1. Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy. Apr 2008;63 Suppl 86:8-160. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x
2. Zhang Y, Zhang L. Increasing Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis in China. Allergy, asthma & immunology research. Mar 2019;11(2):156-169. doi:10.4168/aair.2019.11.2.156
3. Brożek JL, Bousquet J, Agache I, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines-2016 revision. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Oct 2017;140(4):950-958. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.050
4. Bernstein DI, Schwartz G, Bernstein JA. Allergic Rhinitis: Mechanisms and Treatment. Immunology and allergy clinics of North America. May 2016;36(2):261-78. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2015.12.004
5. Lee K, Majumdar MK, Buyaner D, Hendricks JK, Pittenger MF, Mosca JD. Human mesenchymal stem cells maintain transgene expression during expansion and differentiation. Mol Ther. Jun 2001;3(6):857-66. doi:10.1006/mthe.2001.0327
6. Zhao ZG, Xu W, Sun L, et al. Immunomodulatory function of regulatory dendritic cells induced by mesenchymal stem cells. Immunological investigations. 2012;41(2):183-98. doi:10.3109/08820139.2011.607877
7. Cho KS, Park HK, Park HY, et al. IFATS collection: Immunomodulatory effects of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in an allergic rhinitis mouse model. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio). Jan 2009;27(1):259-65. doi:10.1634/stemcells.2008-0283
8. Zhao N, Liu Y, Liang H, Jiang X. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce immune reaction in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. American journal of translational research. 2016;8(12):5628-5636.
9. Zhong H, Fan XL, Fang SB, Lin YD, Wen W, Fu QL. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent chronic allergic airway inflammation via TGF-β1-Smad2/Smad3 signaling pathway in mice. Molecular immunology. May 2019;109:51-57. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2019.02.017
10. Fu QL, Chow YY, Sun SJ, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells modulate T-cell phenotypes in allergic rhinitis. Allergy. Oct 2012;67(10):1215-22. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02875.x.
11. Toma C, Wagner WR, Bowry S, Schwartz A, Villanueva F. Fate of culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells in the microvasculature: in vivo observations of cell kinetics. Circulation research. Feb 13 2009;104(3):398-402. doi:10.1161/circresaha.108.187724
12. Kuriyan AE, Albini TA, Townsend JH, et al. Vision Loss after Intravitreal Injection of Autologous "Stem Cells" for AMD. The New England journal of medicine. Mar 16 2017;376(11):1047-1053. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1609583
13. Nishikawa G, Kawada K, Nakagawa J, et al. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote colorectal cancer progression via CCR5. Cell death & disease. Mar 19 2019;10(4):264. doi:10.1038/s41419-019-1508-2
14. Jeong JO, Han JW, Kim JM, et al. Malignant tumor formation after transplantation of short-term cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in experimental myocardial infarction and diabetic neuropathy. Circulation research. May 27 2011;108(11):1340-7. doi:10.1161/circresaha.110.239848
15. Merino-González C, Zuñiga FA, Escudero C, et al. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Angiogenesis: Potencial Clinical Application. Frontiers in physiology. 2016;7:24. doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00024
16. Wortzel I, Dror S, Kenific CM, Lyden D. Exosome-Mediated Metastasis: Communication from a Distance. Developmental cell. May 6 2019;49(3):347-360. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.011
17. Bellingham SA, Guo BB, Coleman BM, Hill AF. Exosomes: vehicles for the transfer of toxic proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases? Frontiers in physiology. 2012;3:124. doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00124
18. González-González A, García-Sánchez D, Dotta M, Rodríguez-Rey JC, Pérez-Campo FM. Mesenchymal stem cells secretome: The cornerstone of cell-free regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells. Dec 26 2020;12(12):1529-1552. doi:10.4252/wjsc.v12.i12.1529
19. Huang B, Cheng X, Wang H, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells and their secreted molecules predominantly ameliorate fulminant hepatic failure and chronic liver fibrosis in mice respectively. Journal of translational medicine. Feb 9 2016;14:45. doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0792-1
20. Lilly CM, Woodruff PG, Camargo CA, Jr., et al. Elevated plasma eotaxin levels in patients with acute asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Oct 1999;104(4 Pt 1):786-90. doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70288-5
21. Bui TM, Wiesolek HL, Sumagin R. ICAM-1: A master regulator of cellular responses in inflammation, injury resolution, and tumorigenesis. Journal of leukocyte biology. Sep 2020;108(3):787-799. doi:10.1002/jlb.2mr0220-549r
22. Plumas J, Chaperot L, Richard MJ, Molens JP, Bensa JC, Favrot MC. Mesenchymal stem cells induce apoptosis of activated T cells. Leukemia. Sep 2005;19(9):1597-604. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403871
