1. Koppen IJN, Vriesman MH, Saps M, et al. Prevalence of Functional Defecation Disorders in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr. 2018;198(198):121-130.e6. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.02.029
2. Philips EM, Peeters B, Teeuw AH, et al. Stressful Life Events in Children With Functional Defecation Disorders. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015;61(4):384-392. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000000882
3. Joinson C, Grzeda MT, von Gontard A, Heron J. Psychosocial risks for constipation and soiling in primary school children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019;28(2):203-210. doi:10.1007/s00787-018-1162-8
4. Leroi AM, Bernier C, Watier A, et al. Prevalence of sexual abuse among patients with functional disorders of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1995;10(4):200-206. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8568404. Accessed April 18, 2019.
5. Drossman DA, Leserman J, Nachman G, et al. Sexual and physical abuse in women with functional or organic gastrointestinal disorders. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113(11):828-833. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2240898. Accessed April 18, 2019.
6. Solé LI, Bolino MC, Lueso M, et al. Prevalence of sexual and physical abuse in patients with obstructed defecation: impact on biofeedback treatment. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2009;101(7):464-467. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19642837. Accessed April 18, 2019.
7. Imhoff LR, Liwanag L, Varma M. Exacerbation of symptom severity of pelvic floor disorders in women who report a history of sexual abuse. Arch Surg. 2012;147(12):1123-1129. doi:10.1001/archsurg.2012.1144
8. O’Brien S, Hyman N, Osler T, Rabinowitz T. Sexual abuse: a strong predictor of outcomes after colectomy for slow-transit constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 2009;52(11):1844-1847. doi:10.1007/DCR.0b013e3181b13408
9. Beck JJH, Elzevier HW, Pelger RCM, Putter H, Voorham-van der Zalm PJ. Multiple pelvic floor complaints are correlated with sexual abuse history. J Sex Med. 2009;6(1):193-198. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01045.x
10. Drossman DA, Talley NJ, Leserman J, Olden KW, Barreiro MA. Sexual and physical abuse and gastrointestinal illness. Review and recommendations. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123(10):782-794. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7574197. Accessed April 18, 2019.
11. Tabbers MM, Dilorenzo C, Berger MY, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;58(2):258-274. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000000266
12. Bharucha AE, Pemberton JH, Locke GR. American gastroenterological association technical review on constipation. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(1):218-238. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.028
13. World Health Organisation. Child Maltreatment Fact sheet No 150. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/child-maltreatment. Accessed September 20, 2019.
14. Lemaigre C, Taylor EP, Gittoes C. Barriers and facilitators to disclosing sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review. Child Abuse Negl. 2017;70:39-52. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.05.009
15. Brilleslijper-Kater SN, Friedrich WN, Corwin DL. Sexual knowledge and emotional reaction as indicators of sexual abuse in young children: theory and research challenges. Child Abuse Negl. 2004;28(10):1007-1017. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.06.005
16. Vrolijk-Bosschaart TF, Brilleslijper-Kater SN, Widdershoven GA, et al. Physical symptoms in very young children assessed for sexual abuse: a mixed method analysis from the ASAC study. Eur J Pediatr. 2017;176(10):1365-1374. doi:10.1007/s00431-017-2996-7
17. Vrolijk-Bosschaart TF, Brilleslijper-Kater SN, Widdershoven GAM, et al. Psychosocial symptoms in very young children assessed for sexual abuse: A qualitative analysis from the ASAC study. Child Abuse Negl. 2017;73:8-23. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.001
18. Drach KM, Wientzen J, Ricci LR. The diagnostic utility of sexual behavior problems in diagnosing sexual abuse in a forensic child abuse evaluation clinic. Child Abuse Negl. 2001;25(4):489-503. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11370722. Accessed September 3, 2019.
19. Salmon P, Skaife K, Rhodes J. Abuse, dissociation, and somatization in irritable bowel syndrome: towards an explanatory model. J Behav Med. 2003;26(1):1-18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690943. Accessed September 23, 2019.
20. Hobbis ICA, Turpin G, Read NW. A re-examination of the relationship between abuse experience and functional bowel disorders. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2002;37(4):423-430. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11989833. Accessed April 18, 2019.
21. Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM, Lakmini C, Subasinghe V, de Silva DGH, Benninga MA. Association between child maltreatment and constipation: a school-based survey using Rome III criteria. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;58(4):486-490. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000000249
22. Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM, Benninga MA. Fecal incontinence in adolescents is associated with child abuse, somatization, and poor health-related quality of life. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016;62(5):698-703. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000001006
23. Mellon MW, Whiteside SP, Friedrich WN. The relevance of fecal soiling as an indicator of child sexual abuse: a preliminary analysis. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2006;27(1):25-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16511365. Accessed April 25, 2019.
