1.Younossi Z, Tacke F, Arrese M, Chander Sharma B, Mostafa I, Bugianesi E, Wai-Sun Wong V, Yilmaz Y, George J, Fan J et al: Global Perspectives on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2019, 69(6):2672–2682.
2.Younossi Z, Anstee QM, Marietti M, Hardy T, Henry L, Eslam M, George J, Bugianesi E: Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018, 15(1):11–20.
3.Fiorucci S, Biagioli M, Distrutti E: Future trends in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Pharmacol Res 2018, 134:289–298.
4.Friedman SL, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Rinella M, Sanyal AJ: Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies. Nat Med 2018, 24(7):908–922.
5.Rinella ME: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. JAMA 2015, 313(22):2263–2273.
6.Merriman RB, Ferrell LD, Patti MG, Weston SR, Pabst MS, Aouizerat BE, Bass NM: Correlation of paired liver biopsies in morbidly obese patients with suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2006, 44(4):874–880.
7.Bedossa P: Diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Why liver biopsy is essential. Liver Int 2018, 38 Suppl 1:64–66.
8.Bonekamp S, Tang A, Mashhood A, Wolfson T, Changchien C, Middleton MS, Clark L, Gamst A, Loomba R, Sirlin CB: Spatial distribution of MRI-Determined hepatic proton density fat fraction in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014, 39(6):1525–1532.
9.Alisi A, Pinzani M, Nobili V: Diagnostic power of fibroscan in predicting liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2009, 50(6):2048–2049; author reply 2049–2050.
10.Chan WK, Nik Mustapha NR, Mahadeva S: Controlled attenuation parameter for the detection and quantification of hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2014, 29(7):1470–1476.
11.Caussy C, Reeder SB, Sirlin CB, Loomba R: Noninvasive, Quantitative Assessment of Liver Fat by MRI-PDFF as an Endpoint in NASH Trials. Hepatology 2018, 68(2):763–772.
12.Noureddin M, Lam J, Peterson MR, Middleton M, Hamilton G, Le TA, Bettencourt R, Changchien C, Brenner DA, Sirlin C et al: Utility of magnetic resonance imaging versus histology for quantifying changes in liver fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease trials. Hepatology 2013, 58(6):1930–1940.
13.Yokoo T, Shiehmorteza M, Hamilton G, Wolfson T, Schroeder ME, Middleton MS, Bydder M, Gamst AC, Kono Y, Kuo A et al: Estimation of hepatic proton-density fat fraction by using MR imaging at 3.0 T. Radiology 2011, 258(3):749–759.
14.Imajo K, Kessoku T, Honda Y, Tomeno W, Ogawa Y, Mawatari H, Fujita K, Yoneda M, Taguri M, Hyogo H et al: Magnetic Resonance Imaging More Accurately Classifies Steatosis and Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Than Transient Elastography. Gastroenterology 2016, 150(3):626–637 e627.
15.Middleton MS, Van Natta ML, Heba ER, Alazraki A, Trout AT, Masand P, Brunt EM, Kleiner DE, Doo E, Tonascia J et al: Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging hepatic proton density fat fraction in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2018, 67(3):858–872.
16.Gu J, Liu S, Du S, Zhang Q, Xiao J, Dong Q, Xin Y: Diagnostic value of MRI-PDFF for hepatic steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2019, 29(7):3564–3573.
17.Bedogni G, Bellentani S, Miglioli L, Masutti F, Passalacqua M, Castiglione A, Tiribelli C: The Fatty Liver Index: a simple and accurate predictor of hepatic steatosis in the general population. BMC Gastroenterol 2006, 6:33.
18.Kotronen A, Peltonen M, Hakkarainen A, Sevastianova K, Bergholm R, Johansson LM, Lundbom N, Rissanen A, Ridderstrale M, Groop L et al: Prediction of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fat using metabolic and genetic factors. Gastroenterology 2009, 137(3):865–872.
