Abdullah, A. G. K., Alzaidiyeen, N. J., & Aldarabah, I. T. (2009). Workplace spirituality and leadership effectiveness among educational managers in Malaysia. European Journal of Social Sciences, 10(2), 304-316.
Ackerman, B., Lesko, C. R., Siddique, J., Susukida, R., & Stuart, E. A. (2021). Generalizing randomized trial findings to a target population using complex survey population data. Statistics in Medicine, 40(5), 1101-1120. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.8822
Afsar, B., Badir, Y., & Kiani, U. S. (2016). Linking spiritual leadership and employee pro-environmental behavior: The influence of workplace spirituality, intrinsic motivation, and environmental passion. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.11.011
Armon, G., Shirom, A., & Melamed, S. (2012). The big five personality factors as predictors of changes across time in burnout and its facets. Journal of personality, 80(2), 403-427. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00731.x
Armstrong‐Stassen, M., & Schlosser, F. (2011). Perceived organizational membership and the retention of older workers. Journal of organizational behavior, 32(2), 319-344. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.647
Ashmos, D. P., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at work: A conceptualization and measure. Journal of management inquiry, 9(2), 134-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/105649260092008
Ballenger-Browning, K. K., Schmitz, K. J., Rothacker, J. A., Hammer, P. S., Webb-Murphy, J. A., & Johnson, D. C. (2011). Predictors of burnout among military mental health providers. Military medicine, 176(3), 253-260. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-10-00269
Benefiel, M. (2005). The second half of the journey: Spiritual leadership for organizational transformation. The leadership quarterly, 16(5), 723-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.005
Benefiel, M., Fry, L. W., & Geigle, D. (2014). Spirituality and religion in the workplace: History, theory, and research. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 6(3), 175-187. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036597
Blackaby, H. T., & Blackaby, R. (2011). Spiritual leadership: Moving people on to God's agenda. Nashville, Tennessee: B&H Publishing Group.
Blinded-for-review. (2020). Positive Leadership Psychology.
Blinded-for-review. (2021a). Individual Psychological Distance: Leadership Task.
Blinded-for-review. (2021b). Servant leadership A Strategic Choice.
Blinded-for-review. (2021c). Spiritual leadership.
Bobbio, A., Dierendonck, D. V., & Manganelli, A. M. (2012). Servant leadership in Italy and its relation to organizational variables. Leadership, 8(3), 229-243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715012441176
Boles, J. S., Johnston, M. W., & Hair Jr, J. F. (1997). Role stress, work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion: Inter-relationships and effects on some work-related consequences. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 17(1), 17-28.
Cash, K. C., & Gray, G. R. (2000). A framework for accommodating religion and spirituality in the workplace. Academy of Management Perspectives, 14(3), 124-133. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2000.4468072
Chen, C.-Y., Chen, C.-H. V., & Li, C.-I. (2013). The influence of leader’s spiritual values of servant leadership on employee motivational autonomy and eudaemonic well-being. Journal of religion health, 52(2), 418-438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-011-9479-3
Chen, C.-Y., & Yang, C.-F. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: A multi-sample analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(1), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0953-3
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern Methods for Business Research: Quantitative Methodology Series (Vol. 2, pp. 295-336). Mahwah, NJ USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Christmann, A., & Van Aelst, S. (2006). Robust estimation of Cronbach's alpha. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 97(7), 1660-1674.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. In (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Collins, R. D. (2010). Designing ethical organizations for spiritual growth and superior performance: An organization systems approach. Journal of Management, Spirituality Religions, 7(2), 95-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766081003746414
Cordes, C. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (1993). A review and an integration of research on job burnout. Academy of management review, 18(4), 621-656. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1993.9402210153
Cropanzano, R., Rupp, D. E., & Byrne, Z. S. (2003). The relationship of emotional exhaustion to work attitudes, job performance, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of applied psychology, 88(1), 160. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.1.160
Edlund, B. J. (2014). Revisiting spirituality in aging. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 40(7), 4–5. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20140618-01
Freeman, G. (2011). Spirituality and servant leadership: A conceptual model and research proposal. Emerging leadership journeys, 4(1), 120-140.
