Abdala GC, Caldas LS, Haridasan M, Eiten G (1998) Above and belowground organic matter and root: shoot ratio in a cerrado in Central Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Ecology 2:11–23
Barnosky AD, Hadly EA, Bascompte J, et al (2012) Approaching a state shift in Earth’s biosphere. Nature 486:52–58
Boddey RM, Victoria RL (1986) Estimation of biological nitrogen fixation associated with Brachiaria and Paspalum grasses using 15 N labelled organic matter and fertilizer. In: Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes. Springer, pp 265–292
Böhm W. (1979) Methods of Studying Root Systems. Ecological Studies (Analysis and Synthesis), Ecological Studies vol 33. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.Boutton TW, Archer SR, Midwood AJ, et al (1998) δ13C values of soil organic carbon and their use in documenting vegetation change in a subtropical savanna ecosystem. Geoderma 82:5–41.
Braz SP, Urquiaga S, Alves BJR, et al (2013) Soil Carbon Stocks under Productive and Degraded Brachiaria Pastures in the Brazilian Cerrado. Soil Science Society of America Journal 77:914–928.
Brito GS, Bautista S, López-Poma R, Pivello VR (2019) Labile soil organic carbon loss in response to land conversion in the Brazilian woodland savanna (cerradão). Biogeochemistry 144:31–46
Bustamante MMC, Martinelli LA, Silva DA, et al (2004) 15n Natural Abundance in Woody Plants and Soils of Central Brazilian Savannas (cerrado). Ecological Applications 14:200–213.
Bustamante MMC, Medina E, Asner GP, et al (2006) Nitrogen Cycling in Tropical and Temperate Savannas. Biogeochemistry 79:209–237.
Bustamante MMC, Brito DQ, Kozovits AR, Luedemann G, Mello TRB, Pinto AS, Munhoz CBR, Takahashi FC (2012) Effects of nutrient additions on plant biomass and diversity of the herbaceous-subshrub layer of a Brazilian savanna (Cerrado). Plant Ecology 213: 795-808.
Castro EA, Kauffman JB (1998) Ecosystem structure in the Brazilian Cerrado: a vegetation gradient of aboveground biomass, root mass and consumption by fire. Journal of Tropical Ecology 14:263–283.
Castro-Díez P, Alonso A, Saldaña-López A, Granda E (2021) Effects of widespread non-native trees on regulating ecosystem services, Science of The Total Environment 778: 146141.
Chown SL, Hodgins KA, Griffin PC, et al (2015) Biological invasions, climate change and genomics. Evolutionary applications 8:23–46
Coutinho LM (1978) O conceito do cerrado. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 1:17–23
Damasceno G, Souza L, Pivello VR, et al (2018) Impact of invasive grasses on Cerrado under natural regeneration. Biol Invasions 20:3621–3629.
Donovan P (2012) Measuring soil carbon change. A flexible, practical, local method. Available in: https://soilcarboncoalition.org/files/MeasuringSoilCarbonChange.pdf
Downey PO, Richardson DM (2016) Alien plant invasions and native plant extinctions: a six-threshold framework. AoB plants 8:plw047.
Drenovsky RE, Batten KM (2007) Invasion by Aegilops triuncialis (barb goatgrass) slows carbon and nutrient cycling in a serpentine grassland. Biological invasions 9:107–116
Edwards EJ, Still CJ (2008) Climate, phylogeny and the ecological distribution of C4 grasses. Ecology Letters 11: 266-276.
Ehrenfeld JG (2003) Effects of Exotic Plant Invasions on Soil Nutrient Cycling Processes. Ecosystems 6:503–523.
