1.Lohr JB. Oxygen radicals and neuropsychiatric illness. Some speculations. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48(12):1097-106.10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810360061009
2.Lai CY, Scarr E, Udawela M, Everall I, Chen WJ, Dean B. Biomarkers in schizophrenia: A focus on blood based diagnostics and theranostics. World journal of psychiatry. 2016;6(1):102-17.10.5498/wjp.v6.i1.102
3.Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology. 2007;39(1):44-84.10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001
4.Pisoschi AM, Pop A. The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: A review. European journal of medicinal chemistry. 2015;97:55-74.10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.040
5.Parikh V, Khan MM, Mahadik SP. Differential effects of antipsychotics on expression of antioxidant enzymes and membrane lipid peroxidation in rat brain. J Psychiatr Res. 2003;37(1):43-51.10.1016/s0022-3956(02)00048-1
6.Poljsak B, Suput D, Milisav I. Achieving the balance between ROS and antioxidants: when to use the synthetic antioxidants. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2013;2013:956792.10.1155/2013/956792
7.Nordberg J, Arner ES. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system. Free radical biology & medicine. 2001;31(11):1287-312.10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00724-9
8.Yao JK, Keshavan MS. Antioxidants, redox signaling, and pathophysiology in schizophrenia: an integrative view. Antioxidants & redox signaling. 2011;15(7):2011-35.10.1089/ars.2010.3603
9.Moniczewski A, Gawlik M, Smaga I, Niedzielska E, Krzek J, Przegalinski E, et al. Oxidative stress as an etiological factor and a potential treatment target of psychiatric disorders. Part 1. Chemical aspects and biological sources of oxidative stress in the brain. Pharmacological reports : PR. 2015;67(3):560-8.10.1016/j.pharep.2014.12.014
10.Sarandol A, Sarandol E, Acikgoz HE, Eker SS, Akkaya C, Dirican M. First-episode psychosis is associated with oxidative stress: Effects of short-term antipsychotic treatment. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2015;69(11):699-707.10.1111/pcn.12333
11.Pandya CD, Howell KR, Pillai A. Antioxidants as potential therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2013;46:214-23.10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.017
12.Bulbul F, Virit O, Alpak G, Unal A, Bulut M, Kaya MC, et al. Are oxidative stress markers useful to distinguish schizoaffective disorder from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder? Acta neuropsychiatrica. 2014;26(2):120-4.10.1017/neu.2013.44
13.Koga M, Serritella AV, Sawa A, Sedlak TW. Implications for reactive oxygen species in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Schizophr Res. 2016;176(1):52-71.10.1016/j.schres.2015.06.022
14.Yao JK, Leonard S, Reddy RD. Increased nitric oxide radicals in postmortem brain from patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia bulletin. 2004;30(4):923-34.10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007142
15.Radonjic NV, Knezevic ID, Vilimanovich U, Kravic-Stevovic T, Marina LV, Nikolic T, et al. Decreased glutathione levels and altered antioxidant defense in an animal model of schizophrenia: long-term effects of perinatal phencyclidine administration. Neuropharmacology. 2010;58(4-5):739-45.10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.12.009
16.Droge W. The plasma redox state and ageing. Ageing research reviews. 2002;1(2):257-78.10.1016/s1568-1637(01)00008-3
17.Papas AM. Determinants of antioxidant status in humans. Lipids. 1996;31 Suppl:S77-82.10.1007/bf02637055
18.Pryor WA, Stone K. Oxidants in cigarette smoke. Radicals, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrate, and peroxynitrite. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1993;686:12-27; discussion -8.10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb39148.x
19.Ferger B, Spratt C, Earl CD, Teismann P, Oertel WH, Kuschinsky K. Effects of nicotine on hydroxyl free radical formation in vitro and on MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in vivo. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology. 1998;358(3):351-9.10.1007/pl00005264
20.Al-Chalabi BM, Thanoon IA, Ahmed FA. Potential effect of olanzapine on total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in schizophrenic patients. Neuropsychobiology. 2009;59(1):8-11.10.1159/000202823
21.Eftekhari A, Azarmi Y, Parvizpur A, Eghbal MA. Involvement of oxidative stress and mitochondrial/lysosomal cross-talk in olanzapine cytotoxicity in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2016;46(4):369-78.10.3109/00498254.2015.1078522
22.Brinholi FF, Farias CC, Bonifacio KL, Higachi L, Casagrande R, Moreira EG, et al. Clozapine and olanzapine are better antioxidants than haloperidol, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone in in vitro models. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2016;81:411-5.10.1016/j.biopha.2016.02.047
23.Dietrich-Muszalska A, Kopka J, Kwiatkowska A. The effects of ziprasidone, clozapine and haloperidol on lipid peroxidation in human plasma (in vitro): comparison. Neurochemical research. 2013;38(7):1490-5.10.1007/s11064-013-1050-z
