The anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, and atherogenic index results of women diagnosed with PCOS are presented in Table 1.
Table 1
Anthropometric Measurements, Biochemical Parameters, and Atherogenic Index Results of Women Diagnosed with PCOS
| N | x̄±SS |
Age | 248 | 22.72 ± 4.07 |
Anthropometric Measurements | N | x̄±SS |
Weight (kg) | 248 | 77.30 ± 17.81 |
Height (cm) | 248 | 162.54 ± 4.95 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | 248 | 83.91 ± 12.80 |
Hip Circumference (cm) | 248 | 109.26 ± 15.01 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 248 | 29.24 ± 6.72 |
WHtR | 248 | 0.52 ± 0.08 |
BAI (%) | 248 | 34.85 ± 7.88 |
BRI | 248 | 3.81 ± 1.59 |
| N | Median (25th-75th Quarter) |
WHR | 248 | 0.76 (0.74–0.78) |
VAI | 247 | 3.85 (2.65–5.97) |
LAP | 248 | 5325 (3074–7176) |
ABSI | 247 | 0.07 (0.07–0.07) |
Biochemical Parameters | N | x̄±SS |
OGTT After 120 Minutes (mmol/L) | 248 | 141.97 ± 23.35 |
Insulin OGTT After 60 Minutes (pmol/L) | 248 | 111.31 ± 19.66 |
HbA1c (%) | 248 | 5.39 ± 0.59 |
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 248 | 171.19 ± 30.22 |
HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 248 | 55.68 ± 14.43 |
LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 248 | 95.92 ± 25.95 |
| N | Median (25th-75th Quarter) |
Fasting Glucose (mmol/L) | 248 | 89 (84–95) |
Fasting Insulin (pmol/L) | 248 | 12.30 (8.05–15.64) |
OGTT After 60 Minutes (mmol/L) | 248 | 89 (85–94) |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 248 | 94.50 (71.50–131.00) |
HOMA-IR Index | 248 | 47.36 (32.72–67.21) |
Atherogenic Indexes | N | x̄±SS |
Castelli's Risk Index-I | 248 | 3.25 ± 0.90 |
Castelli’s Risk Index-II | 248 | 1.86 ± 0.74 |
AIP | 248 | 0.26 ± 0.24 |
AC | 248 | 2.25 ± 0.90 |
METS-IR | 247 | 41.75 ± 11.03 |
TyG Index | 248 | 8.38 ± 0.48 |
TyG-BMI | 247 | 245.54 ± 60.78 |
TyG-Waist Circumference Index | 248 | 917.80 ± 148.37 |
| N | Median (25th-75th Quarter) |
LCI | 248 | 28481.54 (15771.24–47946.00) |
TG/HDL-C | 248 | 1.74 (1.16–2.62) |
BMI: Body mass index, WHtR: Waist-height ratio, BAI: Body adiposity index, BRI: Body Roundness Index, WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio, VAI: Visceral Adiposity Index, LAP: Lipid Accumulation Product, ABSI: A Body Shape Index, OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c, HDL: High-density lipoprotein, LDL: Low-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, AIP: Atherogenic risk of plasma, AC: atherogenic coefficient, METS-IR: Metabolic score of insulin resistance, TyG Index: triglyceride glucose index, TyG-BMI: triglyceride glucose-body mass index, LCI: lipoprotein combined index, TG/HDL-C: Triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio |
The relationships between anthropometric measurements, atherogenic indices, and glucose profile in the study group are presented in Table 2.
