workers and PHI workers (mean, 11.02 versus 10.98, p=0.360, Table 1). CDC workers perceived higher level of troubles at work than PHI workers (mean, 12.39 versus 12.17, p=0.023, Table 1). For example, 48.5% of CDC workers and 43.1% of PHI workers reported being treated unfairly at work (p<0.001, Table 1); and 53.1% of CDC workers and 58.9% of PHI workers worried about their routine works beside the COVID-19 prevention work (p<0.001, Table 1).
Self-rated health status and prevalence of mental health problems
Less than 10% had poor/very poor self-rated health (15.0% of CDC workers versus 6.8% of PHI workers, p<0.001, Table 1). The prevalence of probable depression among CDC workers and PHI workers was 27.1% and 17.5% (p<0.001, Table 1), respectively. The prevalence of anxiety was 20.6% among CDC workers versus 17.9% among PHI workers (p<0.001, Table 1).
Factors associated with depression, anxiety, and poor self-rated health
Significant socio-demographic variables associated with depression included being female (OR=1.29, Table 2), with children under 6 years old (OR=1.41, Table 2), and being aged above 30 (OR=0.63, Table 2). Only one significant socio-demographic variable (i.e., with children under 6 years old, OR=1.39, Table 2) was found to be associated with anxiety. Women (OR=1.13, Table 2), participants with children under 6 years old (OR=1.12, Table 2), and participants with intermediate or senior job title (OR=1.26, Table 2) were more likely to have poor self-rated health. Participants from Hubei had a higher level of anxiety but not depression and poor self-rated health than those from other provinces.
Table 2 Associations between mental health status/self-perceived health status and background variables.
Variables
|
Depression
|
|
Anxiety
|
|
Poor self-perceived health
|
|
Row (%)
|
ORu
|
AOR (95%CI)
|
|
Row (%)
|
ORu
|
AOR (95 %CI)
|
|
Row (%)
|
ORu
|
AOR (95%CI)
|
Socio-demographic characteristics
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sex
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male
|
18.7
|
1.00
|
NA
|
|
17.8
|
1.00
|
NA
|
|
43.0
|
1.00
|
NA
|
Female
|
22.9
|
1.29**
|
NA
|
|
19.6
|
1.13
|
NA
|
|
46.0
|
1.13*
|
NA
|
Age group
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<30
|
28.0
|
1.00
|
NA
|
|
20.8
|
1.00
|
NA
|
|
44.0
|
1.00
|
NA
|
>=30
|
19.6
|
0.63***
|
NA
|
|
18.5
|
0.86
|
NA
|
|
45.2
|
1.05
|
NA
|
Having children under 6 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No
|
19.8
|
1.00
|
NA
|
|
17.6
|
1.00
|
NA
|
|
44.2
|
1.00
|
NA
|
Yes
|
25.8
|
1.41***
|
NA
|
|
22.9
|
1.39***
|
NA
|
|
47.0
|
1.12*
|
NA
|
Job title
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Junior
|
20.9
|
1.00
|
NA
|
|
19.4
|
1.00
|
NA
|
|
42.5
|
1.00
|
NA
|
Intermediate/senior
|
21.4
|
1.03
|
NA
|
|
18.4
|
0.94
|
NA
|
|
48.3
|
1.26***
|
NA
|
Others (e.g., volunteers)
|
22.7
|
1.11
|
NA
|
|
19.1
|
0.98
|
NA
|
|
42.0
|
0.98
|
NA
|
COVID-19 control and prevention work related variables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outbreak severity (by province)1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hubei
|
21.0
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
20.6
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
44.3
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
Other province
|
21.4
|
1.03
|
0.95(0.81,1.11)
|
|
18.4
|
0.87
|
0.83(0.70,0.98)*
|
|
45.1
|
1.03
|
1.01(0.89,1.14)
|
Work contents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Involved in field work-only
|
19.2
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
17.3
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
38.1
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
Involved in non-field work-only
|
29.5
|
1.76**
|
1.57(1.10,2.23)*
|
|
16.4
|
0.94
|
0.88(0.58,1.35)
|
|
51.1
|
1.70***
|
1.64(1.24,2.16)***
|
Involved in both work
|
21.5
|
1.16
|
1.25(1.05,1.49)*
|
|
19.6
|
1.16
|
1.21(1.01,1.45)*
|
|
47.0
|
1.44***
|
1.46(1.29,1.64)***
|
Institutions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CDC
|
27.1
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
20.6
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
55.0
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
PHI
|
17.5
|
0.57***
|
0.57(0.49,0.66)***
|
|
17.9
|
0.84*
|
0.84(0.72,0.97)*
|
|
39.1
|
0.53***
|
0.53(0.47,0.59)***
|
Have training on COVID-19
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
28.9
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
22.5