Ehrenfeld JG (2004) Implications of Invasive Species for Belowground Community and Nutrient Processes1. Weed Technology 18:1232–1235
Ehrenfeld JG (2010) Ecosystem consequences of biological invasions. Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics 41:59–80
Ehrenfeld JG, Kourtev P, Huang W (2001) Changes in soil functions following invasions of exotic understory plants in deciduous forests. Ecological applications 11:1287–1300
Fernandes FA, Fernandes A (2008) Cálculo dos estoques de carbono do solo sob diferentes condições de manejo. Embrapa Pantanal-Comunicado Técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Fidelis A, Lyra MF di S, Pivello VR (2013) Above‐and below‐ground biomass and carbon dynamics in B razilian C errado wet grasslands. Journal of Vegetation Science 24:356–364
Forzza RC, Baumgratz JFA, Bicudo CEM, et al (2012) New Brazilian floristic list highlights conservation challenges. BioScience 62:39–45
Franco AC (2005) Biodiversidade de forma e função: implicações ecofisiológicas das estratégias de utilização de água e luz em plantas lenhosas do Cerrado. Cerrado ecologia, biodiversidade e conservação’(Eds A Scariot, JC Souza-Silva, JM Felfili) pp 179–196
Furley PA, Ratter JA (1988) Soil resources and plant communities of the central Brazilian cerrado and their development. Journal of Biogeography 97–108
Gómez S, Guenni O, Guenni LB de (2013) Growth, leaf photosynthesis and canopy light use efficiency under differing irradiance and soil N supplies in the forage grass Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. Grass and Forage Science 68:395–407.
Gorgone-Barbosa E, Pivello VR, Meirelles ST (2008) Allelopathic evidence in Brachiaria decumbens and its potential to invade the Brazilian cerrados. Brazilian archives of biology and technology 51:625–631
Grace J, José JS, Meir P, et al (2006) Productivity and carbon fluxes of tropical savannas. Journal of Biogeography 33:387–400.
Greaver TL, Clark CM, Compton JE, et al (2016) Key ecological responses to nitrogen are altered by climate change. Nature Climate Change 6:836–843
Guenni O, Marín D, Baruch Z (2002) Responses to drought of five Brachiaria species. I. Biomass production, leaf growth, root distribution, water use and forage quality. Plant and Soil 243:229–241.
Haridasan M (2008) Nutritional adaptations of native plants of the cerrado biome in acid soils. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 20:183–195.
Haubensak KA, Parker IM (2004) Soil changes accompanying invasion of the exotic shrub Cytisus scoparius in glacial outwash prairies of western Washington [USA]. Plant Ecology 175:71–79.
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Jacob D, Taylor M, et al (2018) Impacts of 1.5 C global warming on natural and human systems. In: Global warming of 1.5° C.: An IPCC Special Report. IPCC Secretariat, pp 175–311
IF (2006) Plano de manejo integrado das unidades de Itirapina. Estação Ecológica e Experimental de Itirapina/SP
IUSS Working Group WRB (2015) World reference base for soil resources 2014, update 2015: International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. Fao Rome
Jackson RB, Canadell J, Ehleringer JR, et al (1996) A global analysis of root distributions for terrestrial biomes. Oecologia 108:389–411
Jobbágy EG, Jackson RB (2000) The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation. Ecological applications 10:423–436
Klink CA, Joly CA (1989) Identification and distribution of C3 and C4 grasses in open and shaded habitats in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Biotropica 21:30–34.