Table 2
Relationship Between Anthropometric Measurements, Atherogenic Indices, and Glucose Profile in the Study Group
| N | Fasting Glucose (mmol/L) | OGTT After 60 Minutes (mmol/L) | OGTT After 120 Minutes (mmol/L) |
r | p | r | p | r | p |
Weight (kg) | 248 | 0.265 | < 0.001 | 0.294 | < 0.001 | 0.419 | < 0.001 |
Height (cm) | 248 | 0.267 | < 0.001 | 0.323 | < 0.001 | 0.473 | < 0.001 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | 248 | 0.254 | < 0.001 | 0.321 | < 0.001 | 0.487 | < 0.001 |
Hip Circumference (cm) | 248 | 0.276 | < 0.001 | 0.331 | < 0.001 | 0.428 | < 0.001 |
WHR | 248 | 0.162 | 0.010 | 0.195 | 0.002 | 0.188 | 0.003 |
WHtR | 248 | 0.267 | < 0.001 | 0.335 | < 0.001 | 0.473 | < 0.001 |
BAI (%) | 248 | 0.240 | < 0.001 | 0.322 | < 0.001 | 0.475 | < 0.001 |
VAI | 247 | 0.156 | 0.014 | 0.272 | < 0.001 | 0.200 | 0.002 |
LAP | 248 | 0.161 | 0.011 | 0.299 | < 0.001 | 0.419 | < 0.001 |
BRI | 248 | 0.267 | < 0.001 | 0.335 | < 0.001 | 0.458 | < 0.001 |
ABSI | 247 | -0.036 | 0.572 | 0.013 | 0.839 | 0.075 | 0.242 |
Castelli’s Risk Index-I | 248 | 0.274 | < 0.001 | 0.267 | < 0.001 | 0.171 | 0.007 |
Castelli’s Risk Index-II | 248 | 0.233 | < 0.001 | 0.210 | < 0.001 | 0.173 | 0.006 |
AIP | 248 | 0.170 | 0.007 | 0.279 | < 0.001 | 0.146 | 0.022 |
AC | 248 | 0.274 | < 0.001 | 0.267 | < 0.001 | 0.171 | 0.007 |
LCI | 248 | 0.182 | 0.004 | 0.259 | < 0.001 | 0.333 | < 0.001 |
TG/HDL-C | 248 | 0.170 | 0.007 | 0.279 | < 0.001 | 0.172 | 0.007 |
METS-IR | 247 | 0.372 | < 0.001 | 0.410 | < 0.001 | 0.382 | < 0.001 |
TyG Index | 248 | 0.275 | < 0.001 | 0.390 | < 0.001 | 0.290 | < 0.001 |
TyG-BMI | 247 | 0.326 | < 0.001 | 0.399 | < 0.001 | 0.452 | < 0.001 |
TyG- Waist Circumference Index | 248 | 0.308 | < 0.001 | 0.399 | < 0.001 | 0.506 | < 0.001 |
BMI: Body mass index, WHtR: Waist-height ratio, BAI: Body adiposity index, BRI: Body Roundness Index, WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio, VAI: Visceral Adiposity Index, LAP: Lipid Accumulation Product, ABSI: A Body Shape Index, OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c, HDL: High-density lipoprotein, LDL: Low-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, AIP: Atherogenic risk of plasma, AC: atherogenic coefficient, METS-IR: Metabolic score of insulin resistance, TyG Index: triglyceride glucose index, TyG-BMI: triglyceride glucose-body mass index, LCI: lipoprotein combined index, TG/HDL-C: Triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio |
Correlation coefficients given in italics were calculated using Spearman's rank correlation test.
Upon examining Table 2, a low positive correlation was found between fasting glucose (mmol/L) and weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, WHR, WHtR, BAI, VAI, LAP, BRI, Castelli's risk index-I, Castelli's risk index-II, AIP, AC, LCI, TG/HDL-C, and TyG index; a moderate positive correlation was found between fasting glucose and METS-IR, TyG-BMI, and TyG-waist circumference index (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05), with no significant relationship observed with ABSI (p > 0.05).
After 60 minutes, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (mmol/L) showed a low positive correlation with weight, WHR, VAI, LAP, Castelli's risk index-I, Castelli's risk index-II, AIP, AC, LCI, and TG/HDL-C; and a moderate positive correlation with waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, WHtR, BAI, BRI, METS-IR, TyG index, TyG-BMI, and TyG-waist circumference index (p < 0.001, p < 0.01), with no significant relationship observed with ABSI (p > 0.05).
