Socio-demographic characteristics
A total of 388 married reproductive aged women were included in analysis with a response rate of 97.7%. About 336(86.60%) of women were with in age group of 25–34 years. One hundred ninety (48.97%) of women were orthodox. From the total number of the married women, 196(50.52%) had certificate and diploma education. Two hundred ninety four (75.77%) and 312(80.41%) of respondents and respondents’ husband were government employees respectively. Two hundred eighty two (72.68%) married women earned below the mean monthly salary of the respondents 3153 +1342.35 Ethiopian birr. (28 Ethiopian Birr were the approximate equivalent of $1 US in March 2019) (Table1)
Table1 Sociodemographic characteristics of study participants at Quante town, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia, 2019
Characteristics Frequency Percent
|
women’s age in years
15-24 4 1.03
25-34 336 86.60
≥35 48 12.37
Religion
Orthodox 190 48.97
Muslim 134 34.54
Protestant 48 12.37
Catholic 16 4.12
Women’s education level
No formal education 12 3.09
Primary school(1-8th Grade) 64 16.49
|
Secondary school(9th-12th Grade ) 58 14.95
|
College/university 256 65.47
|
Husband’s education level
No formal education 16 4.12
Primary school 50 12.89
Secondary school 38 9.79
College/university 284 73.19
Women’s Occupation
House wife 52 13.40
Government employee 294 75.77 Daily laborer 4 1.03 Merchant 38 9.79
Husband’s Occupation
Farmer 8 2.06
Government employee 312 80.41
Daily laborer 6 1.55
Merchant 62 15.98
Monthly Income
Less than $113 US 282 72.68
Greater or equal to $113 US 106 27.32
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Reproductive history of the study participants
From 388 study participants, 383(98.71 %) got their first marriage at the age above eighteen or above years old and 357(92.01%) of the participants have ever given birth. At their first birth, 351(98.32%) of the respondents were twenty or above years old. Two hundred sixty seven (74.79%) women had One-two live children. Table 2
Table 2 Reproductive history of study participants at Quante town, Gurage Zone Ethiopia, 2019
Variables Frequency Percent
Age at first marriage(n=388)
<18 5 1.29
>18 383 98.71
Ever gave birth(n=388)
Yes 357 92.01
No 31 7.99
Age at first birth(n=357)
<20 3 0.84
>20 351 98.32
Don’t remember 3 0.84
Number of birth(n=357)
One-two 247 69.19
Three-four 89 24.93
Greater than four 21 5.88
Number of alive children(n=357)
One-two 267 74.79
Three-four 74 20.73
Greater than four 16 4.48
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Knowledge of respondents on modern contraceptive methods
Three hundred seventy (95.36%) married women knew any modern contraceptive methods (the respondents listed an example or explained use of at least one contraceptive method correctly). Injection was known by 271(73.24%) respondents. Out of 370 women, 215 (58.11%) knew the reason for using contraceptive for limiting family size. (Table 3)
Table 3 Knowledge of respondents on modern contraceptive methods at Quante town Southern Ethiopia, 2019
Variables Frequency Percent
Knew any modern contraceptive method (n=388)
Yes 370 95.36
No 18 4.64
Knew Contraceptive method (n=370)
Pills
Yes 232 62.70
No 138 37.30
Injectable
Yes 271 73.24
No 99 26.767
Implant
Yes 186 50.27
No 184 49.73
Condom
Yes 259 70
No 111 30
IUCD
Yes 129 34.86
No 241 65.14
Female sterilization
Yes 39 10.54
No 331 89.46
Male Sterilization
Yes 40 10.8
No 330 89.2
Knew the reason for using of Contraceptive
method (n=370)
Prevention of maternal and child death and ill health 25 6.76
Limiting family size 215 58.11
Child spacing 107 28.92
Both for limiting family size and child spacing 23 6.22
Attitude of respondents towards utilization of modern Contraceptive Methods
Three hundred six (78.87%) of the women had positive attitude towards utilization of modern contraceptive. Three hundred thirty seven (86.86%) respondents stated their husbands support to use modern contraceptive method. (Table 4)
Table 4 Attitude of respondents towards utilization of modern Contraceptive Methods at Quante town, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia, 2019
Variables Frequency Percent
|
Attitude towards using contraceptive methods
|
Positive 306 78.87
|
Negative 82 21.13
|
Spouse support to use contraceptive
|
Yes 337 86.86
|
No 51 13.14
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Practice of respondents towards modern contraceptive methods
Three hundred sixty four (93.81%) of the women were ever used modern contraceptive methods. Two hundred forty (65.93%) of the respondents were currently using contraceptive method. Most of them used injectable 147(61.25%) and implant 63(26.25%). (Table 5)
Table 5 Practice of respondents towards modern contraceptive methods at Quante town, Southern Ethiopia, 2019
Variables Frequency Percent
|
Ever used modern contraceptive method (n=388)
|
Yes 364 93.81
|
No 24 6.19
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Used Contraceptive method(n=364)
|
Pills 71 19.51
|
Injectable 134 36.81
|
Implant 109 29.95
|
Condom 45 12.36
|
IUCD 5 1.37
|
Current utilization of contraceptive method(n=240)
|
Yes 240 65.93
|
No 124 34.07
|
Currently used Contraceptive method(n=240)
Pills 23 9.58
Injectable 147 61.25
Implant 63 26.25
Condom 5 2.08
|
IUCD 2 0.83
|
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Factors associated with Current utilization of contraceptive method
Multivariate analysis involving all associated variables was performed to identify independent predictors’ for Current utilization of contraceptive method. Monthly income, education level, knowledge and attitude towards utilization of contraceptive method independently showed significant association. However, age, religion, occupation and reproductive history of respondents did not show any significant association with current utilization of contraceptive methods.
Women whose monthly income of less than $113US were about 2 times more likely (AOR 2.15 (95% CI (1.02—4.54)) to use contraceptive as compared to those who earn above $113. Mothers who had College/University education level had 3.67 times (95% CI (1.29—46.65)) more likely utilize contraception methods than those who had no formal educational status. Women who had any knowledge of modern contraceptive method were more likely (AOR 11.31 (95% CI (2.85 - 44.86)) to use contraception currently than those who had not. Women who have positive attitude towards modern contraceptive method were more than five and half times as likely (AOR 5.59(95% CI (2.34 - 13.32)) to use contraception currently as compared those women who had negative attitude towards modern contraceptive method.
00Bi variable and multivariable logistic regression model for factors associated with contraceptive utilization at Quante town, Southern Ethiopia, 2019
Variables Current utilization COR (95% CI) AOR (95% CI)
of contraceptive
Yes No
Women’s education level
No formal education 8 2 1 1
Primary school 36 24 2.67(0.26 – 26.86) 4.84(0.34 – 68.18)
Secondary school 36 22 2.44 (0.24 – 24.77) 3.72(0.26 – 52.89)
College/university 160 76 2.90(1.52 – 17.58) 3.67(1.29 – 46.65)
Monthly Income
<$113 US 172 68 2.08(1.11 - 3.94) 2.15(1.02 – 4.54)
>$113 US 68 4 1 1
Knowledge of modern
contraceptive method
Yes 234 100 9.36(2.53 - 34.61) 11.31(2.85 - 44.86)
No 6 24 1 1
Attitude towards using
contraceptive methods
Positive 216 82 4.61 (2.08 - 10.21) 5.59(2.34 - 13.32)
Negative 24 42 1 1