19.Niu L, Geyer PE, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Gluud LL, Santos A, Doll S, Treit PV, Holst JJ, Knop FK, Vilsboll T et al: Plasma proteome profiling discovers novel proteins associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Molecular systems biology 2019, 15(3):e8793.
20.van den Berg EH, Flores-Guerrero JL, Gruppen EG, de Borst MH, Wolak-Dinsmore J, Connelly MA, Bakker SJL, Dullaart RPF: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Role of Circulating Branched-Chain Amino Acids. Nutrients 2019, 11(3).
21.El Kamari V, Hileman CO, Gholam PM, Kulkarni M, Funderburg N, McComsey GA: Statin Therapy Does Not Reduce Liver Fat Scores in Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology: the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2019, 17(3):536–542 e531.
22.Ma Y, Belyaeva OV, Brown PM, Fujita K, Valles K, Karki S, de Boer YS, Koh C, Chen Y, Du X et al: 17-Beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 13 Is a Hepatic Retinol Dehydrogenase Associated With Histological Features of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepatology 2019, 69(4):1504–1519.
23.Rickham PP: Human Experimentation. Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki. Br Med J 1964, 2(5402):177.
24.Chavez S, Stanisz G: Comparing average breast fat content results from two different protocols at 1.5T and 3T: can the data be pooled? J Magn Reson Imaging 2014, 40(4):890–898.
25.Tang A, Desai A, Hamilton G, Wolfson T, Gamst A, Lam J, Clark L, Hooker J, Chavez T, Ang BD et al: Accuracy of MR imaging-estimated proton density fat fraction for classification of dichotomized histologic steatosis grades in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Radiology 2015, 274(2):416–425.
26.Jia W, Weng J, Zhu D, Ji L, Lu J, Zhou Z, Zou D, Guo L, Ji Q, Chen L et al: Standards of medical care for type 2 diabetes in China 2019. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019:e3158.
27.Nobili V, Alkhouri N, Alisi A, Della Corte C, Fitzpatrick E, Raponi M, Dhawan A: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a challenge for pediatricians. JAMA Pediatr 2015, 169(2):170–176.
28.Tarantino G, Finelli C: Pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis: the link between hypercortisolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013, 19(40):6735–6743.
29.Middleton MS, Heba ER, Hooker CA, Bashir MR, Fowler KJ, Sandrasegaran K, Brunt EM, Kleiner DE, Doo E, Van Natta ML et al: Agreement Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging Proton Density Fat Fraction Measurements and Pathologist-Assigned Steatosis Grades of Liver Biopsies From Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 2017, 153(3):753–761.
30.Kantartzis K, Rettig I, Staiger H, Machann J, Schick F, Scheja L, Gastaldelli A, Bugianesi E, Peter A, Schulze MB et al: An extended fatty liver index to predict non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes Metab 2017, 43(3):229–239.
31.Vilar-Gomez E, Chalasani N: Non-invasive assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Clinical prediction rules and blood-based biomarkers. J Hepatol 2018, 68(2):305–315.
32.Saokaew S, Kanchanasuwan S, Apisarnthanarak P, Charoensak A, Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Phisalprapa P, Chaiyakunapruk N: Clinical risk scoring for predicting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in metabolic syndrome patients (NAFLD-MS score). Liver Int 2017, 37(10):1535–1543.
33.Schetz M, De Jong A, Deane AM, Druml W, Hemelaar P, Pelosi P, Pickkers P, Reintam-Blaser A, Roberts J, Sakr Y et al: Obesity in the critically ill: a narrative review. Intensive Care Med 2019, 45(6):757–769.
34.Croci I, Byrne NM, Choquette S, Hills AP, Chachay VS, Clouston AD, O’Moore-Sullivan TM, Macdonald GA, Prins JB, Hickman IJ: Whole-body substrate metabolism is associated with disease severity in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut 2013, 62(11):1625–1633.