Table 1. Characteristics of the research group
|
Girls (±SD)
|
Boys (±SD)
|
Total (±SD)
|
Numer of patients
|
11 (22%)
|
39 (78%)
|
50
|
Body weight [kg]
|
31,7±12,2
|
35,5±14,6
|
34,7±14,1
|
Height [cm]
|
134,6±14,0
|
138,8±17,9
|
137,9±17,1
|
BMI [kg/m2]
|
16,84±3,23
|
17,64±3,03
|
17,46±3,06
|
The age of beginning the treatment [years]
|
8,64±2,59
|
8,03±2,49
|
8,16±2,5
|
The length of growth hormone treatment [years]
|
1,80±1,85
|
3,05±2,14
|
2,78±2,13
|
Sport [h]
|
3,09±3,33
|
3,43±4,08
|
3,36±3,89
|
Table 2. The number and percentage of children who presented different angle trunk rotation in described trunk levels
Assessed level
|
Angle [°]
|
Total
n=50
|
Girls
n=11
|
Boys
n=39
|
C7
|
0-3
|
50 (100%)
|
11 (100%)
|
39 (100%)
|
4-6
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
7 i więcej
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
TH6
|
0-3
|
40 (80%)
|
8 (73%)
|
32 (82%)
|
4-6
|
10 (20%)
|
3 (27%)
|
7 (18%)
|
7 i więcej
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
TH12/L1
|
0-3
|
39 (78%)
|
7 (64%)
|
32 (82%)
|
4-6
|
10 (20%)
|
3 (27%)
|
7 (18%)
|
7 i więcej
|
1 (2%)
|
1 (9%)
|
0 (0%)
|
L3
|
0-3
|
42 (84%)
|
8 (73%)
|
34 (87%)
|
4-6
|
8 (16%)
|
3 (27%)
|
5 (13%)
|
7 i więcej
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
L5/S1
|
0-3
|
45 (90%)
|
9 (82%)
|
36 (92%)
|
4-6
|
5 (10%)
|
2 (18%)
|
3 (8%)
|
7 i więcej
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
Table 3. The number and percentage of children who presented various values of angle of trunk rotation depending on the age of rhGH treatment beginning
Assessed level
|
Angle trunk rotation [°]
|
Total
n=50
|
Treatment before the age of 10 years
n=26
|
Treatment after the age of 10 years
n=24
|
C7
|
0-3
|
50 (100%)
|
26 (100%)
|
24 (100%)
|
4-6
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
7 i więcej
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
TH6
|
0-3
|
40 (80%)
|
20 (77%)
|
20 (83%)
|
4-6
|
10 (20%)
|
6 (23%)
|
4 (17%)
|
7 and more
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
TH12/L1
|
0-3
|
39 (78%)
|
21 (81%)
|
18 (75%)
|
4-6
|
10 (20%)
|
5 (19%)
|
5 (21%)
|
7 i więcej
|
1 (2%)
|
0 (0%)
|
1 (4%)
|
L3
|
0-3
|
42 (84%)
|
21 (81%)
|
21 (87%)
|
4-6
|
8 (16%)
|
5 (19%)
|
3 (13%)
|
7 and more
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
L5/S1
|
0-3
|
45 (90%)
|
22 (85%)
|
23 (96%)
|
4-6
|
5 (10%)
|
4 (15%)
|
1 (4%)
|
7 and more
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
Table 4. The average and mean value of the angle of trunk rotation at C7, /Th1Th6, Th12 / L5, L3 and L5/S1
Angle of trunk rotation
|
n
|
Average value
|
SD
|
Mean value
|
Min
|
Max
|
C7/TH1 [°]
|
50
|
0,54
|
0,95
|
0,00
|
0
|
3
|
Th6 [°]
|
50
|
2,02
|
1,62
|
2,00
|
0
|
6
|
Th12/L1 [°]
|
50
|
2,22
|
1,81
|
2,00
|
0
|
8
|
L3 [°]
|
50
|
2,04
|
1,67
|
2,00
|
0
|
5
|
L5/S1 [°]
|
50
|
1,58
|
1,60
|
1,50
|
0
|
6
|
Table 5. The results of tests of significance in differences between boys and girls referring to the angle of trunk rotation
Angle of trunk rotation
|
Sex
|
n
|
Average value
|
SD
|
Mean value
|
Min.
|
Max.
|
U
|
P
|
C7/TH1 [°]
|
dziewczynki
|
11
|
0,64
|
0,92
|
0,0
|
0
|
3
|
184,0
|
0,4823
|
chłopcy
|
39
|
0,51
|
0,97
|
0,0
|
0
|
3
|
Th6 [°]
|
dziewczynki
|
11
|
2,18
|
1,54
|
2,0
|
0
|
5
|
196,0
|
0,6734
|
chłopcy
|
39
|
1,97
|
1,66
|
2,0
|
0
|
6
|
Th12/L1 [°]
|
dziewczynki
|
11
|
3,36
|
2,11
|
3,0
|
0
|
8
|
117,5
|
0,0238*
|
chłopcy
|
39
|
1,90
|
1,60
|
2,0
|
0
|
5
|
L3 [°]
|
dziewczynki
|
11
|
3,09
|
1,38
|
3,0
|
1
|
5
|
108,0
|
0,0130*
|
chłopcy
|
39
|
1,74
|
1,63
|
1,0
|
0
|
5
|
L5/S1 [°]
|
dziewczynki
|
11
|
2,27
|
1,90
|
2,0
|
0
|
6
|
154,5
|
0,1635
|
chłopcy
|
39
|
1,38
|
1,48
|
1,0
|
0
|
6
|
U - Mann-Whitney U test statistic value
p - probability level
* - statistically significant, p <0.05
Table 6. The results of angle trunk rotation at C7/TH1, Th6, Th12 / L1, L3 and L5 / S1 in children prior to treatment and those undergoing growth hormone treatment
Angle
|
Treatment
|
n
|
Average value
|
SD
|
Mediana
|
Min.
