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Research article
Stress, stressors and related factors in clinical learning of midwifery students in Iran: a cross sectional study
Behrooz Rezaei
Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4236-2486
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Midwifery is an emotionally challenging profession, and academic education of midwifery especially clinical learning has its own specific challenges. Midwifery students face with stressful experiences, especially related to instructor and characteristics of clinical environment, which can affect their theoretical and practical abilities. There is insufficient evidence in this field. This study aimed to explore (1) the perceived stress and stressors of midwifery students and (2) the relationships between students' stress and related factors in clinical learning environment. Methods: A cross sectional, survey design was conducted at one university in Iran. A sample of 108 students was selected using Krejcie and Morgan table in 2016. Data was collected using Persian version of Cohen's perceived stress scale, Persian questionnaire of sources of stress and demographic form. Data was analyzed using independent t, ANOVA and correlation coefficient test (α<0.05). Results: Participants returned 70 surveys (response rate, 64.8%). Approximately 56 % of the students perceived a high level of stress. The most common dimensions of stressors were "unpleasant emotions" and "humiliating experiences". The highest stressors were included "feeling suffering due to seeing for patients with critical situation", "instructor’s admonition in the presence of clinical staff" and "communication with instructor". The "interest in the field of study" had a negative impact on perception of stressors in dimensions of "clinical practices" and "interpersonal communication". Conclusions: The midwifery students reported their stress in severe level, especially in dimensions of "unpleasant emotions" and "humiliating experiences". The factors associated with the instructors have caused more stress in students. These findings will highlight need for supportive strategies by the clinical instructors. In this regard, the use of experienced instructors, the development of communication skills of the instructors, increasing coping skills of the students and the creation of a supportive environment may be helpful. Keywords: Clinical Learning Environment, Clinical Education, Clinical Preceptorship, Midwifery Education, Stress, Student, Midwifery, Instructor
Keywords
Clinical Learning Environment, Clinical Education, Clinical Preceptorship, Midwifery Education, Stress, Student, Midwifery, Instructor
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 2
Posted 16 Jan, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 15 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 15 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 15 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 15 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Jan, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 07 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 18 Dec, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 15 Dec, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Nov, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Oct, 2019
Editor assigned
On 18 Sep, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 03 Sep, 2019
Editor invited
On 03 Sep, 2019
First submitted
On 30 Aug, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Internal Medicine
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Medical Education. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Stress, stressors and related factors in clinical learning of midwifery students in Iran: a cross sectional study
Behrooz Rezaei
Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4236-2486
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 2
Posted 16 Jan, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 15 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 15 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 15 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 15 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Jan, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 07 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 18 Dec, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 15 Dec, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Nov, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Oct, 2019
Editor assigned
On 18 Sep, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 03 Sep, 2019
Editor invited
On 03 Sep, 2019
First submitted
On 30 Aug, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Internal Medicine
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Midwifery is an emotionally challenging profession, and academic education of midwifery especially clinical learning has its own specific challenges. Midwifery students face with stressful experiences, especially related to instructor and characteristics of clinical environment, which can affect their theoretical and practical abilities. There is insufficient evidence in this field. This study aimed to explore (1) the perceived stress and stressors of midwifery students and (2) the relationships between students' stress and related factors in clinical learning environment. Methods: A cross sectional, survey design was conducted at one university in Iran. A sample of 108 students was selected using Krejcie and Morgan table in 2016. Data was collected using Persian version of Cohen's perceived stress scale, Persian questionnaire of sources of stress and demographic form. Data was analyzed using independent t, ANOVA and correlation coefficient test (α<0.05). Results: Participants returned 70 surveys (response rate, 64.8%). Approximately 56 % of the students perceived a high level of stress. The most common dimensions of stressors were "unpleasant emotions" and "humiliating experiences". The highest stressors were included "feeling suffering due to seeing for patients with critical situation", "instructor’s admonition in the presence of clinical staff" and "communication with instructor". The "interest in the field of study" had a negative impact on perception of stressors in dimensions of "clinical practices" and "interpersonal communication". Conclusions: The midwifery students reported their stress in severe level, especially in dimensions of "unpleasant emotions" and "humiliating experiences". The factors associated with the instructors have caused more stress in students. These findings will highlight need for supportive strategies by the clinical instructors. In this regard, the use of experienced instructors, the development of communication skills of the instructors, increasing coping skills of the students and the creation of a supportive environment may be helpful. Keywords: Clinical Learning Environment, Clinical Education, Clinical Preceptorship, Midwifery Education, Stress, Student, Midwifery, Instructor
Due to technical limitations, the tables are only available as a download in the supplemental files section