Basic Information: The occupational benzene poisoning data reported in the province from 2006 to 2018 showed that the incidence was relatively higher in 2013, with 21 cases, accounting for 14.48% of the total reported cases. A total of 145 cases of occupational benzene poisoning were reported in the past 13 years, including 140 cases of occupational chronic benzene poisoning, accounting for 96.55% of the total reported cases, 5 cases of acute benzene poisoning and 28 cases of benzene-induced leukemia. In terms of the cases of benzene-induced leukemia, 28 cases were reported during 13 years, mainly distributed in 2007, 2013 and 2015, 11 cases in total, accounting for 39.29% of the total reported cases(Table 1, Figure 1) . It is apparent from figure 1 that a great majority of cases were found in 2013. The number of cases fluctuated by year and it has no evident tendency of growth or decrease.
Table 1 The cases of benzene poisoning distributed in time
|
Year
|
acute occupational benzene poisoning
|
chronic occupational benzene poisoning
|
benzene-induced leukemia
|
2005
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
2006
|
0
|
6
|
0
|
2007
|
0
|
11
|
6
|
2008
|
0
|
7
|
2
|
2009
|
0
|
9
|
1
|
2010
|
1
|
11
|
1
|
2011
|
0
|
10
|
0
|
2012
|
0
|
11
|
3
|
2013
|
1
|
20
|
5
|
2014
|
0
|
12
|
2
|
2015
|
0
|
10
|
5
|
2016
|
0
|
18
|
1
|
2017
|
1
|
9
|
1
|
2018
|
2
|
4
|
1
|
Total
|
5
|
140
|
28
|
- Industry distribution: The data from 2006-2018 report of occupational benzene poisoning and benzene leukemia indicates that most of the cases were found in the manufacturing, the occupational benzene poisoning patients accounted for 89.7% of the total cases, chronic benzene poisoning patients accounted for 90.7% of the total cases, benzene-induced leukemia accounts for 85.7% of the total cases, other cases were distributed respectively in leasing and business services, construction, retail trade, transportation, warehousing and postal service, accommodation and catering industry and public management, entertainment and social organization.
Table 2 The cases of benzene poisoning distributed in industry
|
industry
|
acute occupational benzene poisoning
|
chronic occupational benzene poisoning
|
benzene-induced leukemia
|
agriculture
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
mining industry
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
manufacturing industry
|
3
|
127
|
24
|
construction industry
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
retail trade
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
transportation
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
hotel and catering sectors
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
leasing and business service
|
1
|
5
|
0
|
social organization
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
uncertain
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
total
|
5
|
140
|
28
|
- The distribution of enterprise scale and economic type : The cases of occupational benzene poisoning and benzene-induced leukemia diagnosed in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2018 were mainly concentrated in small-scale enterprises. There were 40 cases of chronic benzene poisoning and 5 cases of benzene-induced leukemia. In large-scale enterprises, there were 28 cases of chronic benzene poisoning, 1 case of acute benzene poisoning and 2 cases of benzene-induced leukemia. There were only 2 cases of chronic benzene poisoning and 1 case of benzene-induced leukemia in tiny enterprises. The information of ten cases of chronic benzene poisoning and one case of acute benzene poisoning is unknown. (Table 3, Figure 2)
Divided by economic type, cases are mainly concentrated in private enterprises, state-owned enterprises and foreign enterprises, among which private enterprises account for a relatively high proportion. Benzene poisoning patients in private enterprises account for 44.2% of the total cases of chronic benzene poisoning, benzene-induced leukemia accounts for up to 57.1% of the total cases, and all acute benzene poisoning cases were found in private enterprises except for one unknown case. The number of chronic benzene poisoning cases in state-owned enterprises, foreign enterprises and collective enterprises is 38, 34 and 5 respectively. Among the other cases of benzene-induced leukemia, 5 occurred in foreign businesses, 4 in state-owned enterprises, 2 in collective enterprises, and 1 unknown. (Table 4, Figure 3)
Table 3 The cases of benzene poisoning distributed in firm size of industry
|
firm size of industry
|
acute occupational benzene poisoning
|
