Table1: Socio-demographic and economic characteristics of children and their mothers
Characteristics
|
Dalits (n=299)
|
Non-Dalits (n=300)
|
Number (n)
|
Percentage (%)
|
Number (n)
|
Percentage (%)
|
Age ofchild (in months)
|
6-8
|
30
|
10.0
|
37
|
12.3
|
9-11
|
51
|
17.1
|
46
|
15.3
|
12-23
|
218
|
72.9
|
217
|
72.3
|
Mean age ± SD
|
14.51±4.678
|
|
14.42±4.560
|
Sex of child
|
Male
|
129
|
43.1
|
167
|
55.7
|
Female
|
170
|
56.9
|
133
|
44.3
|
Mother’s occupation
|
Housewife
|
176
|
58.9
|
198
|
66.0
|
Agriculture
|
49
|
16.4
|
76
|
25.3
|
Labour
|
72
|
24.1
|
8
|
2.7
|
Others
|
2
|
0.7
|
18
|
6.0
|
Mother education
|
Illiterate
|
248
|
83.0
|
133
|
44.3
|
Primary
|
16
|
5.4
|
33
|
11.0
|
Some secondary
|
25
|
8.4
|
82
|
27.3
|
SLC and above
|
10
|
3.3
|
52
|
17.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 2: Nutrition, health and knowledge related characteristics of children and their mother
Characteristics
|
Dalits (n=299)
|
Non-Dalits (n=300)
|
Number (n)
|
Percentage (%)
|
Number (n)
|
Percentage (%)
|
Minimum acceptable diet
|
Yes
|
131
|
43.8
|
133
|
44.3
|
No
|
168
|
56.2
|
167
|
55.7
|
Stunting
|
Normal
|
68
|
22.7
|
90
|
30.0
|
Mild
|
82
|
27.4
|
93
|
31.0
|
Moderate
|
95
|
31.8
|
81
|
27
|
Severe
|
54
|
18.1
|
36
|
12.0
|
Child illness in past two weeks (Diarrhea/ARI/Fever)
|
Yes
|
58
|
19.4
|
56
|
18.7
|
No
|
241
|
80.6
|
244
|
81.3
|
Knowledge on child feeding
|
|
|
|
Yes
|
155
|
51.8
|
180
|
60.0
|
No
|
144
|
48.2
|
120
|
40.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 3: Age and sex-wise status of minimum acceptable diet and stunting among children
Characteristics
|
Dalits(n=299)
|
Non-Dalits (n=300)
|
MAD
Yes-n(%)
|
Stunting
Yes-n(%)
|
MAD
Yes-n(%)
|
Stunting
Yes-n(%)
|
Sex
|
Male
|
50(38.8)
|
61(47.3)
|
72(43.1)
|
64(38.3)
|
Female
|
81(47.6)
|
88(51.8)
|
61(45.9)
|
53(39.8)
|
Age of child (months)
|
6-8
|
6(20.0)
|
11(36.7)
|
11(29.7)
|
6(16.2)
|
9-11
|
16(31.4)
|
26(51.0)
|
15(32.6)
|
18(39.1)
|
12-23
|
109(50.0)
|
112(51.4)
|
107(49.3)
|
93(42.9)
|
MAD: Minimum acceptable diet, n=number, %=Percentage
Table 4 A multivariable logistic regression showing the factors associated with minimum acceptable diet among children aged 6-23 months in Dalits
Characteristics
|
Minimum acceptable diet
|
COR
(95% of CI)
|
AOR
(95% of CI)
|
Met n(%)
|
Not-Met n(%)
|
Age of child
|
12-23 Months
|
109(50.0)
|
109(50.0)
|
1
|
1
|
6-11 Months
|
22(27.2)
|
59(72.8)
|
0.37(0.21-0.65)
|
0.25(0.11-0.54)*
|
Sex of child
|
Female
|
81(47.6)
|
89(52.4)
|
1
|
1
|
Male
|
50(38.8)
|
79(61.2)
|
0.70(0.44-1.11)
|
0.68(0.35-1.29)
|
Father education
|
Secondary and above
|
44(52.4)
|
40(47.6)
|
1
|
1
|
Upto primary
|
87(40.5)
|
128(59.5)
|
0.62(0.37-1.03)
|
0.46(0.21-1.02)
|
Child illness
|
Yes
|
8(13.8)
|
50(86.2)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
45(54.9)
|
37(45.1)
|
6.52(2.96-14.32)
|
4.31(1.56-11.88)*
|
Birth interval
|
Above 2 years
|
28(39.4)
|
43(60.6)
|
1
|
1
|
Upto 2 years
|
70(50.0)
|
70(50.0)
|
1.54(0.86-2.74)
|
1.68(0.83-3.38)
|
