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Assessment of serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), adiponectin, and other adipokines as potential markers of proteinuria and renal dysfunction in lupus nephritis. A cross-sectional study.
Laura Gonzalez-Lopez
Universidad de Guadalajara
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6517-6344
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at Biomarker Research.
Background To date, the association of serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and serum adipokines with lupus nephritis is controversial.
Objective To assess the utility of serum MIF, leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels as markers of proteinuria and renal dysfunction in lupus nephritis.
Methods Cross-sectional study including 196 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 52 healthy controls (HCs). Disease activity was assessed by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Renal SLE involvement was investigated by renal-SLEDAI. MIF, adiponectin, leptin and resistin levels were quantified by ELISA. We assessed the correlations of quantitative variables by Spearman correlation (rs). Multivariable linear regression adjusted the variables associated with the severity of proteinuria.
Results SLE patients had higher MIF (p=0.02) and adiponectin (p<0.001) than HCs. Patients with renal SLE involvement (n=43) had higher adiponectin (19.0 vs 13.3 µg/mL, p=0.002) and resistin (10.7 vs 8.9 ng/mL, p=0.01) than patients with non-renal SLE (n=153). Proteinuria correlated with high adiponectin (rs=0.19, p<0.009) and resistin (rs=26, p<0.001). MIF (rs=0.27, p=0.04). Resistin correlated with increased creatinine (rs= 0.18, p=0.02). High renal-SLEDAI correlated with adiponectin (rs=0.21, p=0.004). Multiple linear regression showed that elevated adiponectin (p=0.02), younger age (p=0.04) and low MIF (p=0.02) were associated with the severity of proteinuria. Low MIF and high adiponectin levels interacted to explain the association with the severity of proteinuria (R2=0.41).
Conclusions High adiponectin combined with low MIF concentrations interact to explain the severity of proteinuria in renal SLE. These findings highlight the relevance of adiponectin, resistin and MIF as markers of LN.
Keywords
Lupus Nephritis, Lupus Erythematosus Systemic, MIF, Adiponectin, Adipokines, Biomarkers
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 2
Posted 12 Oct, 2020
Published
On 28 Oct, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 15 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 11 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 02 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 Oct, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 04 Sep, 2020
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 04 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 14 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 13 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 09 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 04 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 03 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 03 Aug, 2020
First submitted
On 30 Jul, 2020
Metrics
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PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Biomedical Engineering
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This preprint is under consideration at Biomarker Research. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Assessment of serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), adiponectin, and other adipokines as potential markers of proteinuria and renal dysfunction in lupus nephritis. A cross-sectional study.
Laura Gonzalez-Lopez
Universidad de Guadalajara
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6517-6344
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 2
Posted 12 Oct, 2020
Published
On 28 Oct, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 15 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 11 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 02 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 Oct, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 04 Sep, 2020
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 04 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 14 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 13 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 09 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 04 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 03 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 03 Aug, 2020
First submitted
On 30 Jul, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Biomedical Engineering
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at Biomarker Research.
Background To date, the association of serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and serum adipokines with lupus nephritis is controversial.
Objective To assess the utility of serum MIF, leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels as markers of proteinuria and renal dysfunction in lupus nephritis.
Methods Cross-sectional study including 196 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 52 healthy controls (HCs). Disease activity was assessed by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Renal SLE involvement was investigated by renal-SLEDAI. MIF, adiponectin, leptin and resistin levels were quantified by ELISA. We assessed the correlations of quantitative variables by Spearman correlation (rs). Multivariable linear regression adjusted the variables associated with the severity of proteinuria.
Results SLE patients had higher MIF (p=0.02) and adiponectin (p<0.001) than HCs. Patients with renal SLE involvement (n=43) had higher adiponectin (19.0 vs 13.3 µg/mL, p=0.002) and resistin (10.7 vs 8.9 ng/mL, p=0.01) than patients with non-renal SLE (n=153). Proteinuria correlated with high adiponectin (rs=0.19, p<0.009) and resistin (rs=26, p<0.001). MIF (rs=0.27, p=0.04). Resistin correlated with increased creatinine (rs= 0.18, p=0.02). High renal-SLEDAI correlated with adiponectin (rs=0.21, p=0.004). Multiple linear regression showed that elevated adiponectin (p=0.02), younger age (p=0.04) and low MIF (p=0.02) were associated with the severity of proteinuria. Low MIF and high adiponectin levels interacted to explain the association with the severity of proteinuria (R2=0.41).
Conclusions High adiponectin combined with low MIF concentrations interact to explain the severity of proteinuria in renal SLE. These findings highlight the relevance of adiponectin, resistin and MIF as markers of LN.
Figure 1
Figure 2