[1] Court-Brown CM, Garg A, McQueen MM. The epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures. Acta Orthop Scand. 2001;72:365–71.
[2] Resch H, Hubner C, Schwaiger R. Minimally invasive reduction and osteosynthesis of articular fractures of the humeral head. Injury. 2001;32 Suppl 1:SA25–32.
[3] Jaberg H, Warner JJ, Jakob RP. Percutaneous stabilization of unstable fractures of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74:508–15.
[4] Hintermann B, Trouillier HH, Schafer D. Rigid internal fixation of fractures of the proximal humerus in older patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000;82:1107–12.
[5] Koukakis A, Apostolou CD, Taneja T, Korres DS, Amini A. Fixation of proximal humerus fractures using the PHILOS plate: early experience. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;442:115–20.
[6] Savoie FH, Geissler WB, Vander Griend RA. Open reduction and internal fixation of three-part fractures of the proximal humerus. Orthopedics. 1989;12:65–70.
[7] Cuomo F, Flatow EL, Maday MG, Miller SR, McIlveen SJ, Bigliani LU. Open reduction and internal fixation of two- and three-part displaced surgical neck fractures of the proximal humerus. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1992;1:287–95.
[8] Ko JY, Yamamoto R. Surgical treatment of complex fracture of the proximal humerus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996:225–37.
[9] Ruter A. [Indication and technique for shoulder endoprostheses in fractures]. Chirurg. 2001;72:1246–52.
[10] Goldman RT, Koval KJ, Cuomo F, Gallagher MA, Zuckerman JD. Functional outcome after humeral head replacement for acute three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1995;4:81–6.
[11] Bogner R, Hubner C, Matis N, Auffarth A, Lederer S, Resch H. Minimally-invasive treatment of three- and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008;90:1602–7.
[12] Carbone S, Tangari M, Gumina S, Postacchini R, Campi A, Postacchini F. Percutaneous pinning of three- or four-part fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly patients in poor general condition: MIROS(R) versus traditional pinning. Int Orthop. 2012;36:1267–73.
[13] Di Gennaro GL, Spina M, Lampasi M, Libri R, Donzelli O. Fractures of the proximal humerus in children. Chir Organi Mov. 2008;92:89–95.
[14] Pavone V, de Cristo C, Cannavo L, Testa G, Buscema A, Condorelli G, et al. Midterm results of surgical treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures in children. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2016;26:461–7.
[15] Muncibi F, Paez DC, Matassi F, Carulli C, Nistri L, Innocenti M. Long term results of percutaneous fixation of proximal humerus fractures. Indian J Orthop. 2012;46:664–7.
[16] Habernek H, Walch G. [Secondary wire migration following percutaneous bore wire fixation of acromioclavicular dislocation]. Aktuelle Traumatol. 1989;19:218–20.
[17] Pientka WF, 2nd, Bates CM, Webb BG. Asymptomatic Migration of a Kirschner Wire from the Proximal Aspect of the Humerus to the Thoracic Cavity: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect. 2016;6:e77.
[18] Soete PJ, Clayson PE, Costenoble VH. Transitory percutaneous pinning in fractures of the proximal humerus. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1999;8:569–73.
[19] Fenichel I, Oran A, Burstein G, Perry Pritsch M. Percutaneous pinning using threaded pins as a treatment option for unstable two- and three-part fractures of the proximal humerus: a retrospective study. Int Orthop. 2006;30:153–7.
[20] Amstutz HC, Sew Hoy AL, Clarke IC. UCLA anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1981:7–20.
[21] Michener LA, McClure PW, Sennett BJ. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form, patient self-report section: reliability, validity, and responsiveness. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2002;11:587–94.
[22] Chen CY, Chao EK, Tu YK, Ueng SW, Shih CH. Closed management and percutaneous fixation of unstable proximal humerus fractures. J Trauma. 1998;45:1039–45.
[23] Neer CS, 2nd. Displaced proximal humeral fractures. II. Treatment of three-part and four-part displacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970;52:1090–103.
[24] Hohloch L, Eberbach H, Wagner FC, Strohm PC, Reising K, Sudkamp NP, et al. Age- and severity-adjusted treatment of proximal humerus fractures in children and adolescents-A systematical review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0183157.
[25] Zacharia B, Puthezhath K, Varghees I. Kirschner wire migration from subcapital humeral fracture site, causing hydropneumothorax. Chin J Traumatol. 2016;19:305–8.
[26] Freund E, Nachman R, Gips H, Hiss J. Migration of a Kirschner wire used in the fixation of a subcapital humeral fracture, causing cardiac tamponade: case report and review of literature. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2007;28:155–6.
[27] Blonna D, Castoldi F, Scelsi M, Rossi R, Falcone G, Assom M. The hybrid technique: potential reduction in complications related to pins mobilization in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2010;19:1218–29.