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
56.7
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
Yes
|
21.1
|
0.66*
|
0.70(0.48,1.01)
|
|
18.9
|
0.80
|
0.83(0.56,1.24)
|
|
44.6
|
0.62**
|
0.62(0.46,0.84)**
|
Having sufficient knowledge of COVID-19 prevention and control
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adequate/relatively adequate
|
19.2
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
17.6
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
39.8
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
Average
|
25.7
|
1.46***
|
1.41(1.21,1.65)***
|
|
21.7
|
1.30**
|
1.27(1.08,1.49)**
|
|
58.6
|
2.14***
|
2.19(1.94,2.46)***
|
Inadequate/very inadequate
|
43.5
|
3.23***
|
3.16(2.07,4.84)***
|
|
37.0
|
2.75***
|
2.68(1.74,4.14)***
|
|
76.2
|
4.85***
|
4.88(3.10,7.69)***
|
Time to start participating in COVID-19 prevention and control
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Before 23nd Jan, 2020
|
23.3
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
21.5
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
50.8
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
23nd Jan, 2020~
|
19.4
|
0.79**
|
0.71(0.62,0.83)***
|
|
16.9
|
0.74***
|
0.70(0.60,0.82)***
|
|
40.6
|
0.66***
|
0.64(0.58,0.72)***
|
|
Efforts and sacrifices during the outbreak
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of days worked all night
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0
|
17.4
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
14.6
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
39.3
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
1-3 days
|
23.3
|
1.45***
|
1.61(1.35,1.91)***
|
|
21.5
|
1.60***
|
1.71(1.43,2.05)***
|
|
50.1
|
1.55***
|
1.65(1.46,1.88)***
|
|
>3 days
|
28.0
|
1.85***
|
2.14(1.80,2.55)***
|
|
25.9
|
2.05***
|
2.25(1.88,2.70)***
|
|
55.3
|
1.91***
|
2.11(1.84,2.41)***
|
|
Worked during the whole period of Chinese New Year
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No
|
20.5
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
17.3
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
39.7
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Yes
|
22.0
|
1.09
|
1.25(1.08,1.44)**
|
|
20.4
|
1.23**
|
1.31(1.13,1.52)***
|
|
51.3
|
1.61***
|
1.73(1.56,1.92)***
|
|
To avoid infecting family members, chose not to live at home
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No
|
20.0
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
18.2
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
43.6
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Yes
|
28.2
|
1.57***
|
1.53(1.28,1.83)***
|
|
23.2
|
1.36**
|
1.36(1.13,1.64)**
|
|
53.3
|
1.48***
|
1.53(1.32,1.77)***
|
|
To avoid infecting family members, send children to parents’ homes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No
|
20.7
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
18.1
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
44.4
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Yes
|
24.8
|
1.26**
|
1.14(0.94,1.38)
|
|
23.8
|
1.41***
|
1.29(1.06,1.57)*
|
|
47.9
|
1.15*
|
1.11(0.96,1.29)
|
|
Perceptions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Worried about being infected at work
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None/mild
|
13.0
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
9.7
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
35.1
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Medium/very worried
|
26.9
|
2.46***
|
2.42(2.07,2.83)***
|
|
25.3
|
3.16***
|
3.12(2.63,3.71)***
|
|
51.2
|
1.94***
|
1.92(1.73,2.14)***
|
|
How long one can persist with your current intensity of work
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<1 month
|
26.7
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
23.4
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
54.1
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
>=1 month
|
11.5
|
0.36***
|
0.36(0.31,0.43)***
|
|
11.0
|
0.41***
|
0.40(0.34,0.48)***
|
|
29.2
|
0.35***
|
0.35(0.32,0.40)***
|
|
Perceived support
|
|
0.93***
|
0.94(0.90,0.97)***
|
|
|
0.98
|
0.98(0.95,1.02)
|
|
|
0.89***
|
0.89(0.87,0.92)***
|
|
Perceived troubles at work
|
|
1.29***
|
1.29(1.26,1.32)***
|
|
|
1.32***
|
1.32(1.29,1.35)***
|
|
|
1.16***
|
1.16(1.14,1.18)***
|
|
ORu: Odds ratios of univariate analysis. AOR: Odds ratios adjusting for sociodemographic variables (sex, age, having child <6 and job title)
* :p<.05; **:p<.01; ***:p<.001; OR and 95%CI with p<.05 were in bold.