Klink CA, Machado RB (2005) Conservation of the Brazilian cerrado. Conservation Biology 19:707–713
Lee MR, Flory SL, Phillips RP (2012) Positive feedbacks to growth of an invasive grass through alteration of nitrogen cycling. Oecologia 170:457–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2309-9
Leite MB, Xavier RO, Oliveira PTS, et al (2018) Groundwater depth as a constraint on the woody cover in a Neotropical Savanna. Plant and Soil 1–15
Lenth R, Singmann H, Love J, Buerkner, P, Herve M (2018). Emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means. R package version, 1(1), 3.Liao C, Luo Y, Jiang L, et al (2007) Invasion of Spartina alterniflora enhanced ecosystem carbon and nitrogen stocks in the Yangtze Estuary, China. Ecosystems 10:1351–1361
Liao C, Peng R, Luo Y, et al (2008) Altered ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycles by plant invasion: a meta‐analysis. New phytologist 177:706–714
Litton CM, Sandquist DR, Cordell S (2008) A non‐native invasive grass increases soil carbon flux in a Hawaiian tropical dry forest. Global Change Biology 14:726–739
López-Poma R, Pivello VR, de Brito GS, Bautista S (2020) Impact of the conversion of Brazilian woodland savanna (cerradão) to pasture and Eucalyptus plantations on soil nitrogen mineralization. Science of The Total Environment 704:135397
MacDougall AS, Wilson SD (2011) The invasive grass Agropyron cristatum doubles belowground productivity but not soil carbon. Ecology 92:657–664
Maquère V, Laclau J-P, Bernoux M, et al (2008) Influence of land use (savanna, pasture, Eucalyptus plantations) on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in Brazil. European journal of soil science 59: 863–877
Mendonça RC, Falfili JM, Walter BMT, et al (2008) Flora Vascular do bioma Cerrado: checklist com 12.356 espécies. In: Cerrado: ecologia e flora. Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, pp 421–1279
Morais VA, Santos CA, Mello JM, et al (2017) Spatial and vertical distribution of litter and belowground carbon in a Brazilian Cerrado vegetation. Cerne 23:43–52
Neto MS, Scopel E, Corbeels M, et al (2010) Soil carbon stocks under no-tillage mulch-based cropping systems in the Brazilian Cerrado: an on-farm synchronic assessment. Soil and Tillage Research 110:187–195
Okumura RS, Mariano D de C, Dallacort R, et al (2013) Azospirillum: a new and efficient alternative to biological nitrogen fixation in grasses. J Food Agric Environ 2:1142–1146
Oliveira RS, Bezerra L, Davidson EA, et al (2005) Deep root function in soil water dynamics in cerrado savannas of central Brazil. Functional Ecology 19:574–581.
Oliveras I, Meirelles ST, Hirakuri VL, et al (2013) Effects of fire regimes on herbaceous biomass and nutrient dynamics in the Brazilian savanna. International Journal of Wildland Fire 22:368–380
Overbeck GE, Vélez-Martin E, Scarano FR, et al (2015) Conservation in Brazil needs to include non-forest ecosystems. Diversity and Distributions 21:1455–1460.
Paiva AO, Faria G de (2007) Estoque de carbono do solo sob cerrado sensu stricto no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Revista Trópica–Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas 1:59
Parker SS, Schimel JP (2010) Invasive grasses increase nitrogen availability in California grassland soils. Invasive Plant Science and Management 3:40–47
Paruelo JM, Piñeiro G, Baldi G, Baeza S, Lezama F, Altesor A, Oesterheld M (2010) Carbon ctocks and fluxes in rangelands of the Río de la Plata Basin. Rangeland Ecology & Management 63:94-108.
Pinheiro J, Bates D, DebRoy S, et al (2018) nlme: linear and nonlinear mixed effects models. R package version 3.1-137. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation
Pivello VG, Shida CN, Meirelles ST (1999a) Alien grasses in Brazilian savannas: a threat to the biodiversity. Biodiversity and Conservation 8:1281–1294.
Pivello VR, Carvalho VMC, Lopes PF, et al (1999b) Abundance and distribution of native and alien grasses in a “Cerrado” (Brazilian savanna) Biological Reserve. Biotropica 31:71–82. R Core Team RC (2021) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing; URL https://www.R-project.org/.
Ratter JA, Ribeiro JF, Bridgewater S (1997) The Brazilian Cerrado Vegetation and Threats to its Biodiversity. Annals of Botany 80:223–230. Rawitscher F (1948) The Water Economy of the Vegetation of the `Campos Cerrados’ in Southern Brazil. Journal of Ecology 36:237–268.
