1 Langa KM, Larson EB, Karlawish JH, et al. Trends in the Prevalence and Mortality of Cognitive Impairment in the United States: Is There Evidence of a Compression of Cognitive Morbidity? Alzheimers Dement 2008; 4: 134-144. DOI:10.1016/j.jalz.2008.01.001.
2 Hao Q, Dong B, Yang M, et al. Frailty and Cognitive Impairment in Predicting Mortality Among Oldest-Old People, Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:295. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0096-3.
3 Perna L, Wahl HW, Mons U, et al. Cognitive Impairment, All-cause and Cause-specific Mortality among non-demented Older Adults, Age Ageing 2015; 44: 445-451. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afu188.
4 Jia J, Wang F, Wei C, et al. The Prevalence of Dementia in Urban and Rural Areas of China, Alzheimers Dement 2014; 10: 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.01.012. 5 Ng TP, Feng L, Nyunt M, et al. Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Progression to Dementia, Jama Neurol 2016; 73: 456-463. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.4899.
6 Jia J, Zhou A, Wei C, et al. The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment and its Etiological Subtypes in Elderly Chinese, Alzheimers Dement 2014; 10: 439-447. DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.09.008.
7 Georgakis MK, Papadopoulos FC, Protogerou AD, et al. Comorbidity of Cognitive Impairment and Late-Life Depression Increase Mortality, J Geriatr Psych Neur 2016; 29: 195-204. DOI: 10.1177/0891988716632913.
8 Hapca S, Guthrie B, Cvoro V, et al. Mortality in People with Dementia, Delirium, and Unspecified Cognitive Impairment in the General Hospital: Prospective Cohort Study of 6,724 Patients with 2 Years Follow-up, Clin Epidemiol 2018; 10: 1743-1753. DOI: 10.2147/CLEP.S174807.
9 Downer B, Al Snih S, Howrey BT, et al. Combined Effects of Cognitive Impairment and Pre-Frailty on Future Frailty and Death in Older Mexican Americans, Aging Ment Health 2018; 1-8. DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1493719.
10 Gombojav B, Yi S, Sull JW, et al. Combined Effects of Cognitive Impairment and Hypertension on Total Mortality in Elderly People: The Kangwha Cohort Study, Gerontology 2011; 57: 490-496. DOI: 10.1159/000323759.
11 Ablett AD, McCarthy K, Carter B, et al. Cognitive Impairment is Associated with Mortality in Older Adults in the Emergency Surgical Setting: Findings from the Older Persons Surgical Outcomes Collaboration (OPSOC): A Prospective Cohort Study, Surgery 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.10.013.
12 Griva K, Stygall J, Hankins M, et al. Cognitive Impairment and 7-Year Mortality in Dialysis Patients, Am J Kidney Dis 2010; 56: 693-703. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.07.003.
13 An R, Liu G. Cognitive Impairment and Mortality among the Oldest-Old Chinese, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 31: 1345-1353. DOI: 10.1002/gps.4442.
14 Gao S, Jin Y, Unverzagt FW, et al. Cognitive Function, Body Mass Index and Mortality in a Rural Elderly Chinese Cohort, Arch Public Health 2014; 72: 9. DOI: 10.1186/2049-3258-72-9.
15 Bravo G , Réjean Hébert. Age- and education-specific reference values for the Mini-Mental and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination derived from a non-demented elderly population. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1997; 12(10):1008-1018. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199710)12:10<1008::aid-gps676>3.0.co;2-a
16 Cui G, Yao Y , Xu R , et al. Cognitive impairment using education-based cutoff points for CMMSE scores in elderly Chinese people of agricultural and rural Shanghai China. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 2011; 124(6). DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01484.x
17 An J, Li H, Tang Z, et al. Cognitive Impairment and Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Over 20-Year Follow-up: Results From the BLSA, J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.008252
18 Zeng Y, Feng Q, Hesketh T, et al. Survival, Disabilities in Activities of Daily Living, and Physical and Cognitive Functioning among the Oldest-Old in China: a Cohort Study, The Lancet 2017; 389: 1619-1629. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30548-2.