Adjusted for socio-demographic variables, 10 factors out of 14 factors of interest were significantly associated with all three health outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, and poor self-rated health), including three protective factors and seven risk factors (Table 2).
In our final multivariate models (Table 3), five factors were found to be independently associated with depression, anxiety and poor self-rated health: 1) worked all night for >3 days (ORm=1.67~1.75, p<0.001), 2) worried about being infected at work (ORm=1.46~1.89, p<0.001), 3) perceived troubles at work (ORm=1.10~1.28, p<0.001), 4) started COVID-19 prevention work after January 23 (ORm=0.78~0.82, p=0.002~0.008), and 5) capability to persist for more than 1 month with the current work intensity (ORm=0.44~0.55, p<0.001). Involvement only in non-field work was positively associated with depression (ORm=1.89, p=0.002) and poor self-rated health (ORm=1.74, p<0.001). Perceived support (ORm=0.94, p<0.001) was negatively associated with poor self-rated health.
Table 3 Associations between mental health status/self-perceived health status and background variables (multivariate stepwise logistic regression)a.
Variables
|
Depression
|
|
Anxiety
|
|
Poor self-perceived health
|
|
ORm (95%CI)
|
p value
|
|
ORm (95%CI)
|
p value
|
|
ORm (95%CI)
|
p value
|
COVID-19 control and prevention work related variables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Work contents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Involved in field work-only
|
1.00
|
|
|
N.S.
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
Involved in non-field work-only
|
1.89(1.27,2.82)
|
0.002
|
|
N.S.
|
|
|
1.74(1.28,2.36)
|
<0.001
|
Involved in both field and non-field work
|
1.04(0.85,1.27)
|
0.686
|
|
N.S.
|
|
|
1.25(1.09,1.43)
|
0.001
|
Having sufficient knowledge of COVID-19 prevention and control
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adequate/relatively adequate
|
1.00
|
|
|
N.S.
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
Average
|
1.18(0.99,1.41)
|
0.064
|
|
N.S.
|
|
|
2.02(1.77,2.30)
|
<0.001
|
Inadequate/very inadequate
|
2.18(1.33,3.59)
|
0.002
|
|
N.S.
|
|
|
3.64(2.23,5.92)
|
<0.001
|
Time to start participating in COVID-19 prevention and control work (23nd Jan, 2020~)
|
0.80(0.68,0.94)
|
0.008
|
|
0.78(0.66,0.92)
|
0.004
|
|
0.82(0.72,0.93)
|
0.002
|
Efforts and sacrifices during the outbreak
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of days worked all night
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0
|
1.00
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
1-3 days
|
1.42(1.16,1.72)
|
0.001
|
|
1.51(1.23,1.85)
|
<0.001
|
|
1.51(1.32,1.74)
|
<0.001
|
>3 days
|
1.67(1.37,2.05)
|
<0.001
|
|
1.75(1.42,2.16)
|
<0.001
|
|
1.67(1.43,1.96)
|
<0.001
|
Worked during the whole period of Chinese New Year (yes)
|
N.S.
|
|
|
N.S.
|
|
|
1.40(1.23,1.59)
|
<0.001
|
To avoid infecting family members, chose not to live at home (yes)
|
N.S.
|
|
|
N.S.
|
|
|
1.23(1.04,1.45)
|
0.014
|
Perceptions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Worried about being infected at work (Medium/very worried)
|
1.49(1.25,1.78)
|
<0.001
|
|
1.89(1.56,2.28)
|
<0.001
|
|
1.46(1.30,1.65)
|
<0.001
|
How long do you think you can persist with your current intensity of work (>=1 month)
|
0.48(0.40,0.58)
|
<0.001
|
|
0.55(0.45,0.67)
|
<0.001
|
|
0.44(0.39,0.49)
|
<0.001
|
Perceived support
|
N.S.
|
|
|
N.S.
|
|
|
0.94(0.92,0.97)
|
<0.001
|
Perceived troubles at work
|
1.26(1.23,1.29)
|
<0.001
|
|
1.28(1.25,1.31)
|
<0.001
|
|
1.10(1.08,1.12)
|
<0.001
|
a: variables which were significant in univariate analyses in Table 2 were used as candidates of forward stepwise models, after adjusting for sociodemographic variables (sex, age, having child <6 and job title)
Variables which were non-significant for all outcome variables were not included in the Table 3, including trainings on COVID-19 and send children to parents’ home to avoid infecting family members.
Variables with p<.05 were in bold.