Freudenberger, H. J. (1974). Staff burn‐out. Journal of social issues, 30(1), 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The leadership quarterly, 14(6), 693-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001
Fry, L. W., & Cohen, M. P. (2009). Spiritual leadership as a paradigm for organizational transformation and recovery from extended work hours cultures. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(2), 265-278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9695-2
Fry, L. W., Latham, J. R., Clinebell, S. K., & Krahnke, K. (2017). Spiritual leadership as a model for performance excellence: a study of Baldrige award recipients. Journal of Management, Spirituality Religion, 14(1), 22-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2016.1202130
Fry, L. W., & Nisiewicz, M. S. (2013). Maximizing the triple bottom line through spiritual leadership. Redwood City, California, USA: Stanford University Press.
Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The leadership quarterly, 16(5), 835-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.012
Geisser, S. (1975). The predictive sample reuse method with applications. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 70(350), 320-328.
Giacalone, R., Jurkiewicz, C., & Fry, L. (2005). From advocacy to science: The Next Steps in Workplace Spirituality Research. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of The Psychology of Religion and Spirituality (pp. 515-528). New York, NY, USA: The Guilford Press.
Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2010). The science of workplace spirituality (3, revised ed. Vol. 2). New York, USA: Routledge.
Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A. H. (2001). Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of management information systems, 18(1), 185-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2001.11045669
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & William, C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis. In J. F. Hair (Ed.), (5th ed.). New Jersey, USA: Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. In New Jersey, USA (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, : Pearson Prentice-Hall.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). (2nd ed.). New York, USA: Sage Publications.
Halbesleben, J. R., & Bowler, W. (2007). Emotional exhaustion and job performance: the mediating role of motivation. Journal of applied psychology, 92(1), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.93
Hamid, M. R. B. A., Sami, W., & Sidek, M. M. (2017). Discriminant validity assessment: Use of Fornell & Larcker criterion versus HTMT criterion. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 890(1), 1-5 (012163). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012163
Hill, P. C., & Edwards, E. (2013). Measurement in the psychology of religiousness and spirituality: Existing measures and new frontiers. In K. I. Pargament, J. J. Exline, & J. W. Jones (Eds.), APA handbook of psychology, religion, and spirituality (Vol. 1): American Psychological Association.
Hitt, M. A., & Duane, R. (2002). The essence of strategic leadership: Managing human and social capital. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 9(1), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190200900101
Hood, R. W. (2005). Mystical, spiritual, and religious experiences. Handbook of the psychology of religion spirituality, 348-364.
House, R. J. (1998). Measures and assessments for the charismatic leadership approach: Scales, latent constructs, loadings, Cronbach alphas, and interclass correlations. Monographs in Organizational Behavior Industrial Relations, 24, 23-30.
Hunsaker, W. (2019). Spiritual leadership and job burnout: Mediating effects of employee well-being and life satisfaction. Management Science Letters, 9(8), 1257-1268. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.4.016
Hussain, S., Hussain, Z., & Hussain, S. (2020). Workplace Spirituality And Turnover Intentions Among The Doctors Working In Private Hospitals In Karachi, Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Study. British Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 2(8), 402-407.
Jawaid, H. (2020). Assessing Perception of Patients and Physicians Regarding Spirituality in Karachi, Pakistan: A Pilot Study. The Permanente Journal, 24. https://doi.org.10.7812/TPP/19.214
Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Ilies, R., & Gerhardt, M. W. (2002). Personality and leadership: a qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of applied psychology, 87(4), 765. https://doi.org.10.1037//0021-9010.87.4.765
Karadag, E. (2009). Spiritual Leadership and Organizational Culture: A Study of Structural Equation Modeling. Educational Sciences: Theory Practice, 9(3), 1391-1405. https://EJ858928
Kazimierczuk, K., Zawadzka, A., & Koźmiński, W. (2009). Narrow peaks and high dimensionalities: exploiting the advantages of random sampling. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 197(2), 219-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2009.01.003
Khamisa, N., Peltzer, K., & Oldenburg, B. (2013). Burnout in relation to specific contributing factors and health outcomes among nurses: a systematic review. International journal of environmental research in public health, 10(6), 2214-2240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10062214
Kline, R. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th editions). New York: Guilford Publications, Inc.
