[1] Karona P, Kelaidi N, Tzouganakis A et al. (2020) Colorectal Cancer : Epidemiological Data of a Prefecture in Crete. European Journal of Surgical Oncology 46(2): e85
[2] Dekker E, Tanis PJ, Vleugels JLA et al (2019) Colorectal Cancer. Lancet 19: 1467-1480
[3] Rawla P, Sunkara T and Barsouk A (2019) Epidemiology of colorectal cancer: incidence, mortality, survival, and risk factors. Prz Gastroenterol 14(2): 89–103
[4] Robin S and McLeod MD (2001) Comparison of Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Abdominoperineal Extirpation or Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer Ann Surg 233(2): 157–158.
[5] Ansa BE, Coughlin SS, Alema-Mensah E, Smith SA (2018) Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Incidence Trends in the United States (2000-2014) J Clin Med 7(2):22.
[6] Han KS, Choi GS, Park JS, Kim HJ, Park SY, Jun SH (2010) Short-term Outcomes of a Laparoscopic Left Hemicolectomy for Descending Colon Cancer: Retrospective Comparison with an Open Left Hemicolectomy. J Korean Soc Coloproctol 26(5):347‐353.
[7] Bosmans JW, Jongen AC, Bouvy ND, Derikx JP (2015) Colorectal anastomotic healing: why the biological processes that lead to anastomotic leakage should be revealed prior to conducting intervention studies. BMC Gastroenterol 15:180.
[8] James Yoo, MD (2008) Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery. Perm J 12(1): 27–31
[9] An V, Chandra R and Lawrence M (2018) Anastomotic Failure in Colorectal Surgery: Where Are We at? Indian J Surg. 80(2): 163–170
[10] Sciuto A, Merola G, De Palma G et al (2018) Predictive factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. World J Gastroenterol 24(21): 2247–2260
[11] Chapman SJ, Pericleous A, Downey C, Jayne DG (2018) Postoperative ileus following major colorectal surgery. Br J Surg 105(7):797‐810.
[12] Wolthuis AM, Bislenghi G, Fieuws S, de Buck van Overstraeten A, Boeckxstaens G, D’Hoore A (2016) Incidence of prolonged postoperative ileus after colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 18(1)
[13] Montemurro S, De Luca R, Caliandro C, et al (2012) Transanal tube NO COIL® after rectal cancer proctectomy. The “G. Paolo II” Cancer Centre experience. Tumori 98(5):607‐614
[14] Hanna MH, Vinci A, Pigazzi A (2015) Diverting ileostomy in colorectal surgery: when is it necessary? Langenbecks Arch Surg 400(2):145‐152.
[15] Yin TC, Tsai HL, Yang PF et al (2017) Early closure of defunctioning stoma increases complications related to stoma closure after concurrent chemoradiotherapy and low anterior resection in patients with rectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 15: 80
[16] Keigley MRB and Williams NS (1999) Surgical treatment of rectal can- cer. In: Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon. Pp 1119-1244, WB Saun- ders, London
[17] Sterk P, Schubert F, Günter S, Klein P (2001) Anastomosen protektion durch transanale Drainage? Klinische Erfahrung bei 50 Patienten nach Rektumresektionen mit totaler mesorektaler Exzision und tiefen Anastomosen [Anastomotic protection with a transanal tube after rectum resection and total mesorectal excision]. Zentralbl Chir 126(8):601‐604.
[18] Amin AI, Ramalingam T, Sexton R, Heald RJ, Leppington-Clarke A, Moran BJ (2003) Comparison of transanal stent with defunctioning stoma in low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Br J Surg 90(5):581‐582.
[19] Bülow S, Bulut O, Christensen IJ, Harling H, Rectal Stent Study Group (2006) Transanal stent in anterior resection does not prevent anastomotic leakage. Colorectal Dis 8(6):494‐496.
[20] Brandl A, Czipin S, Mittermair R, Weiss S, Pratschke J, Kafka-Ritsch R (2016) Transanal drainage tube reduces rate and severity of anastomotic leakage in patients with colorectal anastomosis: A case controlled study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 6:12‐16.
[21] Ye W, Zhu Z, Liu G, et al (2019) Application of the cuff rectum drainage tube in total mesorectal excision for low rectal cancer: A retrospective case-controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore) 98(23):e15939
[22] Montemurro S, Ammendola M, Gallo G, et al (2019) Sphincter-saving proctectomy for rectal cancer with NO COIL® transanal tube and without ostoma. Clinical outcomes, cost effectiveness and quality of life in the elderly. Minerva Chir 74(1):19‐25.
[23] van de Velde CJ, Boelens PG, Borras JM, et al (2014) EURECCA colorectal: multidisciplinary management: European consensus conference colon & rectum. Eur J Cancer 50(1):1.e1‐1.e34.
[24] Lowry AC, Simmang CL, Boulos P, et al (2001) Consensus statement of definitions for anorectal physiology and rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 3(4):272‐275.
[25] Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA (2004) Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 240(2):205‐213.
[26] Clavien PA, Barkun J, de Oliveira ML, et al (2009) The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience. Ann Surg 250(2):187‐196.
[27] Delaney CP, Kehlet H, Senagore A et al (2006) “Clinical Consensus Update” in General Surgery. Postoperative ileus: profiles, risk factors, and definitions – a framework for optimizing surgical outcomes in patients undergoing major abdominal and colorectal surgery. Clinical Consensus Update in General Surgery [Consensus statement].
[28] Italian ColoRectal Anastomotic Leakage (iCral) study group (2019) Colorectal surgery in Italy: a snapshot from the iCral study group. Updates Surg 71(2):339‐347.
[29] Mao H, Milne TGE, O’Grady G, Vather R, Edlin R, Bissett I (2019) Prolonged Postoperative Ileus Significantly Increases the Cost of Inpatient Stay for Patients Undergoing Elective Colorectal Surgery: Results of a Multivariate Analysis of Prospective Data at a Single Institution. Dis Colon Rectum 62(5):631‐637.
[30] Wolthuis AM, Bislenghi G, Fieuws S, de Buck van Overstraeten A, Boeckxstaens G, D’Hoore A (2016) Incidence of prolonged postoperative ileus after colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 18(1):O1‐O9.
[31] Serclová Z, Dytrych P, Marvan J, et al (2009) Fast-track in open intestinal surgery: prospective randomized study (Clinical Trials Gov Identifier no. NCT00123456). Clin Nutr 28(6):618-624.
[32] Esteban F, Cerdan FJ, Garcia-Alonso M, et al (2014) A multicentre comparison of a fast track or conventional postoperative protocol following laparoscopic or open elective surgery for colorectal cancer surgery. Colorectal Dis 16(2):134-140.
[33] Zawadzki M, Krzystek-Korpacka M, Rząca M, et al (2019) Risk factors in reoperations in colorectal surgery. Pol Przegl Chir 91(4):13-18.
[34] Pedrazzani C, Conti C, Turri G, et al (2019) Impact of age on feasibility and short-term outcomes of ERAS after laparoscopic colorectal resection. World J Gastrointest Surg 11(10):395-406.