Table 1 Data Source
Sl. No
|
Parameter
|
Data Source
|
Software used
|
Resolution (Raster)/ Feature type (Vector)
|
1
|
LULC
|
Landsat 7 & 8
|
GEE
|
30
|
2
|
DEM
|
ASTER
|
ArcGIS
|
30
|
3
|
Slope
|
ASTER
|
ArcGIS
|
30
|
4
|
Road
|
OpenStreetMap
|
ArcGIS
|
Line
|
5
|
Built-up
|
LULC
|
ArcGIS
|
30
|
6
|
Stream
|
ASTER
|
ArcGIS
|
Line
|
Table 2 Consumers accuracy and Producers accuracy in RF for each year of LULC
LULC
|
Consumers accuracy (%)
|
Producers accuracy (%)
|
2009
|
2013
|
2015
|
2017
|
2019
|
2009
|
2013
|
2015
|
2017
|
2019
|
Waterbody
|
100
|
80
|
96.3
|
93.1
|
96.1
|
100
|
84.21
|
82.11
|
96.43
|
96.10
|
Built-up
|
100
|
83.02
|
69.41
|
87.69
|
86.3
|
91.57
|
88
|
93.65
|
76
|
82.89
|
Vegetation
|
77.5
|
93.22
|
95.83
|
93.15
|
98.7
|
100
|
98.21
|
98.57
|
100
|
93.83
|
Barren land
|
91.78
|
94.34
|
100
|
83.1
|
70.18
|
72.04
|
80.65
|
81.48
|
86.76
|
80
|
Forest
|
89.35
|
95.14
|
89.36
|
94.12
|
92.65
|
88.23
|
96.58
|
83.82
|
98.25
|
91.35
|
Table 3 Overall accuracy and Kappa statistics in RF for each year of LULC
Year
|
Overall Accuracy (%)
|
Kappa statistics (%)
|
2009
|
90.35
|
87.08
|
2013
|
87.55
|
83.40
|
2015
|
88.65
|
84.72
|
2017
|
89.13
|
85.49
|
2019
|
89.08
|
85.34
|
Table 4 Consumers accuracy and Producers accuracy in SVM for each year of LULC
LULC
|
Consumers accuracy (%)
|
Producers accuracy (%)
|
2009
|
2013
|
2015
|
2017
|
2019
|
2009
|
2013
|
2015
|
2017
|
2019
|
Waterbody
|
100
|
73.85
|
96.77
|
90.32
|
96
|
100
|
96
|
98.36
|
100
|
93.51
|
Built-up
|
97.22
|
91.3
|
94.12
|
83.58
|
88.46
|
84.34
|
84
|
45.28
|
71.79
|
60.53
|
Vegetation
|
73.81
|
88.71
|
97.22
|
100
|
96.39
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
98.77
|
Barren land
|
84.51
|
100
|
48.57
|
70.77
|
58.11
|
64.52
|
64
|
96.23
|
76.67
|
86
|
Forest
|
93.85
|
87.34
|
79.41
|
87.39
|
94.14
|
91.55
|
86.11
|
94.25
|
81.88
|
89.6
|
Table 5 Overall accuracy and Kappa statistics in SVM for each year of LULC
Year
|
Overall Accuracy (%)
|
Kappa statistics (%)
|
2009
|
86.55
|
81.99
|
2013
|
86.34
|
81.75
|
2015
|
78.96
|
72.49
|
2017
|
86.25
|
81.65
|
2019
|
84.85
|
79.81
|
Table 6 Areal change in the LULC from 2009 to 2019
|
Area (Km2)
|
Year
|
Waterbody
|
Built-up
|
Vegetation
|
Barren land
|
Forest
|
2009
|
986.40
|
272.88
|
6904.46
|
368.43
|
3651.08
|
2013
|
1345.62
|
379.20
|
6819.83
|
372.03
|
3266.56
|
2015
|
1032.81
|
452.17
|
6755.27
|
378.37
|
3564.63
|
2017
|
941.61
|
536.75
|
7007.56
|
533.59
|
3163.74
|
2019
|
1046.48
|
564.41
|
6432.17
|
799.50
|
3340.70
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table 7 Cramer's V for driver variables>
Driver variable
|
Cramer's V
|
DEM
|
0.5816
|
Slope
|
0.3695
|
Distance from road
|
0.6040
|
Distance from built-up
|
0.4290
|
Distance from stream
|
0.5620
|
Table 8 Accuracy assessment of the predicted 2019 LULC with actual 2019 LULC
Class Name
|
2019 actual
|
2019 predicted
|
Accuracy (%)
|
Waterbody
|
1046.48
|
1040.14
|
99.39%
|
Built-up
|
564.41
|
549.16
|
97.30%
|
Vegetation
|
6432.17
|
6797.62
|
94.31%
|
Barren land
|
799.50
|
391.70
|
48.99%
|
Forest
|
3340.70
|
3404.63
|
98.08%
|
Table 9 Areal change in the predicted LULC 2019, 2035 and 2050
|
Area (Km2)
|
Year
|
Water
|
Built-up
|
Vegetation
|
Barren land
|
Forest
|
2019 Predicted
|
1040.14
|
549.16
|
6797.62
|
391.70
|
3404.63
|
2035 Predicted
|
1031.66
|
657.64
|
6685.83
|
422.67
|
3385.45
|
2050 Predicted
|
1029.99
|
773.01
|
6543.16
|
458.84
|
3378.25
|