(1) The temporal trend in the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of CVD attributable to Tobacco Exposure from 1990 to 2017
Smoking: For both sexes, in 1990, the rank in the ASMR of CVD attributable to smoking was USA, world, China and Japan. In 2017, the rank was China, world, USA and Japan. The ASMR of CVD attributable to smoking in four regions significantly decreased by 0.4% (95%CI: 0.0%-0.7%), 4.0% (95%CI: 3.7%-4.3%), 4.9% (95%CI: 4.7%-5.1%) and 2.1% (95%CI: 1.8%-2.4%) per year, respectively. For male, the rank in 1990 and 2017 were similar to both sexes. There was a significant downward trend in USA, world and Japan, but there was no significant downward trend in China. For female, in 1990, the rank was USA, world, Japan and China. In 2017, the rank was USA, China, world and Japan. There was a significant downward trend in USA, China, world and Japan. Figure 1 and Table 1 showed the temporal trend in ASMR of CVD attributable to smoking in China, Japan, USA and the world from 1990 to 2017.
Secondhand smoke: For both sexes, from 1990 to 2017, there was no change in the rank for the ASMR of CVD attributable to SHS with China on top followed by world, USA and Japan. The ASMR of CVD attributable to SHS in China, Japan, the USA and the world significantly decreased by 1.2% (95%CI: 0.7%-1.7%), 3.8% (95%CI: 3.5%-4.1%), 3.9% (95%CI: 3.6%-4.2%) and 1.8% (95%CI: 1.5%-2.0%) per year, respectively. For male, the rank in 1990 was world, China, USA and Japan. In 2017, the rank in the ASMR of CVD attributable to SHS was China, world, USA and Japan. There was a significant downward trend in USA, world and Japan, but there was no significant downward trend in China. For female, the rank from 1990 to 2017 was similar to both sexes. There was a significant downward trend in USA, China, world and Japan. Figure 2 and Table 2 showed the temporal trend in ASMR of CVD attributable to SHS in China, Japan, USA and the world from 1990 to 2017.
(2) The APC analysis in the mortality rate of CVD attributable to Tobacco Exposure from 1990 to 2017
Smoking: For both sexes, in the same birth cohort, the mortality rate of CVD attributable to smoking rapidly increased 7.38 (95%CI: 6.34, 8.58) per 100,000 in age group 30-34 to 360.15 (95%CI: 338.97, 382.67) per 100,000 in age group 75-79 in China. The similar changes can be observed in world, USA and Japan. Figure 3(A) showed the longitudinal age curves of the mortality rate of CVD attributable to smoking. All the cohort and period RRs showed a decreasing trend in four regions. For male and female, the changes in mortality rate were similar to both sexes. All the cohort and period RRs were statistically significant (P<0.001 for all) and so were the net drifts. Figure 3(B, C) showed the estimated cohort and period RRs of the mortality rate of CVD attributable to smoking. Figure 4(A) and Table 3 showed the detailed results of net drifts.
Secondhand smoke: All the results were similar to that of smoking. Figure 5(A) showed the longitudinal age curves of the mortality rate of CVD attributable to SHS. Figure 5(B, C) showed the estimated cohort and period RRs of the mortality rate of CVD attributable to SHS. Figure 4(B) and Table 3 showed the detailed results of net drifts.
(3) The temporal trend in the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of stroke attributable to Tobacco Exposure from 1990 to 2017
Smoking: The rank in stroke was slightly different from CVD from 1990 to 2017. For both sexes, the rank in the ASMR of stroke attributable to smoking was China, world, Japan and USA all the time. There was a significant downward trend in four regions. The temporal trends in male and female were similar to both sexes. Additional file 2-Figure S1 and Additional file 1-Table S2 showed the temporal trend in ASMR of stroke attributable to smoking in China, Japan, USA and the world from 1990 to 2017.
Secondhand smoke: All the results were similar to that of smoking. Additional file 2-Figure S2 and Additional file 1-Table S3 showed the temporal trend in ASMR of stroke attributable to SHS in China, Japan, USA and the world from 1990 to 2017.
