Sociodemographic Characteristics of the Study Respondents
The results uncovered that most of the respondents’ ages from 20 to 32 years which was 68.7% (n = 103). Furthermore, study findings showed that most of the respondents’58.7% (n = 88) were female and the mean age range of the study respondents was 26 years and 68.7% (n = 103) were within the age group of 20–32 years. The study respondents 42.7% (n = 64) were assistant nurse officers (diploma holders) and 29.3% (n = 44) were nurse and midwife officers, as well as 28% (n = 42) had a certificate in nursing. Also, 61.3% (n = 92) works at Singida Regional Referral Hospital; notwithstanding that, further Sociodemographic qualities are depicted in Table 1.
Table 1
Sociodemographic characteristics of study respondents (n = 150)
Variables n
|
%
|
Age Group
20–32
33–45
46–58
|
103
|
68.7
|
32
|
21.3
|
15
|
10.0
|
Gender
Male
Female
|
62
|
41.3
|
88
|
58.7
|
Marital Status
Single
Married
Widow
Widower
|
54
|
36.0
|
93
|
62.0
|
2
|
1.3
|
1
|
0.7
|
Religion
Muslim
Christian
Others
|
37
|
24.7
|
112
|
74.7
|
1
|
0.6
|
Level of Education Attained
College
University
|
107
|
71.3
|
43
|
28.7
|
Professional Qualifications
Nurse and midwife officers
Assistant nurse officer
Enrolled nurse
|
44
|
29.3
|
64
|
42.7
|
42
|
28.0
|
Residence
Urban
Semi-urban
|
68
|
45.3
|
82
|
54.7
|
Working Health Facility
Health center
Hospital
|
58
|
38.7
|
92
|
61.3
|
Source: Field Data (2020) |
Level of Practice on the use of Partograph among nurses
The results uncovered that the greater part of respondents 61.3% (n = 92) who were working in the maternity department at SRRH and Sokoine health center had low a level of practice on the usage of partograph charts accessible in the wards on the delivery of nursing care. Besides, 38.7% (n = 58) of nursing caretakers among 150 nurses who participated in the research had a high level of practice on the use of partograph during the delivery of nursing care in SRRH and Sokoine health center in Singida Municipality.
Table 2
Level of practice on partograph usage among nurses (n = 150).
Variables n
|
%
|
Level of practice
Low practice
High practice
Total
|
92
|
61.3
|
58
|
38.7
|
150
|
100
|
Source: Field Data (2020) |
Factors Influencing Levels Of Practice On Partograph Utilization
Among 150 nurses, nurses whose age were between 20 to 32 years, 46.1% (n = 47) had a high level of practice while 53.9%(n = 55) had a low level of practice on partograph utilization, age group between 33 to 45years, 21.9% (n = 7) had a high level of practice while 78.1% (n = 25) had a low level of practice on partograph utilization and those with the age category of 46 to 58 years, 25.0% (n = 4) had a high level of practice while 75.0% (n = 12) had a low degree of practice on partograph utilization this implied that age has influences on partograph use among nurses in Singida municipality.
Moreover, study findings depicted that nurse and midwife officers 81.8% (n = 36) had a high level of practice while 18.2% (n = 8) had a low level of practice on partograph utilization. The number of assistant nurse officers, 20.3% (n = 13) had a high level of practice while 79.7% (n = 51) had a low level of practice on the partograph use and among the enrolled nurses, 21.4% (n = 9) had a high level of practice while 78.6% (n = 33) had a low level of practice on the use of partograph among nurses which showed that professional qualifications influenced partograph use.
On the other hand, nurses who had university education, 83.3% (n = 35) had a high level of practice while only 16.7% (n = 7) had a low level of partograph usage during checking progress and monitoring labour, fetal and maternal condition. Likewise, among nurses who reached the institute level, 21.3% (n = 23) had a high level of practice while 78.7% (n = 85) had a low level of practice on the partograph usage, this uncovered that education level influences partograph use among nurses in Singida municipality.
Furthermore, 82 nurses who lived in semi-urban47.6% (n = 39) had a high level of practice while 52.4% (n = 43) had a low level of practice on partogram use contrasted with nurses living in urban where 27.9% (n = 19) had a high level of practice on partograph utilization while 72.1% (n = 49) had a low level of practice on partograph utilization.