Kock, N. (2010). Using WarpPLS in e-collaboration studies: An overview of five main analysis steps. International Journal of e-Collaboration, 6(4), 1-11. https://doi.org.10.4018/jec.2010100101
Kock, N. (2016). Advantages of nonlinear over segmentation analyses in path models. International Journal of e-Collaboration, 12(4), 1-6. https://doi.org.10.4018/IJeC.2016100101
Kock, N. (2017). Structural equation modeling with factors and composites: A comparison of four methods. International Journal of e-Collaboration, 13(1), 1-9. https://doi.org.10.4018/IJeC.2017010101
Kock, N. (2019). Factor-based structural equation modeling with WarpPLS. Australasian Marketing Journal, 27(1), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2019.02.002
Koeing, H. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications. International Scholarly Research Network, 2012(33), 278730. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730
Kopalle, P. K., & Lehmann, D. R. (1997). Alpha inflation? The impact of eliminating scale items on Cronbach's alpha. Organizational behavior human decision processes, 70(3), 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1997.2702
Lewis, J. S., & Geroy, G. D. (2000). Employee spirituality in the workplace: A cross-cultural view for the management of spiritual employees. Journal of Management Education, 24(5), 682-694. https://doi.org/10.1177/105256290002400510
Maslach, C. (1982). Burnout: The cost of caring. . In PrenticeHal (Ed.). New York: .
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of organizational behavior, 2(2), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
Matud, M. P. (2004). Gender differences in stress and coping styles. Personality individual differences, 37(7), 1401-1415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.01.010
Meng, Y. (2016). Spiritual leadership at the workplace: Perspectives and theories. Biomedical reports, 5(4), 408-412. https://doi.org.10.3892/br.2016.748
Meraviglia, M., Sutter, R., Gaskamp, C. D., Adams, S., & Titler, M. G. (2008). Providing spiritual care to terminally ill older adults. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 34(7), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20080701-08
Michael, G., Anastasios, S., Helen, K., Catherine, K., & Christine, K. (2009). Gender differences in experiencing occupational stress: the role of age, education and marital status. Stress Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 25(5), 397-404. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1248
Mubashar, U.-e.-F., Salman, Y., Irfan, S., & Jabeen, N. (2017). Spiritual leadership in organizational context: A research gap in South Asia. South Asian Studies, 32(1), 205–218.
Nahardani, S. Z., Ahmadi, F., Bigdeli, S., & Arabshahi, K. S. (2019). Spirituality in medical education: A concept analysis. Medicine, Health Care Philosophy, 22(2), 179-189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03547.x.
Noor, S., & Arif, S. (2011). Achieving job satisfaction via workplace spirituality: Pakistani doctors in focus. European Journal of Social Sciences, 19(4), 507-515.
Northouse, P. G. (2010). Leadership: Theory and practice (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
Oh, J., & Wang, J. (2020). Spiritual leadership: current status and Agenda for future research and practice. Journal of Management, Spirituality Religion, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2020.1728568
Park, C., Kim, D.-g., Cho, S., & Han, H.-J. (2019). Adoption of multimedia technology for learning and gender difference. Computers in Human Behavior., 92, 288-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.029
Peltonen, T. (2017). Spirituality and religion in organizing: Beyond secular leadership: Springer.
Peterson, R. A. (2000). A meta-analysis of variance accounted for and factor loadings in exploratory factor analysis. Marketing letters, 11(3), 261-275. https://doi.org.10.1023/A:1008191211004
Pirkola, H., Rantakokko, P., & Suhonen, M. (2016). Workplace spirituality in health care: An integrated review of the literature. Journal of nursing management, 24(7), 859-868. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12398
Raines-Eudy, R. (2000). Using structural equation modeling to test for differential reliability and validity: An empirical demonstration. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 7(1), 124-141. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0701_07
Raymond, L. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1996). A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of applied psychology, 81(2), 123-133. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.123
Reay, D. (2004). Gendering Bourdieu's concepts of capitals? Emotional capital, women and social class. The sociological review, 52(2_suppl), 57-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2005.00524.x
Richardson, J. T., & Woodley, A. (2003). Another look at the role of age, gender and subject as predictors of academic attainment in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 28(4), 475-493. https://doi.org/10.1080/0307507032000122305
Rouhoma, H. M., Dhar, B. K., Ali, K., & Osman, M. M. (2018). Constructing model to explore the influence of Religiosity and Spirituality on Organizational Performance through Organizational Commitment. AL-'ABQARI: Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Humanities, 16, 11-30.
