Innovation (vaccination programme) factors
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Implementation complexity
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Preparation of the single shots
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Design quality & packaging
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Supporting materials from manufacturers (leaflets)
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Provide information/leaflets to patients about possible ADR and instructions what/where to report
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Nature of innovation
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Vaccine prescription
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Staff reorganisation e.g. hiring more staff
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External system
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Remuneration
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Remuneration to set-up/prepare for service implementation
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Healthcare budget & contracts
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Remuneration for the service (by government, patients or other sources / third party payers)
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Interprofessional networks & communication
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Inter professional recognition (system level recognition and acceptance by other professionals)
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Stakeholder buy-in
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Support of the national pharmacy organisation(s)
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Acknowledgement of the pharmacists a health care provider from other healthcare providers who may also participate in vaccination
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External support and / or assistance
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Advertisement/ public announcements/ recommendation on vaccination in pharmacies
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Guidelines / SOPs from national pharmacy organisation
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Strategy in case of an emergency
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Clarification on insurance for staff
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Telephone helpline for patients (nationwide)
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Information on vaccination strategy (voucher/sheet/appointment card)
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Information on vaccination status / vaccination passport (access to online patient record / tool of health care system)
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(Regular) Staff training on correct patient risk assessment for vaccination
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Appointment system (online booking of vaccination time slots for citizens)
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Administrative support to identify patients belonging to a certain priority group
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Information and measures for a hygiene concept (guidelines)
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(Regular) Staff training on correct vaccination procedure / to perform hands-on injection technique
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(Regular) Staff training on correct monitoring procedures after vaccination
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Training in vaccine centres prior to local pharmacy vaccination
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Training in handling side effects
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Training in basic life support / first aid (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
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Material for vaccination (needles)
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Local Setting
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Intraprofessional network & communication
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Collaboration on the task within smaller pharmacies
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Interprofessional network & communication
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Availability to communicate with other healthcare (GPs) in situations where it is necessary
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Referral from other health care professionals (local)
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Support from other health care professionals
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Community’s perception about innovation and organisation
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Clear arrangements in the community (clear direction in the community)
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Patient awareness of the service
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Patient acceptance for vaccination (local population beliefs)
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Patients' trust for service in the pharmacy
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Relationship with patients and community
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The pharmacy is easily accessible by the patient/ Community pharmacy location in terms of accessibility (physical location)
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Demand
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Local demand
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Active recruitment of patients
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Patient needs & resources
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Community pharmacist timings need to be accounted especially and should be accessible beyond school and office hours
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Patients' satisfaction with the service
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Relatively short waiting time (patient perspective of getting in CP)
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Patient needs & resources/Organisational factor: Data management system
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Documentation on vaccination / reminder for patient
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Peer pressure
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External pressure for broad provision of the vaccination
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Organisation (pharmacy) Factors
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Structural characteristics
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Waiting facilities need to be considered especially when administering to older people
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Staff
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Number of pharmacists and technicians (and enough skilled and trained staff)
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Staff, including technicians, nurses, pharmacists, students (medicine, pharmacy)
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Limited pharmacy workforce
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Layout & workflow
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Room/Space for vaccination (external flat/containers/office spaces/hotels)
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Community pharmacy infrastructure should support administering in private consultation room / appropriate space within the pharmacy to perform vaccination
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Availability of the waiting area/observation area/space (inside)
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Provision of social distancing measures (inside)
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Hygiene concept (general for the vaccination site; separation from infected people)
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Preparation area (laboratory)- workflow (inside)
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Waste removal
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Teamwork
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Definition of process, roles and responsibilities in the team
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Readiness for implementation
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Rearrange internal workflow (compatibility of intervention to existing systems)-
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Leadership engagement
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Head of pharmacy/ pharmacy manager acceptance
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Available resources and training
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Availability of internet / telephone / documentation to report the adverse drug reactions
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Long opening hours in pharmacies
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Software to register vaccination to link to national surveillance system
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Correct storage of vaccines at pharmacy (stock)
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Storage space and equipment (fridge), for open vial
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Material for hygiene / safety
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Material for emergencies
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(Lack of) Time
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Access to knowledge and information
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Availability of software / literature for drug-drug interactions
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FAQ sheet/database for pharmacy staff
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Data management system
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Access to central database to view and record patient and intervention data / availability of the medication patients records in order to review the health condition of the patients and history of previous illness (including COVID)
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Follow up of patients for second dose
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Quality assurance system
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Inclusion and exclusion criteria for vaccination (risk factors) (check list and priority lists)
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Collection of additional data (drug information) post marketing
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Environmental stressors
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Workload
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Organisational support and assistance
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Access to knowledge and information
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Clear information at the pharmacy on when, how and why to be vaccinated
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Organisational support and assistance
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Social media
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Experience
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Previous community pharmacy experience with vaccination (i.e. flu)
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Individual (pharmacist and other pharmacy staff) factors
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General knowledge
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Knowledge about patient target group
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Knowledge about the innovation
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Pharmacy staff knowledge (pharmacists and technicians) education about immunization with different types of vaccines (indications, contraindications, adverse drug reactions)
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Beliefs about the innovation
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Concerns about adverse events by pharmacy staff
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Technical skills (experience, capacity & competence)
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Staff identifying eligible patients
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Expertise in recognized inclusion and exclusion criteria for vaccination (risk factors) /check list
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Interpersonal skills (experience, capacity & competence)
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Patient counselling about vaccination
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Community pharmacists’ patient dealing skills (social skills) in order to help minimize vaccine / injection fear / reluctance
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Communications skills of pharmacists
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Values & motivation
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Staff acceptance / willingness
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Pharmacist motivation to contribute to control the Covid − 19 pandemic
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