It was evident that gender had an influence on the level of practice on partograph usage among nurses in Singida municipality as results uncovered that among male 48.4% (n = 30) had a high level of practice while 51.6% (n = 32) had a low level of practice on partograph use on the provision of nursing services. Likewise, among female results depicted that 31.8% (n = 28) had a high level of practice on the partograph use while 68.2% (n = 60) had a low level of practice on partograph usage among nurses in Singida municipality. Other factors influencing the utilization of partograph have been summarized in Table 3.
Table 3
Factors influencing the level of practice on the utilization of partograph (n = 150)
Variables
|
Level of practice
|
Low practice
|
High practice
|
Age Category
20 to 32yrs
33 to 45yrs
46 to 58yrs
|
55(53.9%)
|
47(46.1%)
|
25(78.1%)
|
7(21.9%)
|
12(75.0%)
|
4(25.0%)
|
Gender
Male
Female
|
32(51.6%)
|
30(48.4%)
|
60(68.2%)
|
28(31.8%)
|
Religion
Muslim
Christian
Others
|
24(64.9%)
68(60.7%)
|
13(35.1%)
44(39.3%)
|
0(0.00%)
|
1(100.0%)
|
Marital Status
Single
Married
Widow
Widower
|
28(51.9%)
|
26(48.1%)
|
61(65.6%)
|
32(34.4%)
|
2(100.0%)
|
0(0.00%)
|
1(100.0%)
|
0(0.00%)
|
Education Level
College
University
|
85(78.7%)
|
23(21.3%)
|
7(16.7%)
|
35(83.3%)
|
Professional Qualifications
Nurse and midwife officers
Assistant nurse officer
Enrolled nurse
|
8(18.2%)
|
36(81.8%)
|
37(57.8%)
|
27(42.2%)
|
25(59.5%)
|
17(40.5%)
|
Residence
Urban
Semi-Urban
|
49(72.1%)
|
19(27.9%)
|
43(52.4%)
|
39(47.6%)
|
Working Health Facility
Health center
Hospital
|
39(67.2%)
|
19(32.8%)
|
53(57.6%)
|
39(42.4%)
|
Relationship between Factors Influencing level of Practice of Partograph Utilization and Level of Practice
Concerning the relationship between age category of study respondents and level of practice on partograph usage, results depicted that there is a significant relationship between age group and level of practice among nurses as proven by ( X2 = 7.427; p < 0.05). Among 150 study respondents, nurses whose age were between 20 to 32 years, 46.1% (n = 47) had a high level of practice while 53.9% (n = 55) had a low level of practice on partograph utilization, age group between 33 to 45years, 21.9% (n = 7) had a high level of practice and 78.1% (n = 25) had a low level of practice on partograph utilization and nurses with the age category of 46 to 58 years, 25.0%(n = 4) had a high level of practice while 75.0% (n = 12) had a low level of practice on partograph utilization.
In light of the research among 150 respondents, results indicated that nurse and midwife officers 81.8% (n = 36) had a high level of practice while 18.2% (n = 8) had a low level of practice on partograph usage. Between the assistant nurse officers, 20.3% (n = 13) had a high level of practice while 79.7% (n = 51) had a low level of practice on the partograph usage and among the enrolled nurses, 21.4% (n = 9) had a high level of practice while 78.6% (n = 33) had a low level of practice on partograph usage. The chi-squared test indicated that there is a significant relationship between professional qualifications and level of practice on the partograph usage among nurses (X2 = 49.835; p < 0.05).
Concerning level of education between nurses who reached the university level, 83.3% (n = 35) had a high level of practice while only 16.7% (n = 7) had a low level of practice on partograph usage in Singida region. Additionally, among nurses who reached college or institutional level, 21.3% (n = 23) had a high level of practice while 78.7% (n = 85) had a low level of practice on the partograph use. The computation of the chi-squared test findings depicted that there is a statistically significant relationship between the level of education and practice on partograph usage among nurses in Singida municipality(X2 = 49.704; p < 0.05).
Besides; among 150 study participants, 82 nurses live in semi-urban where 47.6% (n = 39) had a high level of practice while 52.4% (n = 43) had a low level of practice on partograph usage contrasted with those who live in urban which showed that 27.9% (n = 19) had a high level of practice on partograph usage while 72.1% (n = 49) had a low level of practice on the use of partograph. The chi-squared test showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between residence and level of practice on partograph usage among nurses in Singida municipality (X2 = 6.034; p < 0.05).