Family types
|
Joint
|
92(41.1)
|
132(58.9)
|
1
|
1
|
Nuclear
|
39(52.0)
|
36(48.0)
|
1.55(0.92-2.63)
|
0.46(0.21-1.02)
|
Main source of income
|
Non-agriculture
|
109(42.2)
|
149(57.8)
|
1
|
1
|
Agriculture
|
22(53.7)
|
19(46.3)
|
1.58(0.82-3.07)
|
1.07(0.40-2.90)
|
Knowledge on child feeding
|
Yes
|
92(61.3)
|
58(38.7)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
39(26.2)
|
110(73.8)
|
0.22(0.14-0.37)
|
0.31(0.16-0.61)*
|
Household ownership on agriculture land
|
Yes
|
58(35.8)
|
104(64.2)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
73(53.3)
|
64(46.7)
|
0.49(0.31-0.78)
|
0.79(0.37-1.67)
|
*: significant (CI :> 1or <1), COR: Crude odds ratio, AOR: Adjusted odds ratio, n: number, CI: Confident interval.
Table 5: A multivariable logistic regression showing the factors associated with minimum acceptable diet among children aged 6-23 months in Non-Dalits
Characteristics
|
Minimum acceptable diet
|
COR
(95% of CI)
|
AOR
(95% of CI)
|
Met n(%)
|
Not-Met n(%)
|
Age of child
|
12-23 Months
|
107(49.3)
|
110(50.7)
|
1
|
1
|
6-11 Months
|
26(31.3)
|
57(68.7)
|
0.47(0.28-0.80)
|
0.37(0.21-0.64)*
|
Child illness
|
Yes
|
10(17.9)
|
46(82.1)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
123(50.4)
|
121(49.6)
|
4.68(2.26-9.69)
|
4.80(2.23-10.32)*
|
Birth interval
|
Above 2 years
|
33(43.4)
|
42(56.6)
|
1
|
1
|
Upto 2 years
|
49(55.7)
|
39(44.3)
|
1.64(0.88-3.04)
|
1.92(1.56-3.19)*
|
Family types
|
Joint
|
107(42.5)
|
145(57.5)
|
1
|
1
|
Nuclear
|
26(54.2)
|
22(45.8)
|
1.60(0.86-2.98)
|
1.72(0.98-3.01)
|
Main source of family income
|
Non-agriculture
|
82(41.4)
|
116(58.6)
|
1
|
1
|
Agriculture
|
51(50.0)
|
51(50.0)
|
1.42(0.88-2.29)
|
1.19(0.65-2.19)
|
Knowledge on child feeding
|
Yes
|
103(61.3)
|
65(38.7)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
30(22.7)
|
102(77.3)
|
0.19-0.11-0.31)
|
0.26(0.16-0.42)*
|
Household ownership on agriculture land
|
Yes
|
121(46.7)
|
138(53.3)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
12(29.3)
|
29(70.7)
|
0.47(0.23-0.97)
|
0.72(0.39-1.33)
|
ANC visit
|
Yes
|
110(41.7)
|
154(58.3)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
23(63.9)
|
13(36.1)
|
2.45(1.20-5.10)
|
1.71(0.91-3.20)
|
Place-wise delivery
|
Health facilities
|
57(35.0)
|
106(65.0)
|
1
|
1
|
Home
|
76(55.5)
|
61(44.5)
|
2.32(1.45-3.69)
|
0.84(0.15-4.66)
|
PNC visit
|
Yes
|
58(35.4)
|
106(64.6)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
75(55.1)
|
61(44.9)
|
2.25(1.41-3.58)
|
1.45(0.26-7.99)
|
Media exposure
|
Yes
|
81(46.0)
|
95(54.0)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
50(40.7)
|
73(59.3)
|
0.61(0.31-1.18)
|
0.62(0.34-1.12)
|
Number of child
|
Two or more
|
83(50.6)
|
81(49.4)
|
1
|
|
Single
|
50(36.8)
|
86(63.2)
|
0.57(0.36-0.90)
|
-
|
Mother occupation
|
Non-housewife
|
55(53.9)
|
47(46.1)
|
1
|
1
|
Housewife
|
78(39.4)
|
120(60.6)
|
0.56(0.34-0.90)
|
0.97(0.59-1.59)
|
*: significant (CI :> 1 or <1), COR: Crude odds ratio, AOR: Adjusted odds ratio, n: number, CI: Confident interval, ANC: Ante natal care.