(4) The APC analysis in the mortality rate of stroke attributable to Tobacco Exposure from 1990 to 2017
Smoking: For both sexes, in the same birth cohort, the mortality rate of stroke attributable to smoking rapidly increased in China. The similar changes can be observed in other three regions. Additional file 2-Figure S3(A) showed the longitudinal age curves of the mortality rate of stroke attributable to smoking. All the cohort and period RRs showed a decreasing trend in four regions. For male and female, the changes in mortality rate were similar to both sexes. All the cohort and period RRs were statistically significant (P<0.001 for all) and so were the net drifts. Additional file 2-Figure S3(B, C) showed the estimated cohort and period RRs of the mortality rate of stroke attributable to smoking. Additional file 2-Figure S4(A) and Additional file 1-Table S4 showed the detailed results of net drifts.
Secondhand smoke: All the results were similar to that of smoking. Additional file 2-Figure S5(A) showed the longitudinal age curves of the mortality rate of stroke attributable to SHS. Additional file 2-Figure S5(B, C) showed the estimated cohort and period RRs of the mortality rate of stroke attributable to SHS. Additional file 2-Figure S4(B) and Additional file 1-Table S4 showed the detailed results of net drifts.
(5) The temporal trend in the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of IHD attributable to Tobacco Exposure from 1990 to 2017
Smoking: The rank in IHD was similar to CVD from 1990 to 2017. For both sexes, in1990, the rank in the ASMR of IHD attributable to smoking was USA, world, Japan and China. In 2017, the rank was China, world, USA and Japan. There was a significant downward trend in world, USA and Japan, but there was a significant upward trend in China, especially in 1999-2015. For male, the temporal trend was similar to both sexes. Although the mortality rate in China is rising, it is not significant. For female, there was a significant downward trend in world, USA and Japan. Additional file 2-Figure S6 and Additional file 1-Table S5 showed the temporal trend in ASMR of IHD attributable to smoking in China, Japan, USA and the world from 1990 to 2017.
Secondhand smoke: For both sexes, in 1990, the rank in the ASMR of IHD attributable to second smoke was world, China, USA and Japan. In 2017, the rank was China, world, USA and Japan. There was a significant downward trend in world, USA and Japan, but there was no significant trend change in China. The temporal trends in male and female were similar to both sexes. Additional file 2-Figure S7 and Additional file 1-Table S6 showed the temporal trend in ASMR of IHD attributable to SHS in China, Japan, USA and the world from 1990 to 2017.
(6) The APC analysis in the mortality rate of IHD attributable to Tobacco Exposure from 1990 to 2017
Smoking: For both sexes, in the same birth cohort, the mortality rate of IHD attributable to smoking rapidly increased 3.39 (95%CI: 2.90, 3.35) per 100,000 in age group 30-34 to 192.20 (95%CI: 179.44, 205.86) per 100,000 in age group 75-79 in China. The similar changes can be observed in world, USA and Japan. Additional file 2-Figure S8(A) showed the longitudinal age curves of the mortality rate of stroke attributable to smoking. All the cohort and period RRs showed a decreasing trend in four regions. For male and female, the changes in mortality rate were similar to both sexes. The cohort and period RRs were statistically significant in world, USA and Japan (P<0.001 for all) and so were the net drifts. Additional file 2-Figure S8(B, C) showed the estimated cohort and period RRs of the mortality rate of CVD attributable to smoking. Additional file 2-Figure S9(A) and Additional file 1-Table S7 showed the detailed results of net drifts.
Secondhand smoke: All the results were similar to that of smoking. Additional file 2-Figure S10(A) showed the longitudinal age curves of the mortality rate of IHD attributable to SHS. Additional file 2-Figure S10(B, C) showed the estimated cohort and period RRs of the mortality rate of CVD attributable to SHS. Additional file 2-Figure S9(B) and Additional file 1-Table S7 showed the detailed results of net drifts.