It was evident that gender had an influence on the level of practice on partograph usage among nurses in Singida region as results uncovered that 48.4% (n = 30) males had a high level of practice and 51.6% (n = 32) had a low level of practice on partograph use on the provision of nursing services. Additionally, among females results depicted that 31.8% (n = 28) had a high level of practice on the partograph utilization while 68.2% (n = 60) had a low level of practice on the usage of partograph in Singida municipality. Results showed that there is a statistical significance (X2 = 4.211; p < 0.05). Furthermore; other independent variables such as religion, marital status, and working health facility had no statistical significant relationship with the level of practice on the usage of the partograph among nurses in Singida municipality.
Table 4
Cross-tabulation of the relationship between factors influencing the level of practice on partograph utilization and the level of practice (N = 150).
Variables
|
|
Level of practice
|
X2
P-Value
|
Low practice
|
High practice
|
Age Category
20 to 32yrs
33 to 45yrs
46 to 58yrs
|
55(53.9%)
|
46.1%(47)
|
X2 = 7.427
P = 0.024
|
25(78.1%)
|
7(21.9%)
|
12(75.0%)
|
4(25.0%)
|
Gender
Male
Female
|
32(51.6%)
|
30(48.4%)
|
X2 = 4.211
P = 0.040
|
60(68.2%)
|
28(31.8%)
|
Religion
Muslim
Christian
Others
|
24(64.9%)
68(60.7%)
|
13(35.1%)
44(39.3%)
|
X2 = 1.799
P = 0.407
|
0(0.00%)
|
1(100.0%)
|
Marital Status
Single
Married
Widow
Widower
|
28(51.9%)
|
26(48.1%)
|
X2 = 4.649
P = 0.199
|
61(65.6%)
|
32(34.4%)
|
2(100.0%)
|
0(0.00%)
|
1(100.0%)
|
0(0.00%)
|
Education Level
College
University
|
85(78.7%)
|
23(21.3%)
|
X2 = 49.074
P = 0.000
|
7(16.7%)
|
35(83.3%)
|
Professional Qualifications
Nurse and midwife officers
Assistant nurse officer
Enrolled nurse
|
8 (18.2%)
|
36(81.8%)
|
X2 = 49.835
P = 0.000
|
51(79.7%)
|
13(20.3%)
|
33(78.6%)
|
9(21.4%)
|
Residence
Urban
Semi-Urban
|
49(72.1%)
|
19(27.9%)
|
X2 = 6.034
P = 0.014
|
43(52.4%)
|
39(47.6%)
|
Working Health Facility
Health center
Hospital
|
39(67.2%)
|
19(32.8%)
|
X2 = 1.392
P = 0.238
|
53(57.6%)
|
39(42.4%)
|
Association between Factors Influencing Practice Level on Partograph Utilization and Level of Practice
After control of different variables, the study respondents who were found to have a bachelor’s degree in nursing and midwifery were more times likely to have high a level of practice on partograph utilization as compared to other education levels (University OR = 18.478, p = 0.001, 95%CI: 7.268; 46.981). When combined with different variables the power was adjusted to (AOR = 16.757, p = 0.001; 95%CI: 6.394; 43.915). Additionally, after control of other variables the nurse and midwife officers were more times likely to have high practice on partograph use as compared to other professional qualifications (Nurse and midwife officers AOR = 8.323; p = 0.004; 95%CI: 0.098; 0.642)in Singida municipality. Further information is condensed in Table 5.
Table 5
Logistics regression analysis of the relationship between socio-demographic data and degree of practice on partograph utilization (n = 150).
Variable
|
OR
|
p-value
|
95%CI
|
AOR
|
p-value
|
95%CI
|
Low
|
High
|
Low
|
High
|
Gender
Male(Ref)
Female
|
0.498
|
0.041
|
0.255
|
0.973
|
1.056
|
0.9
|
0.451
|
2.47
|
Education Level
College(Ref)
University
|
18.478
|
0.000
|
7.268
|
46.981
|
16.757
|
0.000
|
6.394
|
43.915
|
Residence
Urban(Ref)
Semi-urban
|
2.339
|
0.015
|
1.180
|
4.657
|
1.485
|
0.351
|
0.647
|
3.407
|
Age Category
20–32 years
33–45 years
46-58years(Ref)
|
0.390
1.190
|
0.123
0.808
|
0.118
0.291
|
1.391
4.867
|
1.154
1.905
|
0.826
0.396
|
0.32
0.430
|
4.16
8.447
|
Professional Qualifications
Nurseand midwife officer
Assistant nurse officer
Enrolled nurses(Ref)
|
7.568
0.031
|
0.006
0.861
|
0.117
0.422
|
0.697
2.055
|
8.323
0.014
|
0.004
0.905
|
0.098
0.428
|
0.642
2.120
|
Source: Field data (2020) |