19 Yin Z, Shi X, Kraus VB, et al. Gender-Dependent Association of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference with Disability in the Chinese Oldest Old. Obesity 2014; 22, 1918-1925. DOI: 10.1002/oby.20775.
20 Christensen K, Thinggaard M, Oksuzyan A, et al. Physical and cognitive functioning of people older than 90 years: A comparison of two Danish cohorts born 10 years apart. The Lancet 2013; 382: 1507-13. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60777-1
21 Zeng Y, Vaupel JW. Functional capacity and self-evaluation of health and life of oldest old in China. J Soc Issues 2002; 58: 733-48. DOI: info:doi/10.1111/1540-4560.00287
22 Schultz-Larsen K, Rahmanfard N, Kreiner S, et al. Cognitive Impairment as Assessed by a Short Form of MMSE was Predictive of Mortality, J Clin Epidemiol 2008; 61: 1227-1233. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.12.007
23 Yuan J, Lv Y, Chen H, et al. Association Between Late-Life Blood Pressure and the Incidence of Cognitive Impairment: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study, J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 20: 177-182. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.05.029.
24 Zhang MY, Katzman R, Salmon D, et al. The Prevalence of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease in Shanghai, China: Impact of Age, Gender And Education. Annals of Neurology 1990; 27:428-437. DOI: 10.1002/ana.410270412
25 Li ZH, Lv YB, Kraus VB, et al. Trends in the Incidence of Activities of Daily Living Disability Among Chinese Elderly from 2002-2014. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2019; Pii: glz221. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz221.
26 Lee Y , Kim J , Chon D , et al. The effects of frailty and cognitive impairment on 3-year mortality in older adults[J]. Maturitas, 2018, 107:50-55. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.10.006
27 Yu W, Chou M, Peng L, et al. Synergistic Effects of Cognitive Impairment on Physical Disability in All-Cause Mortality among Men Aged 80 Years and over: Results from Longitudinal Older Veterans Study, Plos One 2017; 12: e181741. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181741.
28 Kane KD, Yochim BP, Lichtenberg, P. A. Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment Predict All-Cause Mortality in Long-Term Care Residents, Psychol Aging 2010; 25: 446-452. DOI: 10.1037/a0019032.
29 Farid K, Zhang Y, Bachelier D et al. Cognitive impairment and malnutrition, predictors of all-cause mortality in hospitalized elderly subjects with cardiovascular disease, Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 106: 188-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2012.12.006.
30 Yu H. Universal Health Insurance Coverage for 1.3 Billion People: What Accounts for China's Success? Health Policy 2015; 119: 1145-1152. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.07.008.
31 Bassuk S, Wypij D, Berkman LF. Cognitive Impairment and Mortality in the Community-Dwelling Elderly. American Journal of Epidemiology 2000; 151: 676-688. DOI: 10.1080/09540120050001896.
32 Hai S, Cao L, Yang X, et al. Association Between Nutrition Status and Cognitive Impairment Among Chinese Nonagenarians and Centenarians, Int J Gerontol 2017; 11: 215-219. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2016.12.002
33 Wu J, Liu J, Zhu B, et al. Does China's New Medical Reform Improve Health Equity of Rural Residents? Evidence from Household Surveys Before and After The Implementation of New Medical Reform in Shanxi Province, China, Value Health 2015; 18: A526. DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2015.09.1623.
34 Drew DA, Weiner DE, Tighiouart H, et al. Cognitive Function and All-Cause Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients, Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 65: 303-311. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.07.009
35 Nybo H, Petersen HC, Gaist D, et al. Predictors of Mortality in 2,249 Nonagenarians-The Danish 1905 cohort Survey. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2003; 51:1365-1373. DOI: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51453.x.
36 Gale CR, Martyn CN. and Cooper, C. Cognitive Impairment and Mortality in a Cohort of Elderly People, BMJ 1996; 312: 608-611. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.312.7031.608.