Table 6: A multivariable logistic regression showing the factors associated with stunting among children aged 6-23 months in Dalits
Characteristics
|
Stunting
|
COR
(95% of CI)
|
AOR
(95% of CI)
|
Stunted
|
Normal
|
Family types
|
Joint
|
102(45.5)
|
122(54.5)
|
1
|
1
|
Nuclear
|
47(62.7)
|
28(37.3)
|
2.01(1.17-3.43)
|
1.93(1.11-3.34)*
|
Knowledge on child feeding
|
Yes
|
66(44.0)
|
84(56.0)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
83(55.7)
|
66(44.3)
|
1.60(1.01-2.53)
|
1.59(0.99-2.54)
|
ANC visit
|
Yes
|
112(47.7)
|
123(52.3)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
37(57.8)
|
27(42.2)
|
1.51(0.86-2.63)
|
1.17(0.65-2.12)
|
Media exposure
|
Yes
|
79(44.9)
|
97(55.1)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
70(56.9)
|
53(43.1)
|
1.62(1.02-2.58)
|
1.56(0.94-2.58)
|
TICF
|
Yes
|
64(45.4)
|
77(54.6)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
85(53.8)
|
73(46.2)
|
1.41(0.89-2.21)
|
1.57(0.97-2.54)
|
*: significant (CI :> 1 or <1), COR: Crude odds ratio, AOR: Adjusted odds ratio, n: number, CI: Confident interval, TICF: Timely initiation of complementary feeding.
Table 7: A multivariable logistic regression showing the factors associated with stunting among children aged 6-23 months in Non-Dalits
Characteristics
|
Stunting
|
COR
(95% of CI)
|
AOR
(95% of CI)
|
Stunted
|
Normal
|
|
|
Age of child
|
12-23 Months
|
93(42.9)
|
124(57.1)
|
1
|
1
|
6-11 Months
|
24(28.9)
|
59(71.1)
|
0.54(0.31-0.94)
|
0.24(0.10-0.57)*
|
Father education
|
Secondary and above
|
59(33.9)
|
115(66.1)
|
1
|
1
|
Upto primary
|
58(46.0)
|
68(54.0)
|
1.66(1.04-2.66)
|
1.18(0.56-2.46)
|
Birth interval
|
Above 2 years
|
34(44.7)
|
42(55.3)
|
1
|
1
|
Upto 2 years
|
30(34.1)
|
58(65.9)
|
0.64(0.34-1.20)
|
0.58(0.29-1.20)
|
Family types
|
Joint
|
91(36.1)
|
161(63.9)
|
1
|
1
|
Nuclear
|
26(54.2)
|
22(45.8)
|
2.09(1.12-3.90)
|
2.27(0.97-5.31)
|
Household ownership on agriculture land
|
Yes
|
96(37.1)
|
163(62.9)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
21(51.2)
|
20(48.8)
|
1.78(0.92-3.46)
|
2.31(0.83-6.43)
|
ANC visit
|
Yes
|
99(37.5)
|
165(62.5)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
18(50.0)
|
18(50.0)
|
1.67(0.83-3.35)
|
3.20(1.15-8.90)*
|
Place of delivery
|
Health facilities
|
58(35.6)
|
105(64.4)
|
1
|
1
|
Home
|
59(43.1)
|
78(56.9)
|
1.37(0.86-2.18)
|
0.98(0.47-2.04)
|
Media exposure
|
Yes
|
95(37.1)
|
161(62.9)
|
1
|
1
|
No
|
22(50.0)
|
22(50.0)
|
1.70(0.89-3.22)
|
3.10 (1.11-8.64)*
|
Mother occupation
|
Non-housewife
|
45(44.1)
|
57(55.9)
|
1
|
1
|
Housewife
|
72(36.4)
|
126(63.6)
|
0.72(0.45-1.18)
|
0.64(0.31-1.33)
|
*: significant (CI :> 1 or <1), COR: Crude odds ratio, AOR: Adjusted odds ratio, n: number, CI: Confident interval.