|
Maks.
|
U
|
p
|
C7/TH1 [°]
|
prior to treatment
|
10
|
0,50
|
0,71
|
0,0
|
0
|
2
|
186,5
|
0,7525
|
undergoing treatment
|
40
|
0,55
|
1,01
|
0,0
|
0
|
3
|
Th6 [°]
|
prior to treatment
|
10
|
2,80
|
1,87
|
2,0
|
0
|
6
|
138,0
|
0,1358
|
undergoing treatment
|
40
|
1,83
|
1,52
|
2,0
|
0
|
5
|
Th12/L1 [°]
|
prior to treatment
|
10
|
2,20
|
1,75
|
2,0
|
0
|
5
|
197,0
|
0,9517
|
undergoing treatment
|
40
|
2,23
|
1,85
|
2,0
|
0
|
8
|
L3 [°]
|
prior to treatment
|
10
|
1,60
|
1,65
|
1,0
|
0
|
5
|
161,0
|
0,3504
|
undergoing treatment
|
40
|
2,15
|
1,67
|
2,0
|
0
|
5
|
L5/S1 [°]
|
prior to treatment
|
10
|
1,50
|
2,17
|
0,0
|
0
|
6
|
172,0
|
0,5048
|
undergoing treatment
|
40
|
1,60
|
1,46
|
2,0
|
0
|
6
|
Table 7. The results of tests of significance between values of trunk rotation angle according to body weight, height and BMI in patients
Parameters
|
n
|
Rs
|
t(n-2)
|
p
|
Weight [kg] & C7/Th1 [°]
|
50
|
0,084
|
0,58
|
0,5617
|
Weight [kg] & Th6 [°]
|
50
|
0,063
|
0,44
|
0,6621
|
Weight [kg] & Th12/L1 [°]
|
50
|
0,239
|
1,71
|
0,0943
|
Weight [kg] & L3 [°]
|
50
|
0,097
|
0,67
|
0,5030
|
Weight [kg] & L5/S1 [°]
|
50
|
0,125
|
0,88
|
0,3858
|
Height [cm] & C7/Th1 [°]
|
50
|
0,014
|
0,10
|
0,9234
|
Height[cm] & Th6 [°]
|
50
|
-0,032
|
-0,22
|
0,8277
|
Height[cm] & Th12/L1 [°]
|
50
|
0,154
|
1,08
|
0,2847
|
Height [cm] & L3 [°]
|
50
|
0,083
|
0,58
|
0,5674
|
Height [cm] & L5/S1 [°]
|
50
|
0,111
|
0,77
|
0,4424
|
BMI [kg/m2] & C7/Th1 [°]
|
50
|
0,101
|
0,70
|
0,4870
|
BMI [kg/m2] & Th6 [°]
|
50
|
0,138
|
0,97
|
0,3391
|
BMI [kg/m2] & Th12/L1 [°]
|
50
|
0,233
|
1,66
|
0,1042
|
BMI [kg/m2] & L3 [°]
|
50
|
0,110
|
0,77
|
0,4450
|
BMI [kg/m2] & L5/S1 [°]
|
50
|
0,094
|
0,65
|
0,5177
|
Rs - Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for the number n
t - value of t statistics checking the significance of the Rs coefficient for the number of degrees of freedom n-2
p - probability level
Table 8. The results of tests of significance of trunk rotation angle referring hormonal treatment duration
Parameters
|
n
|
Rs
|
t(n-2)
|
p
|
Duration of therapy [years] & C7/TH1 [°]
|
50
|
-0,034
|
-0,24
|
0,8124
|
Duration of therapy [years] & Th6 [°]
|
50
|
-0,173
|
-1,22
|
0,2284
|
Duration of therapy [years] & Th12/L1 [°]
|
50
|
-0,007
|
-0,05
|
0,9632
|
Duration of therapy [years] & L3 [°]
|
50
|
0,054
|
0,37
|
0,7109
|
Duration of therapy [years] & L5/S1 [°]
|
50
|
0,105
|
0,73
|
0,4676
|
Rs - Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for the number n
t - value of t statistics checking the significance of the Rs coefficient for the number of degrees of freedom n-2
p - probability level
Table 9. The results of tests of significance of trunk rotation angle referring to the age of the hormonal therapy beginning
Parameters
|
n
|
Rs
|
t(n-2)
|
p
|
Age at beginning of growth hormone treatment [years] & C7/Th1 [°]
|
50
|
0,147
|
1,03
|
0,3085
|
Age at beginning of growth hormone treatment [years] & Th6 [°]
|
50
|
0,062
|
0,43
|
0,6682
|
Age at beginning of growth hormone treatment [years] & Th12/L1 [°]
|
50
|
0,132
|
0,92
|
0,3611
|
Age at beginning of growth hormone treatment [years] & L3 [°]
|
50
|
0,057
|
0,39
|
0,6961
|
Age at beginning of growth hormone treatment [years] & L5/S1 [°]
|
50
|
0,035
|
0,24
|
0,8118
|
Rs - Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for the number n
t - value of t statistics checking the significance of the Rs coefficient for the number of degrees of freedom n-2
p - probability level