Rupert, P. A., & Morgan, D. J. (2005). Work setting and burnout among professional psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research andPractice, 36(5), 544-550. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.36.5.544
Sani, A., Soetjipto, B. E., & Maharani, V. (2016). The effect of spiritual leadership on workplace spirituality, job satisfaction and ihsan behaviour (a study on nurses of aisyiah Islamic hospital in Malang, Indonesia). International Journal of Applied Business Economic Research, 14(11), 7675-7688.
Schonfeld, T. L., Schmid, K. K., & Boucher-Payne, D. (2016). Incorporating spirituality into health sciences education. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(1), 85-96. https://doi.org.10.1007/s10943-014-9972-6
Seltzer, J., & Numerof, R. E. (1988). Supervisory leadership and subordinate burnout. Academy of Management journal, 31(2), 439-446. https://doi.org/10.5465/256559
Seong, J. Y., & Hong, D. S. (2018). Age diversity, group organisational citizenship behaviour, and group performance: Exploring the moderating role of charismatic leadership and participation in decision‐making. Human resource management journal, 28(4), 621-640. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12197
Sholikhah, Z., Wang, X., & Li, W. (2019). The role of spiritual leadership in fostering discretionary behaviors: The mediating effect of organization based self-esteem and workplace spirituality. International Journal of Law Management, 61(1), 232-249. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-04-2018-0081
Sohail, M. M., Mahmood, Q. K., Sher, F., Saud, M., Mas’udah, S., & Ida, R. (2019). Coping Through Religiosity, Spirituality and Social Support Among Muslim Chronic Hepatitis Patients. Journal of religion health, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00909-4
Soriano, C. A. F., Sarmiento, W. D., Songco, F. J. G., Macindo, J. R. B., & Conde, A. R. (2016). Socio-demographics, spirituality, and quality of life among community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults: A structural equation model. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 66, 176-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2016.05.011
Stone, M. (1974). Cross‐validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 36(2), 111-133. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1974.tb00994.x
Stylianou, A., & Zembylas, M. (2019). Head teachers’ spirituality and inclusive education: a perspective from critical realism. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 23(4), 419-435. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1441336
Sun, F., & Hodge, D. (2012). Positive aspects of caregiving among Alzheimer’s family caregivers: The roles of ethnicity and spirituality. Paper presented at the Presented at the16th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society for Social Work and Research.
Thomas, C. H., & Lankau, M. J. (2009). Preventing burnout: The effects of LMX and mentoring on socialization, role stress, and burnout. Human Resource Management, 48(3), 417-432. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20288
Timmins, F., & Martin, C. (2019). Spirituality and locus of control—A rapid literature review. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 6(2), 83-99. https://doi.org/10.1037/scp0000192
Tischler, L., Biberman, J., & McKeage, R. (2002). Linking emotional intelligence, spirituality and workplace performance. Journal of managerial Psychology, 17(3), 203-218. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940210423114
Tourigny, L., Baba, V. V., Han, J., & Wang, X. (2013). Emotional exhaustion and job performance: the mediating role of organizational commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(3), 514-532. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.694109
Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291170
Twist, J., & de Graaf, N. M. (2019). Gender diversity and non-binary presentations in young people attending the United Kingdom’s National Gender Identity Development Service. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24(2), 277-290. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104518804311
Weathers, E. (2018). Spirituality and health: A Middle Eastern perspective. Religions, 9(2), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel9020033
Woods, G. (2007). The ‘Bigger Feeling’ The Importance of Spiritual Experience in Educational Leadership. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 35(1), 135-155. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143207071390
Wootton, S., & Horne, T. (2010). Strategic thinking: A step-by-step approach to strategy and leadership. London, UK: Kogan Page Publishers.
Worden, S. (2005). Religion in strategic leadership: A positivistic, normative/theological, and strategic analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 57(3), 221-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-6943-y
Wülferth, H. (2013). Validity and Reliability of Empirical Discretion Model. In Managerial Discretion and Performance in China (pp. 257-368). Physica, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Yang, M., & Fry, L. W. (2018). The role of spiritual leadership in reducing healthcare worker burnout. Journal of Management, Spirituality Religion, 15(4), 305-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2018.1482562