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Background: Biobutanol is promising and renewable alternative to traditional fossil fuels and could be produced by Clostridium species from lignocellulosic biomass. However, biomass is recalcitrant to be hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars attributed to the densely packed structure by layers of lignin. Development of pretreatment reagents and processes for increasing surface area, removing hemicellulose and lignin, and enhancing the relative content of cellulose is currently an area of great interest. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a new class of green solvents, are effective in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. However, it remains challenging to achieve high titers of total sugars and usually requires combinatorial pretreatment with other reagents. In this study, we aim to develop novel DESs with high application potential in biomass pretreatment and high biocompatibility for biobutanol fermentation.
Results: Several DESs with betaine chloride and ethylamine chloride (EaCl) as hydrogen bond acceptors were synthesized. Among them, EaCl:LAC with lactic acid as hydrogen bond donor displayed the best performance in the pretreatment of corncob. Only by single pretreatment with EaCl:LAC, total sugars of as high as 53.5 g·L–1 could be reached. Consecutive batches for pretreatment of corncob were performed using gradiently decreased cellulase by 5 FPU·g–1. At the end of the sixth batch, the concentration and specific yield of total sugars were 58.8 g·L–1 and 706 g·kg–1 pretreated corncob, saving a total of 50% cellulase. Utilizing hydrolysate as carbon source, butanol titer of 10.4 g·L–1 was achieved with butanol yield of 137 g·kg–1 pretreated corncob by Clostridium saccharobutylicum DSM13864.
Conclusions: Ethylamine and lactic acid based deep eutectic solvent is promising in pretreatment of corncob with high total sugar concentrations and compatible for biobutanol fermentation. This study provides an efficient pretreatment reagent for facilely reducing recalcitrance of lignocellulosic materials and a promising process for biobutanol fermentation from renewable biomass.
Keywords
Deep eutectic solvent, Lignocellulosic biomass, Ethylamine, Pretreatment, Biobutanol
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Figure 5
Figure 6
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Additionalfile1.pdf
Additional file 1. Comparison on pretreatment of corncob using different DESs
- Additionalfile2.pptx
Additional file 2. SEM analysis of raw or pretreated corncob.
- Additionalfile3.pptx
Additional file 3. XRD data of raw and pretreated corncob.
- Additionalfile4.pptx
Additional file 4. FTIR spectra of raw and pretreated corncob.
- Additionalfile5.pdf
Additional file 5. Optimization the pretreatment conditions of corncob using EaCl:LAC.
- Additionalfile6.pdf
Additional file 6. Coordinates of the optimized structure of DESs
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Biotechnology for Biofuels.
Version 2
Posted 18 Sep, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 26 Sep, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 25 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 20 Sep, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 20 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 20 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 20 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 20 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 20 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Sep, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 20 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 17 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 16 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 16 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 20 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 08 Aug, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 05 Aug, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 05 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 01 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 29 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 26 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 26 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 25 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 25 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Jul, 2020
First submitted
On 22 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Jul, 2020
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Subject Areas
Biotechnology and Bioengineering
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See the published version of this preprint at Biotechnology for Biofuels.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Biotechnology for Biofuels.
Version 2
Posted 18 Sep, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 26 Sep, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 25 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 20 Sep, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 20 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 20 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 20 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 20 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 20 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Sep, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 20 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 17 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 16 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 16 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 20 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 08 Aug, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 05 Aug, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 05 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 01 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 29 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 26 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 26 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 25 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 25 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Jul, 2020
First submitted
On 22 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Jul, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Biotechnology and Bioengineering
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Biotechnology for Biofuels.
Background: Biobutanol is promising and renewable alternative to traditional fossil fuels and could be produced by Clostridium species from lignocellulosic biomass. However, biomass is recalcitrant to be hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars attributed to the densely packed structure by layers of lignin. Development of pretreatment reagents and processes for increasing surface area, removing hemicellulose and lignin, and enhancing the relative content of cellulose is currently an area of great interest. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a new class of green solvents, are effective in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. However, it remains challenging to achieve high titers of total sugars and usually requires combinatorial pretreatment with other reagents. In this study, we aim to develop novel DESs with high application potential in biomass pretreatment and high biocompatibility for biobutanol fermentation.
Results: Several DESs with betaine chloride and ethylamine chloride (EaCl) as hydrogen bond acceptors were synthesized. Among them, EaCl:LAC with lactic acid as hydrogen bond donor displayed the best performance in the pretreatment of corncob. Only by single pretreatment with EaCl:LAC, total sugars of as high as 53.5 g·L–1 could be reached. Consecutive batches for pretreatment of corncob were performed using gradiently decreased cellulase by 5 FPU·g–1. At the end of the sixth batch, the concentration and specific yield of total sugars were 58.8 g·L–1 and 706 g·kg–1 pretreated corncob, saving a total of 50% cellulase. Utilizing hydrolysate as carbon source, butanol titer of 10.4 g·L–1 was achieved with butanol yield of 137 g·kg–1 pretreated corncob by Clostridium saccharobutylicum DSM13864.
Conclusions: Ethylamine and lactic acid based deep eutectic solvent is promising in pretreatment of corncob with high total sugar concentrations and compatible for biobutanol fermentation. This study provides an efficient pretreatment reagent for facilely reducing recalcitrance of lignocellulosic materials and a promising process for biobutanol fermentation from renewable biomass.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Additionalfile1.pdf
Additional file 1. Comparison on pretreatment of corncob using different DESs
- Additionalfile2.pptx
Additional file 2. SEM analysis of raw or pretreated corncob.
- Additionalfile3.pptx
Additional file 3. XRD data of raw and pretreated corncob.
- Additionalfile4.pptx
Additional file 4. FTIR spectra of raw and pretreated corncob.
- Additionalfile5.pdf
Additional file 5. Optimization the pretreatment conditions of corncob using EaCl:LAC.
- Additionalfile6.pdf
Additional file 6. Coordinates of the optimized structure of DESs
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