24.Singh OP, Chakraborty I, Dasgupta A, Datta S. A comparative study of oxidative stress and interrelationship of important antioxidants in haloperidol and olanzapine treated patients suffering from schizophrenia. Indian journal of psychiatry. 2008;50(3):171-6.10.4103/0019-5545.43627
25.Reddy R, Keshavan M, Yao JK. Reduced plasma antioxidants in first-episode patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2003;62(3):205-12.10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00407-3
26.Widschwendter CG, Rettenbacher MA, Kemmler G, Edlinger M, Baumgartner S, Fleischhacker WW, et al. Bilirubin concentration correlates with positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2016;77(4):512-6.10.4088/JCP.14m09642
27.Andreasen NC, Carpenter WT, Kane JM, Lasser RA, Marder SR, Weinberger DR. Remission in schizophrenia: proposed criteria and rationale for consensus. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;162(3):441-9.10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.441
28.Halliwell B. Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: curiosity, cause, or consequence? Lancet. 1994;344(8924):721-4.10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92211-x
29.Miller NJ, Rice-Evans C, Davies MJ, Gopinathan V, Milner A. A novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant status in premature neonates. Clinical science (London, England : 1979). 1993;84(4):407-12.10.1042/cs0840407
30.Maxwell SR, Dietrich T, Chapple IL. Prediction of serum total antioxidant activity from the concentration of individual serum antioxidants. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 2006;372(1-2):188-94.10.1016/j.cca.2006.04.015
31.Sautin YY, Johnson RJ. Uric acid: the oxidant-antioxidant paradox. Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids. 2008;27(6):608-19.10.1080/15257770802138558
32.Yao JK, Dougherty GG, Jr., Reddy RD, Keshavan MS, Montrose DM, Matson WR, et al. Homeostatic imbalance of purine catabolism in first-episode neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia. PLoS One. 2010;5(3):e9508.10.1371/journal.pone.0009508
33.Chen S, Xia HS, Zhu F, Yin GZ, Qian ZK, Jiang CX, et al. Association between decreased serum albumin levels and depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia in a Chinese Han population: A pilot study. Psychiatry Res. 2018;270:438-42.10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.012
34.Solberg DK, Refsum H, Andreassen OA, Bentsen H. A five-year follow-up study of antioxidants, oxidative stress and polyunsaturated fatty acids in schizophrenia. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2019;31(4):202-12.10.1017/neu.2019.14
35.Stocker R, Glazer AN, Ames BN. Antioxidant activity of albumin-bound bilirubin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1987;84(16):5918-22.10.1073/pnas.84.16.5918
36.Muller N, Schiller P, Ackenheil M. Coincidence of schizophrenia and hyperbilirubinemia. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1991;24(6):225-8.10.1055/s-2007-1014472
37.Dani C, Martelli E, Bertini G, Pezzati M, Filippi L, Rossetti M, et al. Plasma bilirubin level and oxidative stress in preterm infants. Archives of disease in childhood Fetal and neonatal edition. 2003;88(2):F119-23.10.1136/fn.88.2.f119
38.Pae CU, Paik IH, Lee C, Lee SJ, Kim JJ, Lee CU. Decreased plasma antioxidants in schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology. 2004;50(1):54-6.10.1159/000077942
39.Reddy RD, Keshavan MS, Yao JK. Reduced red blood cell membrane essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in first episode schizophrenia at neuroleptic-naive baseline. Schizophrenia bulletin. 2004;30(4):901-11.10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007140
40.Vitek L, Novotna M, Lenicek M, Novotny L, Eberova J, Petrasek J, et al. Serum bilirubin levels and UGT1A1 promoter variations in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2010;178(2):449-50.10.1016/j.psychres.2009.12.008
41.Wiener C, Rassier GT, Kaster MP, Jansen K, Pinheiro RT, Klamt F, et al. Gender-based differences in oxidative stress parameters do not underlie the differences in mood disorders susceptibility between sexes. Eur Psychiatry. 2014;29(1):58-63.10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.05.006
42.Dadheech G, Sharma P, Gautam S. Oxidative Stress-Induced Response of Some Endogenous Antioxidants in Schizophrenia. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2012;27(3):278-83.10.1007/s12291-012-0193-z
43.Godin O, Leboyer M, Gaman A, Aouizerate B, Berna F, Brunel L, et al. Metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity and hyperuricemia in schizophrenia: Results from the FACE-SZ cohort. Schizophr Res. 2015;168(1-2):388-94.10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.047
44.Chiu CC, Chen CH, Huang MC, Chen PY, Tsai CJ, Lu ML. The relationship between serum uric acid concentration and metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012;32(5):585-92.10.1097/JCP.0b013e3182664e64
45.Siciliano G, Piazza S, Carlesi C, Del Corona A, Franzini M, Pompella A, et al. Antioxidant capacity and protein oxidation in cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Journal of neurology. 2007;254(5):575-80.10.1007/s00415-006-0301-1