After 120 minutes, the OGTT (mmol/L) demonstrated a low positive correlation with WHR, VAI, Castelli's risk index-I, Castelli's risk index-II, AIP, AC, TG/HDL-C, and TyG index; and a moderate positive correlation with weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, WHtR, BAI, LAP, BRI, LCI, METS-IR, TyG-BMI, and TyG-waist circumference index (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05), with no significant relationship observed with ABSI (p > 0.05).
The relationships between anthropometric measurements, atherogenic indices, and insulin profile in the study group are presented in Table 3.
Table 3
Relationship Between Anthropometric Measurements, Atherogenic Indices, and Insulin Profile in the Study Group
| N | Fasting Insulin (pmol/L) | Insulin OGTT After 60 Minutes (pmol/L) |
r | p | r | p |
Weight (kg) | 248 | 0.336 | < 0.001 | 0.406 | < 0.001 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | 248 | 0.321 | < 0.001 | 0.475 | < 0.001 |
Hip Circumference (cm) | 248 | 0.312 | < 0.001 | 0.527 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 248 | 0.345 | < 0.001 | 0.396 | < 0.001 |
WHR | 248 | 0.132 | 0.038 | 0.161 | 0.011 |
WHtR | 248 | 0.331 | < 0.001 | 0.464 | < 0.001 |
BAI (%) | 248 | 0.313 | < 0.001 | 0.497 | < 0.001 |
VAI | 247 | 0.112 | 0.079 | 0.245 | < 0.001 |
LAP | 248 | 0.187 | 0.003 | 0.432 | < 0.001 |
BRI | 248 | 0.331 | < 0.001 | 0.456 | < 0.001 |
ABSI | 247 | -0.015 | 0.817 | 0.102 | 0.109 |
Castelli’s Risk Index-I | 248 | 0.160 | 0.012 | 0.290 | < 0.001 |
Castelli’s Risk Index-II | 248 | 0.134 | 0.036 | 0.290 | < 0.001 |
AIP | 248 | 0.116 | 0.068 | 0.170 | 0.007 |
AC | 248 | 0.160 | 0.012 | 0.290 | < 0.001 |
LCI | 248 | 0.129 | 0.042 | 0.388 | < 0.001 |
TG/HDL-C | 248 | 0.116 | 0.068 | 0.219 | < 0.001 |
METS-IR | 247 | 0.364 | < 0.001 | 0.392 | < 0.001 |
TyG Index | 248 | 0.105 | 0.099 | 0.268 | < 0.001 |
TyG-BMI | 247 | 0.342 | < 0.001 | 0.430 | < 0.001 |
TyG- Waist Circumference Index | 248 | 0.292 | < 0.001 | 0.539 | < 0.001 |
BMI: Body mass index, WHtR: Waist-height ratio, BAI: Body adiposity index, BRI: Body Roundness Index, WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio, VAI: Visceral Adiposity Index, LAP: Lipid Accumulation Product, ABSI: A Body Shape Index, OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test, HDL: High-density lipoprotein, AIP: Atherogenic risk of plasma, AC: atherogenic coefficient, TyG Index: triglyceride glucose index, TyG-BMI: triglyceride glucose-body mass index, LCI: lipoprotein combined index, TG/HDL-C: Triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio | |
Correlation coefficients given in italics were calculated using Spearman's rank correlation test.
Upon examining Table 3, a low positive correlation was found between fasting insulin (pmol/L) and WHR, VAI, LAP, Castelli's risk index-I, Castelli's risk index-II, AC, LCI, TG/HDL-C, TyG index, and TyG-waist circumference index; a moderate positive correlation was found between fasting insulin and weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, WHtR, BAI, BRI, METS-IR, and TyG-BMI (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05). No significant relationship was observed with ABSI and AIP (p > 0.05).
After 60 minutes, the insulin OGTT (pmol/L) showed a low positive correlation with WHR, VAI, Castelli's risk index-I, Castelli's risk index-II, AIP, AC, TG/HDL-C, and TyG index; and a moderate positive correlation with weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, WHtR, BAI, LAP, BRI, LCI, METS-IR, TyG-BMI, and TyG-waist circumference index (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05). No significant relationship was observed with ABSI (p > 0.05).
