Tablo 1The demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study groups
|
Healty Controls (n=75)
|
CAE patients (n=88)
|
p value
|
Age(years)
|
60.65±11.2
|
61.99±10.1
|
0.43
|
Gender (female/male)
|
36/39
|
29/59
|
0.06
|
Hypertension (n,%)
|
33 (%44)
|
50 (%56.8)
|
0.12
|
Diabetes Mellitus ( n/%)
|
25 (%33.3)
|
29 (%33)
|
0.95
|
Hyperlipidemia (n,%)
|
27 (%36)
|
51 (%58)
|
0.01
|
EF (%)
|
58.55±0.88
|
57.02±1.07
|
0.29
|
Glycose (mg/dl)
|
118.29±60.9
|
114.8±38.8
|
0.65
|
HbA1c (%)
|
6.17±0.9
|
6.33±1.1
|
0.37
|
BUN (mg/dl)
|
17.03±6.4
|
16.17±4.9
|
0.34
|
Creatinine (mg/dl)
|
0.86±0.25
|
0.92±0.27
|
0.14
|
TC (mg/dl)
|
181.23±42.2
|
184.06±41.5
|
0.67
|
HDL-C (mg/dl)
|
47.28±12.4
|
44.22±11.9
|
0.11
|
LDL-C (mg/dl)
|
125.23±36.2
|
126.86±41.2
|
0.79
|
TG (mg/dl)
|
137.09±72.4
|
173.35±103.06
|
0.01
|
ALT (SGPT) (U/L)
|
23.33±2.76
|
26.11±2.47
|
0.45
|
AST ( SGOT) (U/L)
|
22.08±13.6
|
22.86±13.9
|
0.72
|
TSH (μu/ml)
|
2.51±0.32
|
2.26±0.21
|
0.50
|
INR
|
1.02±0.03
|
1.25±0.09
|
0.02
|
WBC (mm3)
|
7931.82±372.93
|
8444.64±350.23
|
0.32
|
Hgb (gr/dl)
|
12.93±0.25
|
13.67±0.23
|
0.04
|
Hct (%)
|
38.78±0.76
|
40.94±0.69
|
0.04
|
Plt (mm3)
|
249954.55±10487.38
|
39267.86±9152.15
|
0.44
|
Neutrophils (mm3)
|
4843.18±279.39
|
4944.64±242.17
|
0.78
|
Lymphocytes (mm3)
|
2293.18±133.35
|
2625.00±227.31
|
0.24
|
HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c; TC, Total cholesterol; HDL-C, High density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TG, Triglyceride; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; SGPT, Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase; AST, Aspartate aminotransfe HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c; TC, Total cholesterol; HDL-C, High density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TG, Triglyceride; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; SGPT, Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase; AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; SGOT, Serum glutamic oxaloasetic transaminase; BUN, Blood urea nitrogen; TSH, Thyroid stimulatitng hormone; INR, International normalized ratio of prothrombin time; WBC, white blood cells; Hgb, Hemoglobin; Hct, Hemotocrit; Plt, Platelets; EF,injection fraction; n, number. The difference between the groups was analyzed by student’s t test for mean values (mean±SD), and chi-square (x2) test for values with percentage (%). Bold values of p< 0.05 indicate statistical significance.
Tablo 2 Inflammatory parameters of the study groups
|
Healty Controls (n=75)
|
CAE patients (n=88)
|
p value
|
IL-33 (pg/ml)
|
20.37±10.4
|
46.3±13.4
|
0.18
|
IL-8 (pg/ml)
|
0.06±0.06
|
3.6±2.1
|
0.11
|
PAI-1 SERPIN (pg/ml)
|
5076±771
|
7006±762
|
0.09
|
GM-CSF (pg/ml)
|
6.6±5.4
|
10.9±5.35
|
0.59
|
TNF-α (pg/ml)
|
157.25±13.08
|
200.81±14.64
|
0.03
|
PECAM (pg/ml)
|
6652±1872.06
|
11468.26±1740.73
|
0.07
|
IL-6 (pg/ml)
|
10.07±2.01
|
10.52±2.67
|
0.91
|
sE selectin (pg/ml)
|
31164±4117.7
|
57159±10496.9
|
0.02
|
sP selectin (pg/ml)
|
17033±1787.5
|
22868±3471.63
|
0.14
|
IL-1β (pg/ml)
|
8.6±2.18
|
11.96±1.64
|
0.22
|
The difference between the groups was analyzed by student’s t test for mean values (mean±SD), and chi-square (x2) test for values with percentage (%). Bold values of p< 0.05 indicate statistical significance.
Tablo 3 The genotype and allele distributions of the study groups
LOX rs1800449
|
Healty Controls (n=75)
|
CAE patients
(n=88)
|
P value
|
Genotypes (n,%)
|
|
|
|
CC
|
46 (61.3%)
|
59 (67%)
|
>0,05
|
CT
|
27 (36.0%)
|
26 (29.5%)
|
>0,05
|
TT
|
2 (2.7%)
|
3 (3.4%)
|
>0,05
|
Alleles
|
|
|
|
C
|
119 (79.3%)
|
144 (81.8%)
|
>0,05
|
T
|
31 (20.7%)
|
32 (18.2%)
|
>0,05
|
n, number. The difference between the groups was analyzed by chi-square (x2) test. Bold values of p< 0.05 indicate statistical significance.
Tablo 4 The comparison of clinical and biochemical parameters according to LOX genotypes in the patient group.
CAE patients
|
CC Genotype
(n=59)
|
CT Genotype
(n=26)
|
TT Genotype
(n=3)
|
P value
|
TG (mg/dl)
|
170.63±12.45
|
164.27±16.08
|
305.67±168.246
|
CC/TT: 0,03
CT/TT: 0,02
|
ALT (U/l)
|
22.08±1.62
|
35.50±7.21
|
24.0±9.53
|
CC/CT:0,01
|
AST (U/l)
|
20.58±1.09
|
28.46±4.19
|
19.33±6.83
|
CC/CT:0,02
|
TNF-α (pg/ml)
|
183.21±18.42
|
244.46±25.80
|
164.32±33.33
|
CC/CT: 0,05
|
Sp selectin (pg/ml)
|
17884.45±2535.14
|
35694.27±9367.62
|
10249.36±6144.20
|
CC/CT: 0,02
|
n, number. The difference between the groups was analyzed by student’s t test for two group comparison (CC genotype vs T allele) and one way Anova test for three group comparison (among CC,CT and TT genotypes).
Tablo 5 Multivariate logistic regression analysis for the risk of coronary artery ectasia risk
Dependent variable
|
Independent variable
|
Exp(B) (OR)
|
p value
|
95 % CI
|
CAE
|
TNF-α
TG
Hyperlipidemia
|
0.001
0.001
0.223
|
0.05
0.31
0.03
|
0.000 – 0.003
-0.001 – 0.002
0.011– 0.434
|