chronic occupational benzene poisoning
|
benzene-induced leukemia
|
large
|
1
|
28
|
2
|
middle
|
0
|
40
|
5
|
small
|
3
|
60
|
20
|
tiny
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
uncertain
|
1
|
10
|
0
|
total
|
5
|
140
|
28
|
Table 4 The cases of benzene poisoning distributed in economic type of industry
|
economic type
|
acute occupational benzene poisoning
|
chronic occupational benzene poisoning
|
benzene-induced leukemia
|
state-owned
|
0
|
38
|
3
|
collective
|
0
|
5
|
2
|
private
|
5
|
62
|
16
|
foreign merchant
|
0
|
34
|
6
|
uncertain
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
total
|
5
|
140
|
28
|
3. Distribution of gender, age and length of exposure: Among the occupational benzene poisoning cases in Jiangsu province from 2006 to 2018, the cases of acute benzene poisoning was mainly male with 4 cases, accounting for 80% of the total cases, while the cases of chronic benzene poisoning was mainly female with 91 cases, accounting for 65% of the total cases. The number of male and female patients with benzene-induced leukemia was similar, 16 and 12 respectively.(Table 5)
The age of occupational benzene poisoning patients was mainly distributed in the age group of 30-49 years old, and the number of patients accounted for 80%. This age group has a higher incidence of benzene-induced leukemia, with 19 patients, accounting for 67.9% of the total. (Table 6)
Among the cases of benzene-induced leukemia in Jiangsu province from 2006 to 2018 , workers with 1-19 year has the highest percentage of length of service of benzene poisoning patients, accounting for 82.9% of the total, cases of acute benzene poisoning were all found in the workers with a contact length of less than nine years. The cases of chronic benzene poisoning mainly concentrated in workers with a contact length of 1-19 years, with 111 patients, accounting for 79.3% of the total cases. In addition to 2 patients of benzene-induced leukemia with the working age of 30-34 years, the remaining cases were all distributed in workers with a working age of 1-24 years, especially in workers with a working age of 1-14 years, with 21 cases, accounting for 75% of the total cases.(Table 7, Figure 4)
Table 5 The cases of benzene poisoning distributed in gender
|
gender
|
acute occupational benzene poisoning
|
chronic occupational benzene poisoning
|
benzene-induced leukemia
|
male
|
4
|
49
|
16
|
female
|
1
|
91
|
12
|
total
|
5
|
140
|
28
|
Table 6 The cases of benzene poisoning distributed in age
|
age
|
acute occupational benzene poisoning
|
chronic occupational benzene poisoning
|
benzene-induced leukemia
|
≤19
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
20~29
|
0
|
10
|
1
|
30~39
|
2
|
39
|
9
|
40~49
|
2
|
73
|
10
|
50~59
|
1
|
17
|
4
|
≥60
|
0
|
1
|
4
|
total
|
5
|
140
|
28
|
Table 7 The cases of benzene poisoning distributed in working years
|
working years
|
acute occupational benzene poisoning
|
chronic occupational benzene poisoning
|
benzene-induced leukemia
|
<1
|
1
|
6
|
0
|
1~3
|
2
|
25
|
7
|
4~6
|
1
|
27
|
5
|
7~9
|
1
|
20
|
4
|
10~14
|
0
|
19
|
5
|
15~19
|
0
|
20
|
3
|
20~24
|
0
|
14
|
2
|
25~29
|
0
|
7
|
0
|
30~34
|
0
|
1
|
2
|
≥35
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
total
|
5
|
140
|
28
|
4. Distribution of contact concentration: According to the data of occupational benzene poisoning from 2006 to 2018, the exposure concentration of acute benzene poisoning patients is unknown. Among 140 patients with chronic benzene poisoning, the contact concentration of 48 patients is unknown, and the benzene exposure concentration of 56 patients is less than 0.6 mg/m³ , accounting for 40% of the total. The number of cases in 1 to 3 mg/m³ was relatively higher , with 19 people, accounting for 13.6% of the total. There were 6, 4 and 7 people with contact concentration of 0.6-1mg/m³, 3-6mg/m³ and more than 6mg/m³ respectively. The reported data of benzene-induced leukemia from 2006 to 2018 showed that in addition to 7 patients with unknown exposure concentration, the most patients with exposure concentration below 0.6mg/m³ were 6 patients, 5 patients with exposure concentration above 0.6mg/m³ and 6mg/m³, and 3 and 1 patients with exposure concentration between 1 and 3mg/m³ and 3 and 6 mg/m³ respectively.
Table 8 The cases of benzene poisoning distributed in working years
|
Contact concentration(mg/m³)
|
acute occupational benzene poisoning
|
chronic occupational benzene poisoning
|
benzene-induced leukemia
|
<0.6
|
0
|
56
|
7
|
0.6≤N<1
|
0
|
6
|
5
|
1≤N<3
|
0
|
19
|
3
|
3≤N<6
|
0
|
4
|
1
|
≥6
|
0
|
7
|
5
|
不详
|
5
|
48
|
7
|
total
|
5
|
140
|
28
|