The relationships between anthropometric measurements, atherogenic indices, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and HOMA-IR index in the study group are presented in Table 4.
Table 4
Relationship Between Anthropometric Measurements, Atherogenic Indices, and HbA1c and HOMA-IR Index in the Study Group
| N | HbA1c (%) | HOMA-IR Index |
r | p | r | p |
Weight (kg) | 248 | 0.340 | < 0.001 | 0.363 | < 0.001 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | 248 | 0.203 | 0.001 | 0.308 | < 0.001 |
Hip Circumference (cm) | 248 | 0.207 | 0.001 | 0.299 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 248 | 0.283 | < 0.001 | 0.369 | < 0.001 |
WHR | 248 | 0.132 | 0.038 | 0.117 | 0.065 |
WHtR | 248 | 0.181 | 0.004 | 0.315 | < 0.001 |
BAI (%) | 248 | 0.166 | 0.009 | 0.294 | < 0.001 |
VAI | 247 | 0.096 | 0.133 | 0.114 | 0.074 |
LAP | 248 | 0.144 | 0.024 | 0.180 | 0.005 |
BRI | 248 | 0.175 | 0.006 | 0.315 | < 0.001 |
ABSI | 247 | -0.198 | 0.002 | -0.086 | 0.178 |
Castelli’s Risk Index-I | 248 | 0.204 | < 0.001 | 0.177 | 0.005 |
Castelli’s Risk Index-II | 248 | 0.223 | < 0.001 | 0.149 | 0.019 |
AIP | 248 | 0.086 | 0.175 | 0.128 | 0.043 |
AC | 248 | 0.204 | 0.001 | 0.177 | 0.005 |
LCI | 248 | 0.177 | 0.005 | 0.133 | 0.036 |
TG/HDL-C | 248 | 0.104 | 0.101 | 0.128 | 0.043 |
METS-IR | 247 | 0.276 | < 0.001 | 0.398 | < 0.001 |
TyG Index | 248 | 0.175 | 0.006 | 0.140 | 0.027 |
TyG-BMI | 247 | 0.290 | < 0.001 | 0.373 | < 0.001 |
TyG- Waist Circumference Index | 248 | 0.222 | < 0.001 | 0.296 | < 0.001 |
BMI: Body mass index, WHtR: Waist-height ratio, BAI: Body adiposity index, BRI: Body Roundness Index, WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio, VAI: Visceral Adiposity Index, LAP: Lipid Accumulation Product, ABSI: A Body Shape Index, OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c, HDL: High-density lipoprotein, LDL: Low-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, AIP: Atherogenic risk of plasma, AC: atherogenic coefficient, METS-IR: Metabolic score of insulin resistance, TyG Index: triglyceride glucose index, TyG-BMI: triglyceride glucose-body mass index, LCI: lipoprotein combined index, TG/HDL-C: Triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio | |
Correlation coefficients given in italics were calculated using Spearman's rank correlation test
Upon examining Table 4, a low positive correlation was found between HbA1c (%) and waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, WHR, WHtR, BAI, LAP, BRI, Castelli's risk index-I, Castelli's risk index-II, AC, LCI, TG/HDL-C, METS-IR, TyG index, TyG-BMI, and TyG-waist circumference index; a moderate positive correlation was found with weight; and a low negative correlation was found with ABSI (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05). No significant relationship was observed with VAI, AIP, and TG/HDL-C (p > 0.05).
For the HOMA-IR index, a low positive correlation was found with hip circumference, BAI, LAP, Castelli's risk index-I, Castelli's risk index-II, AIP, AC, LCI, TG/HDL-C, TyG index, and TyG-waist circumference index; a moderate positive correlation was found with weight, waist circumference, BMI, WHtR, BRI, and METS-IR (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05). No significant relationship was observed with WHR, VAI, and ABSI (p > 0.05).