24. Sonneveld LP, Brilleslijper-Kater SN, Benninga MA, van Konijnenburg EMMH, Sieswerda-Hoogendoorn T, Teeuw AH. Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Abdominal Pain. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;56(5):475-480. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e31828b5145
25. van Tilburg MAL, Runyan DK, Zolotor AJ, et al. Unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms after abuse in a prospective study of children at risk for abuse and neglect. Ann Fam Med. 2010;8(2):134-140. doi:10.1370/afm.1053
26. Devanarayana NM, Rajindrajith S, Perera MS, Nishanthanie SW, Karunanayake A, Benninga MA. Association Between Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases and Exposure to Abuse in Teenagers. J Trop Pediatr. 2014;60(5):386-392. doi:10.1093/tropej/fmu035
27. Rasquin A, Di Lorenzo C, Forbes D, et al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: child/adolescent. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(5):1527-1537. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.063
28. Friedrich WN, Fisher JL, Dittner CA, et al. Child Sexual Behavior Inventory: Normative, Psychiatric, and Sexual Abuse Comparisons. Child Maltreat. 2001;6(1):37-49. doi:10.1177/1077559501006001004
29. Gray MJ, Litz BT, Hsu JL, Lombardo TW. Psychometric Properties of the Life Events Checklist. Assessment. 2004;11(4):330-341. doi:10.1177/1073191104269954
30. Brilleslijper-Kater SN. Beyond Words : Between-Group Differences in the Ways Sexually Abused and Nonabused Preschool Children Reveal Sexual Knowledge. Enschede: Febodruk; 2005.
31. Chorpita BF, Moffitt CE, Gray J. Psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in a clinical sample. Behav Res Ther. 2005;43(3):309-322. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.02.004
32. Odessa JB-, Resources FPA, 2005 undefined. Trauma symptom checklist for young children (TSCYC). v-psyche.com. http://v-psyche.com/doc/Clinical Test/Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children(TSCYC).doc. Accessed April 23, 2019.
33. Tam YH, Li AM, So HK, et al. Socioenvironmental factors associated with constipation in Hong Kong children and Rome III criteria. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;55(1):56-61. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e31824741ce
34. van Berkel S, Prevoo M, Linting M, Pannebakker F, Alink L. Prevalence of child maltreatment in the Netherlands: An update and cross-time comparison. Child Abus Negl. 2020;(103):104439. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104439
35. Vink R, van der Pal S, Eekhout I, Pannebakker F, Mulder T. [Ik Heb Al Veelgemaakt. Ingrijpende Jeugdervaringen (ACE) Bij Leerlingen in Groep 7/8 van Het Regulier Basisonderwijs.]. Leiden; 2016. file:///H:/Downloads/TNO-2016-R11157.pdf. Accessed September 23, 2019.
36. Alink L, Prevoo M, van Berkel S, Linting M, Klein Velderman, M. Pannebakker F. NPM-2017: Nationale Prevalentiestudie Mishandeling van Kinderen En Jeugdigen. Leiden; 2018. https://www.wodc.nl/onderzoeksdatabase/2668g-informantenstudie-kindermishandeling.aspx.
37. Gilbert R, Widom CS, Browne K, Fergusson D, Webb E, Janson S. Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. Lancet. 2009;373(9657):68-81. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61706-7
38. van Ham K, Brilleslijper-Kater S, van der Lee H, et al. Validation of the Sexual Knowledge Picture Instrument as a diagnostic instrument for child sexual abuse: study protocol. BMJ Paediatrics Open 2020;4:e000799. doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2020-00799.
39. Vrolijk-Bosschaart TF, Verlinden E, Langendam MW, et al. The Diagnostic Utility of the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory for Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review. J Child Sex Abus. 2018;27(7):729-751. doi:10.1080/10538712.2018.1477215
40. van Dijk M, Benninga MA, Grootenhuis MA, Last BF. Prevalence and associated clinical characteristics of behavior problems in constipated children. Pediatrics. 2010;125(2):309-317. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3055
41. Rougé-Maillart C, Houdu S, Darviot E, Buchaillet C, Baron C. Anal lesions presenting in a cohort of child gastroenterological examinations. Implications for sexual traumatic injuries. J Forensic Leg Med. 2015;32:25-29. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2015.02.008
42. Anderson B, Thimmesch I, Aardsma N, Ed D MT, Carstater S, Schober J. The prevalence of abnormal genital findings, vulvovaginitis, enuresis and encopresis in children who present with allegations of sexual abuse. J Pediatr Urol. 2014;10(6):1216-1221. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.06.011
43. Siponen SM, Ahonen RS, Savolainen PH, Hämeen-Anttila KP. Children’s health and parental socioeconomic factors: a population-based survey in Finland. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):457. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-457
44. Brilleslijper-Kater SN, Baartman HEM. What do young children know about sex? Research on the sexual knowledge of children between the ages of 2 and 6 years. Child Abus Rev. 2000;9(3):166-182. doi:10.1002/1099-0852(200005/06)9:3<166::AID-CAR588>3.0.CO;2-3