23. Corcione A, Benvenuto F, Ferretti E, et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate B-cell functions. Blood. Jan 1 2006;107(1):367-72. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-07-2657
24. Djouad F, Charbonnier LM, Bouffi C, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit the differentiation of dendritic cells through an interleukin-6-dependent mechanism. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio). Aug 2007;25(8):2025-32. doi:10.1634/stemcells.2006-0548
25. You HJ, Fang SB, Wu TT, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes improve motor function and attenuate neuropathology in a mouse model of Machado-Joseph disease. Stem cell research & therapy. Jun 8 2020;11(1):222. doi:10.1186/s13287-020-01727-2
26. Dahl R, Mygind N. Anatomy, physiology and function of the nasal cavities in health and disease. Advanced drug delivery reviews. Jan 5 1998;29(1-2):3-12. doi:10.1016/s0169-409x(97)00058-6
27. Scadding GK, Kariyawasam HH, Scadding G, et al. BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis (Revised Edition 2017; First edition 2007). Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Jul 2017;47(7):856-889. doi:10.1111/cea.12953
28. Hansen I, Klimek L, Mösges R, Hörmann K. Mediators of inflammation in the early and the late phase of allergic rhinitis. Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology. Jun 2004;4(3):159-63. doi:10.1097/00130832-200406000-00004
29. Snapper CM, Paul WE. Interferon-gamma and B cell stimulatory factor-1 reciprocally regulate Ig isotype production. Science. May 22 1987;236(4804):944-7. doi:10.1126/science.3107127
30. Xie G, Yang H, Peng X, et al. Mast cell exosomes can suppress allergic reactions by binding to IgE. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Feb 2018;141(2):788-791. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.040
31. Zhang HP, Sun YX, Lin Z, et al. CARsomes inhibit airway allergic inflammation in mice by inducing antigen-specific Th2 cell apoptosis. Allergy. May 2020;75(5):1205-1216. doi:10.1111/all.14157
32. Fang SB, Zhang HY, Wang C, et al. Small extracellular vesicles derived from human mesenchymal stromal cells prevent group 2 innate lymphoid cell-dominant allergic airway inflammation through delivery of miR-146a-5p. Journal of extracellular vesicles. 2020;9(1):1723260. doi:10.1080/20013078.2020.1723260
33. Mishra V, Banga J, Silveyra P. Oxidative stress and cellular pathways of asthma and inflammation: Therapeutic strategies and pharmacological targets. Pharmacology & therapeutics. Jan 2018;181:169-182. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.011
34. Gagliardo R, Chanez P, Mathieu M, et al. Persistent activation of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway in severe uncontrolled asthma. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. Nov 15 2003;168(10):1190-8. doi:10.1164/rccm.200205-479OC
35. Kawakami Y, Hartman SE, Holland PM, Cooper JA, Kawakami T. Multiple signaling pathways for the activation of JNK in mast cells: involvement of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C, and JNK kinases, SEK1 and MKK7. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md : 1950). Aug 15 1998;161(4):1795-802.
36. Fang JY, Richardson BC. The MAPK signalling pathways and colorectal cancer. The Lancet Oncology. May 2005;6(5):322-7. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(05)70168-6
37. Yang SH, Sharrocks AD, Whitmarsh AJ. Transcriptional regulation by the MAP kinase signaling cascades. Gene. Nov 27 2003;320:3-21. doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(03)00816-3
38. Dong C, Yang DD, Tournier C, et al. JNK is required for effector T-cell function but not for T-cell activation. Nature. May 4 2000;405(6782):91-4. doi:10.1038/35011091
39. Yamashita M, Kimura M, Kubo M, et al. T cell antigen receptor-mediated activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway controls interleukin 4 receptor function and type-2 helper T cell differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Feb 2 1999;96(3):1024-9. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.3.1024
40. Betzer O, Perets N, Angel A, et al. In Vivo Neuroimaging of Exosomes Using Gold Nanoparticles. ACS nano. Nov 28 2017;11(11):10883-10893. doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b04495
41. Guo S, Perets N, Betzer O, et al. Intranasal Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes Loaded with Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog siRNA Repairs Complete Spinal Cord Injury. ACS nano. Sep 24 2019;13(9):10015-10028. doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b01892
42. Thomi G, Surbek D, Haesler V, Joerger-Messerli M, Schoeberlein A. Exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells reduce microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in perinatal brain injury. Stem cell research & therapy. Mar 21 2019;10(1):105. doi:10.1186/s13287-019-1207-z
43. Perets N, Hertz S, London M, Offen D. Intranasal administration of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates autistic-like behaviors of BTBR mice. Molecular autism. 2018;9:57. doi:10.1186/s13229-018-0240-6
44. Ren J, Liu Y, Yao Y, et al. Intranasal delivery of MSC-derived exosomes attenuates allergic asthma via expanding IL-10 producing lung interstitial macrophages in mice. International immunopharmacology. Feb 2021;91:107288. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107288