Reis VM, dos Reis Jr FB, Quesada DM, et al (2001) Biological nitrogen fixation associated with tropical pasture grasses. Functional Plant Biology 28:837–844
Ribeiro JF, Walter Β (1998) Fitofisionomias do bioma cerrado. In: Cerrado: ambiente e flora. Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina. Embrapa Cerrado, Planaltina, pp 89–152
Rodin P (2004) Distribuição da biomassa subterrânea e dinâmica de raízes finas em ecossistemas nativos e em uma pastagem plantada no Cerrado do Brasil Central. MSc Thesis. Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Brazil
Rossiter-Rachor NA, Setterfield SA, Douglas MM, et al (2009) Invasive Andropogon gayanus (gamba grass) is an ecosystem transformer of nitrogen relations in Australian savanna. Ecological Applications 19:1546–1560.
Santos HG, Jacomine PKT, Dos Anjos LHC, et al (2018) Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos. Brasília, DF: Embrapa, 2018.
Schlesinger WH (1977) Carbon balance in terrestrial detritus. Annual review of ecology and systematics 8:51–81
Schmidt S, Stewart GR (2003) δ15N values of tropical savanna and monsoon forest species reflect root specialisations and soil nitrogen status. Oecologia 134:569–577.
Scurlock JMO, Hall DO (1998) The global carbon sink: a grassland perspective. Global Change Biology 4:229–233
Silva JF, Fariñas MR, Felfili JM, Klink CA (2006) Spatial heterogeneity, land use and conservation in the cerrado region of Brazil. Journal of Biogeography 33:536–548. Silva MCP, Figueiredo AF, Andreote FD, Cardoso EJBN (2013) Plant growth promoting bacteria in Brachiaria brizantha. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 29:163–171
Simberloff D, Martin JL, Genovesi P, et al (2013) Impacts of biological invasions: what’s what and the way forward. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 28:58–66
Standish RJ (2004) Impact of an invasive clonal herb on epigaeic invertebrates in forest remnants in New Zealand. Biological Conservation 116:49–58
Swift MJ (1979) The influence of the physico-chemical environment on decomposition process. In: Decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 220–266
Tannus JLS, Assis MA (2004) Composição de espécies vasculares de campo sujo e campo úmido em área de cerrado, Itirapina - SP, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 27:489–506
Vilà M, Espinar JL, Hejda M, et al (2011) Ecological impacts of invasive alien plants: a meta-analysis of their effects on species, communities and ecosystems. Ecology Letters 14:702–708.
Vitousek PM, Walker LR (2014) Biological Invasion by Myrica Faya in Hawai’i: Plant Demography, Nitrogen Fixation, Ecosystem Effects. Ecological Monographs 59:247–265.
Wang L, Okin GS, D’Odorico P, et al (2013) Ecosystem-scale spatial heterogeneity of stable isotopes of soil nitrogen in African savannas. Landscape Ecol 28:685–698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-012-9776-6
Williams D, Baruch Z (2000) African Grass Invasion in the Americas: Ecosystem Consequences and the Role of Ecophysiology. Biological Invasions 2:123–140.
Xavier R de O, Leite MB, Silva‐Matos DM (2017) Stress responses of native and exotic grasses in Neotropical savanna predict impacts of global change on invasion spread. Austral Ecology 42:562–576
Xavier RO, Leite MB, Dexter K, da Silva Matos DM (2019) Differential effects of soil waterlogging on herbaceous and woody plant communities in a Neotropical savanna. Oecologia 190:471–483.
Xavier, R.O., Christianini, A.V., Pegler, G. et al. Distinctive seed dispersal and seed bank patterns of invasive African grasses favour their invasion in a neotropical savanna. Oecologia (2021). Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-04904-z
Yang W, Zhao H, Chen X, et al (2013) Consequences of short-term C4 plant Spartina alterniflora invasions for soil organic carbon dynamics in a coastal wetland of Eastern China. Ecological engineering 61:50–57
Yang F, Zhang, G, Yang J, Li D, Zhao Y, Liu F, Yang F, Yang F. (2014) Organic matter controls of soil water retention in an alpine grassland and its significance for hydrological processes. Journal of Hydrology 519 (D): 3086–3093.
Zhang P, Neher DA, Li B, Wu J (2018) The impacts of above-and belowground plant input on soil microbiota: invasive Spartina alterniflora versus native Phragmites australis. Ecosystems 21:469–481